Alert archive / Mississippi / River Flood Warnings in 2014

River Flood Warning 69, NWS Jackson, MS

April 29, 2014Clarke County, Mississippi

NWS Jackson, MS issued this river flood warning at Apr 29, 2014, 2:44 AM CDT for Clarke County, Mississippi. It took effect at Apr 29, 2014, 6:51 AM CDT. It was in force for 5 days.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Apr 29, 2014, 2:44 AM CDT (07:44 UTC)
In effect from
Apr 29, 2014, 6:51 AM CDT
Expired
May 4, 2014, 12:24 PM CDT
In force
5 days
Issued by
NWS Jackson, MS
Area
Storm-based polygon
Flood severity
Minor

County Clarke County, MS

The radar

The Jackson/Brandon,MS radar (KDGX), 115 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 07:47 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The river

Written for the forecast point Chickasawhay River at Enterprise (ENSM6).

Action stage
24 ft
Minor stage
25 ft
Moderate stage
30 ft
Major stage
41 ft

This gauge today: stage, forecast and historic crests

Stage from the USGS instantaneous record for site 02477000, one reading an hour, from a day before the product to a day after it ended. Flood stages are today's.

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

550 
WGUS44 KJAN 290744
FLWJAN
BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON, MS
244 AM CDT TUE APR 29 2014

...THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN JACKSON HAS ISSUED A FLOOD WARNING
FOR THE FOLLOWING RIVERS IN MISSISSIPPI... 

  CHICKASAWHAY RIVER AT ENTERPRISE AFFECTING CLARKE COUNTY


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

DO NOT DRIVE OR WALK THROUGH AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS ROADWAYS! THE 
WATER MAY BE DEEPER THAN IT APPEARS. PLEASE USE EXTREME CAUTION IF 
VENTURING NEAR RIVERBANKS. MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND IMMEDIATELY SHOULD 
RISING WATER THREATEN YOUR SAFETY. REMEMBER...TURN AROUND, DON'T 
DROWN!

THE FORECASTS ARE BASED ON RAINFALL THAT HAS OCCURRED AND THAT WHICH 
IS FORECAST TO OCCUR OVER THE NEXT 12 HOURS.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE AT (USE LOWER CASE LETTERS) 
HTTP://AHPS.SRH.NOAA.GOV/AHPS2/INDEX.PHP?WFO=JAN

THE NEXT REGULARLY SCHEDULED UPDATE IS EXPECTED BETWEEN 8 AND 10 AM.

&&

MSC023-301344-
/O.NEW.KJAN.FL.W.0069.140429T1151Z-140504T1724Z/
/ENSM6.1.ER.140429T1151Z.140501T1800Z.140504T0224Z.NO/
244 AM CDT TUE APR 29 2014

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN JACKSON HAS ISSUED A 

* FLOOD WARNING FOR 
  THE CHICKASAWHAY RIVER AT ENTERPRISE
* FROM THIS MORNING TO SUNDAY AFTERNOON.
* AT 2:00 AM TUESDAY THE STAGE WAS 21.7 FEET AND QUICKLY RISING. 
* MINOR FLOODING IS FORECAST. 
* FLOOD STAGE IS 25 FEET. 
* FORECAST...THE RIVER WILL RISE ABOVE FLOOD STAGE THIS MORNING 
  AND WILL CREST NEAR 29.5 FEET ON THURSDAY.
* IMPACT...AT 30 FEET...WATER BEGINNING TO COVER SEVERAL STREETS AND
  ROADS.

&&
 
              FLOOD    OBSERVED        FORECAST 6AM       CREST
LOCATION      STG   STG DAY  TIME   WED   THU   FRI CREST TIME  DATE

CHICKASAWHAY RIVER
ENTERPRISE     25  21.7 TUE  2 AM  25.1  28.2  29.3  29.5  1 PM 05/1

&&


LAT...LON 3200 8878 3208 8883 3216 8890 3220 8879
      3211 8873 3205 8868             



$$

DL
6 follow-up statements
869 
WGUS84 KJAN 291517
FLSJAN
FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON, MS
1017 AM CDT TUE APR 29 2014


...THE FLOOD WARNING CONTINUES FOR THE FOLLOWING RIVERS IN 
MISSISSIPPI...

  CHICKASAWHAY RIVER AT ENTERPRISE AFFECTING CLARKE COUNTY 


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

DO NOT DRIVE OR WALK THROUGH AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS ROADWAYS! THE 
WATER MAY BE DEEPER THAN IT APPEARS. PLEASE USE EXTREME CAUTION IF 
VENTURING NEAR RIVERBANKS. MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND IMMEDIATELY SHOULD 
RISING WATER THREATEN YOUR SAFETY. REMEMBER...TURN AROUND, DON'T 
DROWN!

THE FORECASTS ARE BASED ON RAINFALL THAT HAS OCCURRED AND THAT WHICH 
IS FORECAST TO OCCUR OVER THE NEXT 24 HOURS.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE AT (USE LOWER CASE LETTERS) 
HTTP://AHPS.SRH.NOAA.GOV/AHPS2/INDEX.PHP?WFO=JAN

THE NEXT REGULARLY SCHEDULED UPDATE IS EXPECTED TONIGHT BETWEEN 8 AND
10 PM.

&&

MSC023-302117-
/O.EXT.KJAN.FL.W.0069.000000T0000Z-140504T0800Z/
/ENSM6.1.ER.140429T1345Z.140501T1800Z.140503T1700Z.NO/
1017 AM CDT TUE APR 29 2014


THE FLOOD WARNING CONTINUES FOR
  THE CHICKASAWHAY RIVER AT ENTERPRISE
* UNTIL LATE SATURDAY NIGHT.
* AT 10:00 AM TUESDAY THE STAGE WAS 25.3 FEET. 
* MINOR FLOODING IS OCCURRING AND MINOR FLOODING IS FORECAST.
* FLOOD STAGE IS 25.0 FEET. 
* FORECAST...THE RIVER WILL CONTINUE RISING TO NEAR 29.5 FEET BY 
  EARLY THURSDAY AFTERNOON. 
* IMPACT...AT 25.0 FEET...WATER BEGINNING TO OVERFLOW BANKS FROM THE 
  CONFLUENCE OF CHUNKY RIVER AND OKATIBBEE CREEK TO APPROXIMATELY 3 
  MILES DOWNSTREAM.

&&
 
              FLOOD    OBSERVED        FORECAST 6AM       CREST
LOCATION      STG   STG DAY  TIME   WED   THU   FRI CREST TIME  DATE

CHICKASAWHAY RIVER
ENTERPRISE     25  25.3 TUE 10 AM  28.6  29.4  28.8  29.5 01 PM 05/01


&&


LAT...LON 3200 8878 3208 8883 3216 8890 3220 8879
      3211 8873 3205 8868             



$$
579 
WGUS84 KJAN 300219
FLSJAN
FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON, MS
919 PM CDT TUE APR 29 2014

...THE FLOOD WARNING CONTINUES FOR THE FOLLOWING RIVERS IN 
MISSISSIPPI..

  CHICKASAWHAY RIVER AT ENTERPRISE AFFECTING CLARKE COUNTY 


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

DO NOT DRIVE OR WALK THROUGH AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS ROADWAYS! THE 
WATER MAY BE DEEPER THAN IT APPEARS. PLEASE USE EXTREME CAUTION IF 
VENTURING NEAR RIVERBANKS. MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND IMMEDIATELY SHOULD 
RISING WATER THREATEN YOUR SAFETY. REMEMBER...TURN AROUND, DON'T 
DROWN!

THE FORECASTS ARE BASED ON RAINFALL THAT HAS OCCURRED AND THAT WHICH 
IS FORECAST TO OCCUR OVER THE NEXT 12 HOURS.

THE NEXT REGULARLY SCHEDULED UPDATE IS EXPECTED BETWEEN 8 AND 10 AM.

&&

MSC023-010819-
/O.CON.KJAN.FL.W.0069.000000T0000Z-140504T0800Z/
/ENSM6.1.ER.140429T1345Z.140501T1800Z.140503T1700Z.NO/
919 PM CDT TUE APR 29 2014


THE FLOOD WARNING CONTINUES FOR
  THE CHICKASAWHAY RIVER AT ENTERPRISE
* UNTIL LATE SATURDAY NIGHT.
* AT 9:00 PM TUESDAY THE STAGE WAS 26.6 FEET AND RISING. 
* MINOR FLOODING IS OCCURRING AND MINOR FLOODING IS FORECAST.
* FLOOD STAGE IS 25 FEET. 
* FORECAST...THE RIVER WILL CREST NEAR 29.5 FEET ON THURSDAY.
* IMPACT...AT 30 FEET...WATER BEGINNING TO COVER SEVERAL STREETS AND
  ROADS.
* IMPACT...AT 25 FEET...WATER BEGINNING TO OVERFLOW BANKS FROM THE 
  CONFLUENCE OF CHUNKY RIVER AND OKATIBBEE CREEK TO APPROXIMATELY 3 
  MILES DOWNSTREAM.

&&
 
              FLOOD    OBSERVED        FORECAST 6AM       CREST
LOCATION      STG   STG DAY  TIME   WED   THU   FRI CREST TIME  DATE

CHICKASAWHAY RIVER
ENTERPRISE     25  26.6 TUE  9 PM  27.9  29.4  28.8  29.5  1 PM  5/1

&&


LAT...LON 3200 8878 3208 8883 3216 8890 3220 8879
      3211 8873 3205 8868             



$$

DL
794 
WGUS84 KJAN 301457
FLSJAN
FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON, MS
957 AM CDT WED APR 30 2014

...THE FLOOD WARNING CONTINUES FOR THE FOLLOWING RIVER IN MISSISSIPPI...

  CHICKASAWHAY RIVER AT ENTERPRISE AFFECTING CLARKE COUNTY 

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

DO NOT DRIVE OR WALK THROUGH AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS ROADWAYS! THE 
WATER MAY BE DEEPER THAN IT APPEARS. PLEASE USE EXTREME CAUTION IF 
VENTURING NEAR RIVERBANKS. MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND IMMEDIATELY SHOULD 
RISING WATER THREATEN YOUR SAFETY. REMEMBER...TURN AROUND, DON'T 
DROWN!

THE FORECASTS ARE BASED ON RAINFALL THAT HAS OCCURRED AND THAT WHICH 
IS FORECAST TO OCCUR OVER THE NEXT 12 HOURS FOR ALL SITES. 48 HOURS 
QPF IS ROUTINELY USED FOR TIBBEE CREEK...LUXAPALLILA CREEK...THE 
NOXUBEE RIVER...AND THE TOMBIGEE RIVER.


ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE AT (USE LOWER CASE LETTERS) 
HTTP://AHPS.SRH.NOAA.GOV/AHPS2/INDEX.PHP?WFO=JAN

THE NEXT REGULARLY SCHEDULED UPDATE IS EXPECTED TONIGHT BETWEEN 8 AND
10 PM.

&&

MSC023-012057-
/O.EXT.KJAN.FL.W.0069.000000T0000Z-140503T0336Z/
/ENSM6.1.ER.140429T1345Z.140501T1800Z.140502T1236Z.NO/
957 AM CDT WED APR 30 2014


THE FLOOD WARNING CONTINUES FOR
  THE CHICKASAWHAY RIVER AT ENTERPRISE
* UNTIL FRIDAY EVENING.
* AT 9:00 AM WEDNESDAY THE STAGE WAS 26.1 FEET. 
* MINOR FLOODING IS OCCURRING AND MINOR FLOODING IS FORECAST.
* FLOOD STAGE IS 25.0 FEET. 
* FORECAST...THE RIVER WILL CONTINUE RISING TO NEAR 27.0 FEET BY 
  EARLY TOMORROW AFTERNOON. 
* IMPACT...AT 25.0 FEET...WATER IS BEGINNING TO OVERFLOW BANKS FROM THE 
  CONFLUENCE OF CHUNKY RIVER AND OKATIBBEE CREEK TO APPROXIMATELY 3 
  MILES DOWNSTREAM.

&&
 
              FLOOD    OBSERVED        FORECAST 6AM       CREST
LOCATION      STG   STG DAY  TIME   THU   FRI   SAT CREST TIME  DATE

CHICKASAWHAY RIVER
ENTERPRISE     25  26.1 WED 09 AM  26.8  25.1  20.3  27.0 01 PM 05/01


&&


LAT...LON 3200 8878 3208 8883 3216 8890 3220 8879
      3211 8873 3205 8868             



$$
202 
WGUS84 KJAN 010203
FLSJAN
FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON, MS
903 PM CDT WED APR 30 2014

...THE FLOOD WARNING CONTINUES FOR THE FOLLOWING RIVERS IN 
MISSISSIPPI...

  CHICKASAWHAY RIVER AT ENTERPRISE AFFECTING CLARKE COUNTY 


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

DO NOT DRIVE OR WALK THROUGH AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS ROADWAYS! THE 
WATER MAY BE DEEPER THAN IT APPEARS. PLEASE USE EXTREME CAUTION IF 
VENTURING NEAR RIVERBANKS. MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND IMMEDIATELY SHOULD 
RISING WATER THREATEN YOUR SAFETY. REMEMBER...TURN AROUND, DON'T 
DROWN!

THE FORECASTS ARE BASED ON RAINFALL THAT HAS OCCURRED AND THAT WHICH 
IS FORECAST TO OCCUR OVER THE NEXT 12 HOURS.

THE NEXT REGULARLY SCHEDULED UPDATE IS EXPECTED BETWEEN 8 AND 10 AM.

&&

MSC023-020803-
/O.EXT.KJAN.FL.W.0069.000000T0000Z-140503T0340Z/
/ENSM6.1.ER.140429T1345Z.140501T1800Z.140502T1240Z.NO/
903 PM CDT WED APR 30 2014

...FLOOD WARNING EXTENDED UNTIL FRIDAY EVENING...

THE FLOOD WARNING CONTINUES FOR
  THE CHICKASAWHAY RIVER AT ENTERPRISE
* UNTIL FRIDAY EVENING.
* AT 8:00 PM WEDNESDAY THE STAGE WAS 25.8 FEET AND RISING. 
* MINOR FLOODING IS OCCURRING AND MINOR FLOODING IS FORECAST.
* FLOOD STAGE IS 25 FEET. 
* FORECAST...THE RIVER WILL CREST NEAR 27 FEET ON THURSDAY
  AFTERNOON.
* IMPACT...AT 25 FEET...WATER BEGINNING TO OVERFLOW BANKS FROM THE 
  CONFLUENCE OF CHUNKY RIVER AND OKATIBBEE CREEK TO APPROXIMATELY 3 
  MILES DOWNSTREAM.

&&
 
              FLOOD    OBSERVED        FORECAST 6AM       CREST
LOCATION      STG   STG DAY  TIME   THU   FRI   SAT CREST TIME  DATE

CHICKASAWHAY RIVER
ENTERPRISE     25  25.8 WED  8 PM  26.8  25.1  20.3  27.0  1 PM  5/1

&&


LAT...LON 3200 8878 3208 8883 3216 8890 3220 8879
      3211 8873 3205 8868             



$$

DL
162 
WGUS84 KJAN 011456
FLSJAN
FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON, MS
956 AM CDT THU MAY 1 2014


...THE FLOOD WARNING CONTINUES FOR THE FOLLOWING RIVERS IN 
MISSISSIPPI...

  CHICKASAWHAY RIVER AT ENTERPRISE AFFECTING CLARKE COUNTY 


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

DO NOT DRIVE OR WALK THROUGH AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS ROADWAYS! THE 
WATER MAY BE DEEPER THAN IT APPEARS. PLEASE USE EXTREME CAUTION IF 
VENTURING NEAR RIVERBANKS. MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND IMMEDIATELY SHOULD 
RISING WATER THREATEN YOUR SAFETY. REMEMBER...TURN AROUND, DON'T 
DROWN!

THE FORECASTS ARE BASED ON RAINFALL THAT HAS OCCURRED AND THAT WHICH 
IS FORECAST TO OCCUR OVER THE NEXT 12 HOURS.


ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS AVAILABLE AT (USE LOWER CASE LETTERS) 
HTTP://AHPS.SRH.NOAA.GOV/AHPS2/INDEX.PHP?WFO=JAN

THE NEXT REGULARLY SCHEDULED UPDATE IS EXPECTED TONIGHT BETWEEN 8 AND
10 PM.

&&

MSC023-021734-
/O.EXT.KJAN.FL.W.0069.000000T0000Z-140502T1734Z/
/ENSM6.1.ER.140429T1345Z.140430T1500Z.140502T0234Z.NO/
956 AM CDT THU MAY 1 2014


THE FLOOD WARNING CONTINUES FOR
  THE CHICKASAWHAY RIVER AT ENTERPRISE
* UNTIL FRIDAY AFTERNOON.
* AT  9:00 AM THURSDAY THE STAGE WAS 25.8 FEET. 
* MINOR FLOODING IS OCCURRING AND MINOR FLOODING IS FORECAST.
* FLOOD STAGE IS 25.0 FEET. 
* FORECAST...THE RIVER WILL FALL BELOW FLOOD STAGE BY TONIGHT.

&&
 
              FLOOD    OBSERVED        FORECAST 6AM       CREST
LOCATION      STG   STG DAY  TIME   FRI   SAT   SUN CREST TIME  DATE

CHICKASAWHAY RIVER
ENTERPRISE     25  25.8 THU 09 AM  23.6  19.1  15.6 BLO FS TONIGHT         


&&


LAT...LON 3200 8878 3208 8883 3216 8890 3220 8879
      3211 8873 3205 8868             



$$
749 
WGUS84 KJAN 020430
FLSJAN
FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON, MS
1130 PM CDT THU MAY 1 2014


...THE FLOOD WARNING IS CANCELLED FOR THE FOLLOWING RIVERS 
IN MISSISSIPPI...
 
  CHICKASAWHAY RIVER AT ENTERPRISE AFFECTING CLARKE COUNTY


PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

DO NOT DRIVE OR WALK THROUGH AREAS WHERE WATER COVERS ROADWAYS! THE 
WATER MAY BE DEEPER THAN IT APPEARS. PLEASE USE EXTREME CAUTION IF 
VENTURING NEAR RIVERBANKS. MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND IMMEDIATELY SHOULD 
RISING WATER THREATEN YOUR SAFETY. REMEMBER...TURN AROUND, DON'T 
DROWN!

THE FORECASTS ARE BASED ON RAINFALL THAT HAS OCCURRED AND THAT WHICH 
IS FORECAST TO OCCUR OVER THE NEXT 12 HOURS.

THE NEXT REGULARLY SCHEDULED UPDATE IS EXPECTED BETWEEN 8 AND 10 AM.

&&

MSC023-020500-
/O.CAN.KJAN.FL.W.0069.000000T0000Z-140502T1734Z/
/ENSM6.1.ER.140429T1345Z.140430T1500Z.140502T0330Z.NO/
1130 PM CDT THU MAY 1 2014

THE FLOOD WARNING IS CANCELLED FOR
  THE CHICKASAWHAY RIVER AT ENTERPRISE.
* AT 11:00 PM THURSDAY THE STAGE WAS 24.9 FEET. 
* THE RIVER FELL BELOW FLOOD STAGE AT 10:30 PM THURSDAY.
* FLOOD STAGE IS 25 FEET. 
* FORECAST...THE RIVER WILL CONTINUE TO FALL TO 19.2 FEET BY SATURDAY
  MORNING.

&&
 
              FLOOD    OBSERVED        FORECAST 6AM       CREST
LOCATION      STG   STG DAY  TIME   FRI   SAT   SUN CREST TIME  DATE

CHICKASAWHAY RIVER
ENTERPRISE     25  24.9 THU 11 PM  23.8  19.2  15.7      FALLING     

&&


LAT...LON 3200 8878 3208 8883 3216 8890 3220 8879
      3211 8873 3205 8868             



$$

DL

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this river flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Jackson, MS wrote its last area forecast discussion before this river flood warning went out at Apr 29, 12:49 AM CDT, 1 hour 55 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Apr 29, 12:49 AM CDT, 1 hour 55 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1249 AM CDT TUE APR 29 2014

.UPDATE...HAVE CANCELLED THE TORNADO WATCH FOR THE SOUTHEAST AREA
FOR THE NIGHT AS THE STRONG CONVECTION HAS CLEARED THE REGION./17/

&&

.AVIATION....CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY HAS CLEARED THE AREA. WINDS HAVE
DIMINISHED IN THE WAKE OF THE CONVECTION AND CLEARING SKIES WILL
ALLOW FOR SOME IFR/LIFR CONDS TO DEVELOP OVERNIGHT ESPECIALLY IN THE
WEST AND CNTRL AREAS. CONDITIONS WL IMPROVE TUE BY 15Z AND STRONG
GUSTY SW WINDS WL REDEVELOP OVER THE AREA. ANOTHER ROUND OF
POTENTIALLY SEVERE TSTMS ARE EXPECTED TUESDAY...ESPECIALLY OVER THE
SE HALF OF THE AREA. 17/22/

&&

.PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 355 PM CDT MON APR 28 2014/

..SEVERE WEATHER OUTBREAK ONGOING THIS AFTERNOON AND EXPECTED TO
CONTINUE INTO THIS EVENING...

DISCUSSION...A DANGEROUS AND LIFE-THREATENING SEVERE WEATHER
OUTBREAK IS ONGOING ACROSS CENTRAL AND NORTH MISSISSIPPI NOW WITH A
CONTINUED HIGH RISK OF MORE STORMS DEVELOPING BACK ACROSS NE LA.
THESE STORMS HAVE PRODUCED TORNADOES ALREADY AND WILL CONTINUE TO BE
CAPABLE OF STRONG POTENTIALLY...LONG TRACK TORNADOES THROUGH THE
EVENING AS SEMI-DISCRETE SUPERCELLS MOVE ACROSS THE REGION. PLEASE
TAKE THE HIGHEST OF PRECAUTIONS NOW. PORTIONS OF THE AREA ARE IN A
RARE HIGH RISK FROM THE STORM PREDICTION CENTER. THE JACKSON
METROPLEX COULD ENTER A WORRISOME TIMEFRAME FROM 5-8PM.

A BAND OF 200-300 M2/S2 0-1 ESRH HAS BUILD ALONG THE I-55 TO NATCHEZ
TRACE CORRIDOR WITH 0-6 KM 55-65 KT SHEAR WITHIN A 2500 J/KG MLCAPE
INSTABILITY RIBBON UNDER 7.5 C/KM LAPSE RATES COINCIDING WITH STRONG
UPPER LEVEL DIVERGENCE AS A CYCLONIC JET STREAK PIVOTS ACROSS SRN
AR. THIS WILL ALLOW FOR WELL VENTILATED TILTED ROTATING UPDRAFTS TO
DEVELOP ALLOWING FOR STRONG TORNADO POTENTIAL, LARGE HAIL TO THE
SIZE OF GOLFBALLS TO BASEBALLS AND ALSO DAMAGING STRAIGHT-LINE
WINDS. EXPECT ACTIVITY TO SLOWLY GROW UPSCALE AS IT SHIFTS EAST INTO
A BROKEN SUPERCELL TO BROKEN QLCS PER LATEST SHORT TERM NWP AND
OVERALL RADAR TRENDS. TORNADOES, SOME STRONG, WILL CONTINUE TO BE
POSSIBLE THROUGH THE EVENING HOURS WITH GREATEST RISK IN THE CENTRAL
MISSISSIPPI TO A COUPLE COUNTIES SOUTH OF I-20 WHERE BETTER SHEAR
EXISTS. HOWEVER, A TORNADO CAN NOT BE RULED OUT ANYWHERE ACROSS THE
REGION AS THIS LINE MOVES THROUGH BY LATE EVENING. HEAVY RAIN WILL
BECOME A CONCERN AS PWATS WILL BE IN THE 1.5-1.7" RANGE. SEVERE
WEATHER RISK WILL END AS A DRYLINE PARTIALLY MOVES THROUGH THE
REGION AND THE ASSOCIATED DEEPER LIFT PIVOTS NE OF THE REGION.

A LULL IN ACTIVITY IS EXPECTED THROUGH EARLY TUESDAY MORNING INTO
MID MORNING WITH A RESURGENCE OF RENEWED VIGOROUS CONVECTION LIKELY
NEAR NOON THAT WILL START IN WEST MS AND MOVE EAST OF I-55 DURING
THE AFTN AND EVENING AS QG LIFT OVERSPREADS THE REGION AND
ATMOSPHERIC RECOVERY OCCURS. MLCAPE VALUES OF 1000-2000 J/KG SHOULD
BECOME REESTABLISHED ALONG AND EAST OF A GREENWOOD TO VICKSBURG TO
ALEXANDRIA LA LINE BY EARLY AFTN TUESDAY. 0-6 KM DEEP LAYER SHEAR OF
50-70 KT WILL BE SUFFICIENT FOR SUPERCELL DEVELOPMENT. PROGGED 0-1
KM SRH APPEARS LOWER THEN VALUES TODAY BUT GIVEN ENHANCED UPPER
LEVEL DIVERGENCE, JET SUPPORT, AND CONVERGENT DRY-LINE SURGE TO HELP
COMPENSATE FOR LOWER VALUES, SOME STRONG TORNADOES WILL BE POSSIBLE,
ESPECIALLY IN FAR EAST MS AS SHEAR INCREASED THROUGH THE AFTN IN
RESPONSE TO NEXT S/WV PASSAGE. SEVERE WEATHER WILL CLEAR THE ENTIRE
REGION BY TUESDAY NIGHT AS COOL FRONT MOVES THROUGH THE REGION.

UPDATES TO THE HWO ARE FORTHCOMING TO INCLUDE EXTREME WORKING ALONG
WITH CORRESPONDING GRAPHICS. ALL OTHER UPDATES ARE OUT. /ALLEN/

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
JACKSON       64  82  54  73 /  44  68  30  14
MERIDIAN      64  84  58  78 /  91  82  61  14
VICKSBURG     62  81  51  72 /  17  47  14  14
HATTIESBURG   66  85  62  80 /  65  81  45  14
NATCHEZ       64  83  51  72 /  35  43  14  14
GREENVILLE    58  79  51  69 /  18  49  14  14
GREENWOOD     58  81  52  69 /  11  62  22  14

&&

.JAN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MS...FLASH FLOOD WATCH UNTIL 7 AM CDT TUESDAY FOR MSZ031-038-039-
     043>046-048>052-055>058-063>066-072>074.

LA...NONE.
AR...NONE.
&&

/22/ALLEN/
Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 28, 10:35 PM CDT, 4 hours 9 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK...UPDATED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1035 PM CDT MON APR 28 2014

ARZ074-075-LAZ007-MSZ018-019-034-291545-
ASHLEY-CHICOT-MOREHOUSE-BOLIVAR-SUNFLOWER-WASHINGTON-
1035 PM CDT MON APR 28 2014

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTHEAST
ARKANSAS...NORTHEAST LOUISIANA...AND NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI.

.DAY ONE...THE REST OF TONIGHT AND TUESDAY

THE PROBABILITY FOR WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS LOW.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY

THE PROBABILITY FOR WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS LOW.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER
OPERATIONS IS NOT EXPECTED THROUGH NEXT SUNDAY.

MSZ028>033-036>039-042>046-048>052-054>058-062>066-072>074-291545-
MONTGOMERY-WEBSTER-CLAY-LOWNDES-CHOCTAW-OKTIBBEHA-HOLMES-ATTALA-
WINSTON-NOXUBEE-YAZOO-MADISON MS-LEAKE-NESHOBA-KEMPER-HINDS-
RANKIN-SCOTT-NEWTON-LAUDERDALE-COPIAH-SIMPSON-SMITH-JASPER-CLARKE-
LINCOLN-LAWRENCE-JEFFERSON DAVIS-COVINGTON-JONES-MARION-LAMAR-
FORREST-
1035 PM CDT MON APR 28 2014

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF CENTRAL
MISSISSIPPI...EAST CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...NORTH CENTRAL
MISSISSIPPI...NORTHEAST MISSISSIPPI...SOUTH CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...
AND SOUTHEAST MISSISSIPPI.

.DAY ONE...THE REST OF TONIGHT AND TUESDAY

TORNADOES
RISK...ELEVATED
TIMING...TUESDAY

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
RISK...ELEVATED
TIMING...TUESDAY

FLOODING
RISK...ELEVATED
TIMING...TUESDAY

SCATTERED SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING TORNADOES...LARGE
HAIL...DAMAGING WINDS GUSTS AND TORRENTIAL RAINFALL ARE EXPECTED
INTO THE EARLY MORNING HOURS GENERALLY SOUTH OF A LINE FROM MERIDIAN
TO NATCHEZ. THIS WILL BE A DANGEROUS SITUATION AND FLOODING WILL BE
CONCERN AS WELL.

SCATTERED TO NUMEROUS SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF LARGE
HAIL...DAMAGING WINDS...A FEW TORNADOES...AND FLOODING RAINFALL ARE
EXPECTED DURING THE MIDDAY TO AFTERNOON HOURS ON TUESDAY.

(WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=3)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY

THE PROBABILITY FOR WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS LOW.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER
OPERATIONS MAY BE NEEDED FOR PORTIONS OF THE REGION TUESDAY.

LAZ008-009-015-016-023>026-MSZ025>027-035-040-041-047-053-059>061-
291545-
WEST CARROLL-EAST CARROLL-RICHLAND-MADISON LA-FRANKLIN LA-
CATAHOULA-TENSAS-CONCORDIA-LEFLORE-GRENADA-CARROLL-HUMPHREYS-
ISSAQUENA-SHARKEY-WARREN-CLAIBORNE-JEFFERSON-ADAMS-FRANKLIN MS-
1035 PM CDT MON APR 28 2014

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF NORTHEAST
LOUISIANA...CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...NORTH CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...
SOUTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...AND WEST CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI.

.DAY ONE...THE REST OF TONIGHT AND TUESDAY

TORNADOES
RISK...LIMITED
TIMING...TUESDAY

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
RISK...LIMITED
TIMING...TUESDAY

FLOODING
RISK...LIMITED
TIMING...TUESDAY

SCATTERED SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING TORNADOES...LARGE
HAIL...DAMAGING WINDS GUSTS AND TORRENTIAL RAINFALL ARE EXPECTED
INTO THE EARLY MORNING HOURS GENERALLY SOUTH OF A LINE FROM MERIDIAN
TO NATCHEZ. THIS WILL BE A DANGEROUS SITUATION AND FLOODING WILL BE
CONCERN AS WELL.

SCATTERED TO NUMEROUS SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF LARGE
HAIL...DAMAGING WINDS...A FEW TORNADOES...AND FLOODING RAINFALL ARE
EXPECTED DURING THE MIDDAY TO AFTERNOON HOURS ON TUESDAY.

(WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=3)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY

THE PROBABILITY FOR WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS LOW.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER
OPERATIONS MAY BE NEEDED FOR PORTIONS OF THE REGION TUESDAY.

22

&&

...HAZARD LEGEND...

*TORNADOES*
EXTREME...CONFIDENT IN STRONG TORNADOES WITH RATINGS EF2 OR
 GREATER.
HIGH...STRONG TORNADOES POSSIBLE WITH RATINGS EF2 OR GREATER.
ELEVATED...CONFIDENT IN TORNADOES.
LIMITED...TORNADOES POSSIBLE.

*SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS*
EXTREME...CONFIDENT IN SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH WIND GUSTS OF
 75 MPH OR GREATER AND/OR 2 INCH DIAMETER OR LARGER HAIL.
HIGH...SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS POSSIBLE WITH WIND GUSTS OF 75 MPH
 OR GREATER AND/OR 2 INCH DIAMETER OR LARGER HAIL.
ELEVATED...CONFIDENT IN SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH WINDS GUSTS OF
 60 MPH OR GREATER AND/OR 1 INCH DIAMETER OR LARGER HAIL.
LIMITED...SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS POSSIBLE WITH WIND GUSTS OF 60
 MPH OR GREATER AND/OR 1 INCH DIAMETER OR LARGER HAIL.

*FLOODING*
EXTREME...CONFIDENT IN SIGNIFICANT FLOODING.
HIGH...SIGNIFICANT FLOODING POSSIBLE.
ELEVATED...CONFIDENT IN FLOODING.
LIMITED...FLOODING POSSIBLE.

...USEFUL WEATHER WEB PAGES (URLS)...

NWS JAN HOME PAGE...
   WWW.WEATHER.GOV/JAN
STAY AWARE, STAY SAFE NWS JAN BRIEFING PAGE...
   WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/JAN/?N=SAFE
FIND NWS JAN ON FACEBOOK...
   WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/US.NATIONALWEATHERSERVICE.JACKSONMS.GOV
FOLLOW NWS JAN ON TWITTER...
   @NWSJACKSONMS

...ADDITIONAL URLS FOR SEVERE WEATHER ISSUES...

STORM PREDICTION CENTER (SPC)...
   WWW.SPC.NOAA.GOV/
SPC...MESO ANALYSIS...
   WWW.SPC.NOAA.GOV/EXPER/MESOANALYSIS/NEW/#
SPC...DAY 1 THROUGH 3 OUTLOOKS...
   WWW.SPC.NOAA.GOV/PRODUCTS/OUTLOOK/
SPC...STORM REPORTS...
   WWW.SPC.NOAA.GOV/CLIMO/
NWS JAN CURRENT SVR/TOR WATCHES...
   WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/RTIMAGES/JAN/WATCH/TOASVA.PNG

...ADDITIONAL URLS FOR FLOODING ISSUES...

LOWER MISSISSIPPI RIVER RFC HOME PAGE...
   WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/LMRFC/
NWS SIGNIFICANT RIVER FLOOD OUTLOOK...
   WWW.HPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/NATIONALFLOODOUTLOOK/INDEX.HTML
WPC DAY 1 THROUGH 3 EXCESSIVE RAINFALL...
   WWW.HPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/EXCESS_RAIN.SHTML
WPC EXCESSIVE RAINFALL DISCUSSION...
   WWW.HPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/DISCUSSIONS/QPFERD.HTML
WPC DAY 1 THROUGH 7 QPF...
   WWW.HPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/QPF/QPF2.SHTML
WPC QPF DISCUSSION...
   WWW.HPC.NCEP.NOAA.GOV/DISCUSSIONS/QPFHSD.HTML
NWS JAN OBSERVED PRECIPITATION IMAGES...
   WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/JAN/?N=PRECIPMAPS

   PLEASE CONVERT ALL WEB ADDRESSES TO LOWER CASE BEFORE ENTERING!

In the hours before

Local storm report, Apr 29, 2:24 AM CDT, 20 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
224 AM CDT TUE APR 29 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0703 PM     TSTM WND DMG     NEWTON                  32.32N 89.16W
04/28/2014                   NEWTON             MS   EMERGENCY MNGR

            LARGE TREE ON A HOUSE ALONG MAIN ST

&&

CME
Local storm report, Apr 29, 2:29 AM CDT, 15 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...CORRECTED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
229 AM CDT TUE APR 29 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0540 PM     TSTM WND DMG     1 N CRAWFORD            33.32N 88.62W
04/28/2014                   LOWNDES            MS   EMERGENCY MNGR

            18 WHEELER OVER-TURNED ON HIGHWAY 45 ALTERNATE

&&

DL
Local storm report, Apr 29, 2:31 AM CDT, 13 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...CORRECTED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
231 AM CDT TUE APR 29 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0558 PM     TORNADO          3 SSE BENT OAK          33.40N 88.52W
04/28/2014                   LOWNDES            MS   EMERGENCY MNGR

            SPRINGFIELD MB CHURCH ON HIGHWAY 45 DESTROYED. POWERLINES
            WERE ALSO DOWN.

&&

DL
Local storm report, Apr 29, 2:35 AM CDT, 9 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...CORRECTED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
235 AM CDT TUE APR 29 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0605 PM     TORNADO          3 NE ANNANDALE          32.55N 90.16W
04/28/2014                   MADISON            MS   EMERGENCY MNGR

            TREES AND POWER LINES DOWNED AND ROOF DAMAGE TO SOME
            HOMES IN THE LAKE CAROLINE AREA

&&

DL
Local storm report, Apr 29, 2:37 AM CDT, 7 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...CORRECTED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
237 AM CDT TUE APR 29 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0602 PM     TORNADO          7 SW COLUMBUS           33.43N 88.49W
04/28/2014                   LOWNDES            MS   BROADCAST MEDIA

            MULTIPLE TREES AND POWER POLES SNAPPED.

0603 PM     TORNADO          6 SW COLUMBUS           33.44N 88.48W
04/28/2014                   LOWNDES            MS   TRAINED SPOTTER

            MANY TREES AND POWER LINES DOWN

&&

DL
Local storm report, Apr 29, 2:40 AM CDT, 4 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
240 AM CDT TUE APR 29 2014

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0925 PM     HAIL             SOSO                    31.75N 89.28W
04/28/2014  E1.00 INCH       JONES              MS   EMERGENCY MNGR

&&

CME

The office that day

Everything else NWS Jackson, MS issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 28, 7:03 PM CDTTornado WarningJANCopiah, Simpson57 min
Apr 28, 7:08 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningJANAttala, Leake, Madison, Rankin, Scott2 hr
Apr 28, 7:21 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANNoxubee39 min
Apr 28, 7:34 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANKemper, Neshoba41 min
Apr 28, 7:36 PM CDTTornado WarningJANNoxubee54 min
Apr 28, 7:37 PM CDTTornado WarningJANNewton, Scott53 min
Apr 28, 7:38 PM CDTTornado WarningJANRankin37 min
Apr 28, 7:53 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANCopiah, Hinds, Rankin, Simpson52 min
Apr 28, 7:54 PM CDTTornado WarningJANKemper, Neshoba66 min
Apr 28, 8:06 PM CDTTornado WarningJANJasper, Newton, Scott, Smith54 min
Apr 28, 8:16 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningJANLauderdale, Newton, Scott4 hr
Apr 28, 8:23 PM CDTRiver Flood WarningJANAttala3 days
Apr 28, 8:23 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANCovington, Jefferson Davis, Simpson, Smith67 min
Apr 28, 8:23 PM CDTTornado Warning Tornado observedJANKemper, Lauderdale, Newton67 min
Apr 28, 8:38 PM CDTAreal Flood WarningJANWinston12 hr
Apr 28, 8:39 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANCovington, Jefferson Davis51 min
Apr 28, 8:43 PM CDTTornado WarningJANJasper, Smith62 min
Apr 28, 8:53 PM CDTTornado WarningJANLauderdale52 min
Apr 28, 9:06 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANCopiah, Simpson39 min
Apr 28, 9:10 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANJones65 min
Apr 28, 9:36 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANCovington, Jones, Smith39 min
Apr 28, 9:39 PM CDTTornado WarningJANClarke, Jasper, Jones66 min
Apr 28, 9:50 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANJones55 min
Apr 28, 10:03 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningJANCovington, Jones4 hr
Apr 28, 10:04 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningJANClarke, Jasper, Smith4 hr
Apr 28, 11:00 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANJones60 min
Apr 28, 11:13 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANForrest, Lamar, Marion77 min
Apr 28, 11:30 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningJANForrest, Lamar, Marion4 hr
Apr 29, 4:26 AM CDTFlash Flood WatchJANClarke, Clay, Covington, Forrest, Jasper, Jones and 10 more15 hr
Apr 29, 2:23 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementJANFranklin32 min
Apr 29, 2:33 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANMadison42 min
Apr 29, 3:01 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANLawrence, Lincoln44 min
Apr 29, 3:10 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANLeake, Madison, Rankin, Scott65 min
Apr 29, 3:47 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementJANRankin, Scott28 min
Apr 29, 3:50 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANLeake, Neshoba, Winston55 min
Apr 29, 3:53 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementJANOktibbeha47 min
Apr 29, 4:07 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANOktibbeha, Winston38 min
Apr 29, 4:15 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementJANScott40 min
Apr 29, 4:31 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANNeshoba29 min
Apr 29, 4:37 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANLawrence, Lincoln38 min
Apr 29, 4:48 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementJANKemper62 min
Apr 29, 4:50 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementJANNeshoba60 min
Apr 29, 4:53 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningJANKemper, Leake, Neshoba4 hr
Apr 29, 5:07 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANJefferson Davis, Lawrence53 min
Apr 29, 5:14 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningJANLowndes2 hr
Apr 29, 5:20 PM CDTTornado WarningJANJefferson Davis, Lawrence55 min
Apr 29, 5:23 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementJANLincoln42 min
Apr 29, 5:37 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningJANKemper, Noxubee4 hr
Apr 29, 5:42 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANRankin, Scott, Smith48 min
Apr 29, 5:52 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementJANNeshoba43 min
Apr 29, 5:53 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANCovington67 min
Apr 29, 6:17 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementJANLauderdale58 min

Nearby

River Flood Warnings in Mississippi, 2014Every river flood warning in 2014

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive; the gauge from the NWS water service and the USGS.