Alert archive / Kentucky / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2012
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 79, NWS Louisville, KY
NWS Louisville, KY issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Feb 29, 2012, 2:53 PM CST for Clinton County, Kentucky. It was in force for 22 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued.
The facts
- Issued
- Feb 29, 2012, 2:53 PM CST (20:53 UTC)
- Expired
- Feb 29, 2012, 3:15 PM CST
- In force
- 22 min
- Issued by
- NWS Louisville, KY
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Hail
- 1.0 in
- Wind
- 60.0 mph
County Clinton County, KY
The radar
The Nashville radar (KOHX), 140 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:56 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
Did it verify
Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The watch it was issued in
The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Feb 29, 11:31 AM CST | Tornado Watch | SPC | 8 hr |
The nearest sounding before it
Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), launched 12:00Z, 8.9 hours before the alert went out and 148 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 580 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -25 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 510 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 61 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 365 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 485 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 1.9
- Supercell composite
- 8.5
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
245
WUUS53 KLMK 292053
SVRLMK
KYC053-292130-
/O.NEW.KLMK.SV.W.0079.120229T2053Z-120229T2130Z/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
253 PM CST WED FEB 29 2012
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN LOUISVILLE HAS ISSUED A
* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
SOUTHERN CLINTON COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL KENTUCKY...
* UNTIL 330 PM CST
* AT 250 PM CST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE HAIL...AND
DAMAGING WINDS UP TO 60 MPH. THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR
SHIPLEY...MOVING EAST AT 60 MPH.
* THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL ALSO IMPACT...
ALBANY...
ROLAN AND SAVAGE...
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR THE WARNED AREA.
EXCESSIVE LIGHTNING IS OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM. MOVE INDOORS
IMMEDIATELY! STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS.
&&
LAT...LON 3662 8529 3667 8528 3675 8501 3670 8502
3668 8500 3665 8499 3663 8500 3662 8498
3661 8498
TIME...MOT...LOC 2053Z 255DEG 55KT 3664 8514
WIND...HAIL 60MPH 1.00IN
$$
AL2 follow-up statements
777
WWUS53 KLMK 292107
SVSLMK
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
307 PM CST WED FEB 29 2012
KYC053-292130-
/O.CON.KLMK.SV.W.0079.000000T0000Z-120229T2130Z/
CLINTON KY-
307 PM CST WED FEB 29 2012
...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 330 PM CST
FOR SOUTHEASTERN CLINTON COUNTY...
AT 304 PM CST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE
HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS UP TO 60 MPH. THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR
ROLAN...MOVING EAST AT 60 MPH.
* THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL ALSO IMPACT...
MAINLY RURAL AREAS OF SOUTHEASTERN CLINTON COUNTY NEAR LAKE
CUMBERLAND.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR THE WARNED AREA.
TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER...CONTACT YOUR NEAREST LAW ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY. THEY WILL RELAY YOUR REPORT TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE
IN LOUISVILLE.
&&
LAT...LON 3661 8512 3669 8512 3670 8502 3668 8500
3665 8499 3663 8500 3662 8498 3661 8498
TIME...MOT...LOC 2106Z 255DEG 55KT 3666 8492
WIND...HAIL 60MPH 1.00IN
$$
AL021
WWUS53 KLMK 292115
SVSLMK
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
315 PM CST WED FEB 29 2012
KYC053-292125-
/O.CAN.KLMK.SV.W.0079.000000T0000Z-120229T2130Z/
CLINTON KY-
315 PM CST WED FEB 29 2012
...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR SOUTHEASTERN CLINTON COUNTY IS
CANCELLED...
THE STORMS THAT PROMPTED THE WARNING HAVE MOVED OUT OF THE WARNED
AREA.
TO REPORT ANY HAIL RECEIVED TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE...CALL
TOLL FREE AT...1...8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2...WHEN YOU CAN DO SO
SAFELY.
LAT...LON 3661 8512 3669 8512 3670 8502 3668 8500
3665 8499 3663 8500 3662 8498 3661 8498
TIME...MOT...LOC 2115Z 255DEG 55KT 3643 8468
$$
ALWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Louisville, KY wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Feb 29, 2:20 PM CST, 33 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Feb 29, 2:20 PM CST, 33 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY 320 PM EST WED FEB 29 2012 .Short Term (Tonight through Thursday Night)... Updated at 320 PM EST Feb 29 2012 Strong/severe convection continues across portions of the southeast forecast area this afternoon. Strongest cells are down in Russell county with additional storms coming into our far SE counties out of Tennessee. Cold front/dry line is surging toward the I-65 corridor. It is pushing through the Louisville metro area right now as KSDF's dewpoint went down over 6 degrees C in the last hour. The boundary is also pushing through Ft. Knox with their dewpoint dropping 7 degrees in the last hour. This boundary will continue to the east and additional convective development will be possible this afternoon in areas east of this boundary. With that, the severe threat is likely over for all of southern Indiana. Additional convection is firing behind the main line of convection...mainly just east of I-65. This activity will also push east this afternoon. Shear profiles are still quite favorable for severe weather. However, instability is lacking due to the atmosphere being a bit worked over. Nonetheless, plan on keeping high PoPs in our central and eastern sections for the remainder of the afternoon. Given the large scale environment, will also keep the Tornado Watch intact, but if development fails to start, then will start trimming the watch as required. Surface dewpoint boundary will quickly surge east this evening and end the convective threat. Skies will become clear this evening and into the overnight hours. With clear skies and slackening winds, temperatures should fall into the upper 30s to lower 40s across the region. Given the recent rains, we may end up having some fog development if the winds slacken off considerably. High pressure will slide eastward through the region on Thursday resulting mostly sunny skies and cool temperatures. Adjusted temperatures down slightly based on the latest guidance. Highs will range from the upper 50s in the north to the lower-mid 60s across southern KY. The high will quickly move off to the east Thursday night and a warm front will approach from the southwest. This warm front, along with an increasing low-level jet coming up from the southwest will likely result in skies becoming cloudy from southwest to northeast. The latest short-term models suggest that convection will likely develop along this boundary late Thursday night and early Friday morning. Currently, the highest chances of precipitation would be across our southwestern sections with the timing generally after midnight. Will go ahead and adjust PoPs up across the southwest a bit with this update. Some of the storms could be on the strong side with large hail and damaging winds being the primary threats. Lows will not drop off all that much Thursday night with lows only cooling into the lower 50s in the southwest with lower 40s in the northeast. .Long Term (Friday through Wednesday)... Updated at 250 PM EST Feb 29 2012 ...Another Severe Weather Outbreak Possible Friday and Friday Night... Latest model data continue to indicate the strong possibility of active and hazardous weather for the Friday and Friday night period. In the synoptic view, surface low is forecast to strengthen as it moves out of Missouri and into the western Great Lakes by Friday night. As this occurs, the models show a very strong jet stream nosing around the base of a progressive positive tilt trough. The models are a bit stronger with the jet streak as it passes just northwest of the region...placing us effectively in the favorable right entrance region. At the surface, a surface warm front will likely be located just to the southwest of the region Friday morning. This front will quickly push to the north courtesy of a strong nocturnal low-level jet axis. Strong theta-E advection along with isentropic lift associated with the low-level jet will likely some elevation convection along and just ahead of the warm front. This convection could be severe with large hail some damaging winds being possible. However, the extent of severe is a bit unknown since the low-level surface air will likely remain fairly stable. After the front pushes northward...we will get warm-sectored and should see a rapid increase in both temperature and dewpoints. Secondary and more widespread severe weather outbreak looks increasingly likely Friday afternoon and evening as a very strong surface cold front pushes in from the west. The latest deterministic and ensemble wind profiles suggest a combination of strong speed and directional shear with proximity soundings showing large/curved hodographs. Bulk shear is quite impressive and supportive of strong convection capable of all severe weather modes. In general, the NAM-WRF and SREF solutions are a bit more aggressive than the GFS solutions in the instability department. Despite the anticipated cloud cover, temperatures in the low-level warm air advection scheme should allow temperatures to warm into the lower 70s. This, combined with dewpoints in the upper 50s to lower 60s should result in a decent amount of instability. Given the combination of shear profiles and instability forecast by the NAM-WRF and SREF probabilistic forecasts...a rather large regional severe outbreak seems likely. Initial mode of convection could generally be discrete cells capable of all modes of severe weather including damaging winds, hail, and tornadoes. It does appear that the directional shear will become more speed based shear which probably will result in convection becoming quasi-linear in nature as the night goes on. Surface cold front still looks to push through the region late Friday night ending convection quickly from west to east. High pressure looks to quickly build into the region for Saturday...along with cooler temperatures. A quick moving system still looks to come down the pike on Sunday. Thermal profiles are still on the cold side with a rain/sleet mix being possible. Overall, the models are just a bit warmer on this set of runs...so plan on leaving things as liquid for now. Dry conditions look to return by Sunday night, followed by dry conditions into early next week. Another strong storm system is likely to affect the region by midweek...possibly bringing another round of strong/severe convection with it. Previous forecast of temperatures still looks pretty good here and I've only done a slight adjustment here and there. Highs in the 40s/50s look good for Sat/Sun/Mon with 60s returning by Tuesday and Wednesday. Overnight lows in the upper 20s/lower 30s look pretty good over the weekend with a slight moderation into early next week. && .Aviation (18Z TAF Issuance)... Updated at 1142 AM EST Feb 29 2012 Surface cold front is still to the west of the region this afternoon. Front looks to be crossing into western KY at this time. Pre-frontal band of convection continues well ahead of the approaching front. Convection will be possible across the region this afternoon until the front passes on by. All the terminals are likely to see showers and storms in the vicinity through the afternoon hours. Current thinking is that BWG and KLEX will likely see the most activity while KSDF probably will see more scattered convection. Southwest winds 10 to 20 knots will be common with gusts of 30kts being possible through the afternoon. Winds will shift to the west and eventually northwest after the front goes through late this afternoon and evening. Local thunderstorms that affect the terminals could produce winds in excess of 40kts. && .LMK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... IN...NONE. KY...NONE. Short Term.......MJ Long Term........MJ Aviation.........MJ
Hazardous weather outlook, Feb 29, 2:37 PM CST, 16 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY 337 PM EST WED FEB 29 2012 INZ076>079-083-084-089>092-KYZ023>043-045>049-053>057-061>067- 070>078-081-082-010900- ORANGE IN-WASHINGTON IN-SCOTT IN-JEFFERSON IN-DUBOIS IN- CRAWFORD IN-PERRY IN-HARRISON IN-FLOYD IN-CLARK IN-HANCOCK KY- BRECKINRIDGE KY-MEADE KY-OHIO KY-GRAYSON KY-HARDIN KY-BULLITT KY- JEFFERSON KY-OLDHAM KY-TRIMBLE KY-HENRY KY-SHELBY KY-FRANKLIN KY- SCOTT KY-HARRISON KY-SPENCER KY-ANDERSON KY-WOODFORD KY- FAYETTE KY-BOURBON KY-NICHOLAS KY-NELSON KY-WASHINGTON KY- MERCER KY-JESSAMINE KY-CLARK KY-LARUE KY-MARION KY-BOYLE KY- GARRARD KY-MADISON KY-BUTLER KY-EDMONSON KY-HART KY-GREEN KY- TAYLOR KY-CASEY KY-LINCOLN KY-LOGAN KY-WARREN KY-SIMPSON KY- ALLEN KY-BARREN KY-MONROE KY-METCALFE KY-ADAIR KY-RUSSELL KY- CUMBERLAND KY-CLINTON KY- 337 PM EST WED FEB 29 2012 /237 PM CST WED FEB 29 2012/ THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTH CENTRAL INDIANA AND CENTRAL KENTUCKY. .DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT. A STRONG COLD FRONT WILL PUSH EASTWARD THROUGH THE REGION THIS AFTERNOON. SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WILL ACCOMPANY THIS FRONT AS IT PUSHES TROUGH THE REGION. SOME OF THESE STORMS COULD BE STRONG TO SEVERE WITH DAMAGING WINDS...LARGE HAIL AND ISOLATED TORNADOES. THE GREATEST THREAT OF SEVERE WEATHER IS SOUTH AND EAST OF A LINE FROM BEAVER DAM TO WINCHESTER KENTUCKY. THE SEVERE WEATHER IS EXPECTED TO BE OVER WITH BY THE TIME WE GET TO SUNSET THIS EVENING. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY. THE LATEST WEATHER DATA SUGGESTS THAT ANOTHER LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM WILL DEEPEN RAPIDLY AS IT MOVES FROM MISSOURI NORTHEASTWARD INTO THE WESTERN GREAT LAKES. STRONG TO SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE LIKELY TO DEVELOP DURING THE DAY ON FRIDAY AND CONTINUE INTO FRIDAY EVENING AS THE COLD FRONT PUSHES THROUGH THE REGION FROM WEST TO EAST. AT THIS TIME...THE MAIN SEVERE WEATHER THREATS WILL BE DAMAGING WINDS...LARGE HAIL AND ISOLATED TORNADOES. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS REQUESTED TODAY. WEATHER SPOTTERS AND EMERGENCY MANAGERS SHOULD REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE. SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS LIKELY AGAIN ON FRIDAY. MJ
In the hours before
Local storm report, Feb 29, 1:51 PM CST, 1 hour 2 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
251 PM EST WED FEB 29 2012
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0240 PM HAIL ARGYLE 37.22N 84.82W
02/29/2012 M1.00 INCH CASEY KY PUBLIC
SAW WALL CLOUD...ESTIMATED 65 MPH WINDS
&&
EVENT NUMBER LMK1200158
CMCLocal storm report, Feb 29, 2:04 PM CST, 49 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
304 PM EST WED FEB 29 2012
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0223 PM TSTM WND DMG 6 NE RUSSELL SPRINGS 37.11N 85.00W
02/29/2012 RUSSELL KY EMERGENCY MNGR
TREES AND POWER LINES DOWN AND DEBRIS IN ROADS JUST
NORTH OF SYCAMORE FLAT.
&&
EVENT NUMBER LMK1200159
EERLocal storm report, Feb 29, 2:06 PM CST, 47 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...SUMMARY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
306 PM EST WED FEB 29 2012
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0808 AM HAIL CENTERTOWN 37.42N 87.00W
02/29/2012 E1.75 INCH OHIO KY TRAINED SPOTTER
0808 AM TSTM WND DMG 4 SW BRANDENBURG 37.96N 86.23W
02/29/2012 MEADE KY TRAINED SPOTTER
A SPOTTER ESTIMATED 60 MPH WINDS. SEVERAL LARGE
BRANCHES WERE DOWNED.
0820 AM TSTM WND DMG BRANDENBURG 38.00N 86.18W
02/29/2012 MEADE KY FIRE DEPT/RESCUE
METAL SHED DESTROYED.
0822 AM TSTM WND DMG CHARLESTOWN 38.45N 85.67W
02/29/2012 CLARK IN EMERGENCY MNGR
MINOR ROOF DAMGE AT CHARLESTOWN MIDDLE SCHOOL
0835 AM TSTM WND GST GOSHEN 38.41N 85.59W
02/29/2012 E60 MPH OLDHAM KY TRAINED SPOTTER
0845 AM TSTM WND DMG BUCKNER 38.38N 85.43W
02/29/2012 OLDHAM KY AMATEUR RADIO
LIMBS DOWN ACROSS KY 339
0921 AM HAIL LEITCHFIELD 37.48N 86.29W
02/29/2012 M0.88 INCH GRAYSON KY TRAINED SPOTTER
0926 AM HAIL LEITCHFIELD 37.48N 86.29W
02/29/2012 M1.75 INCH GRAYSON KY TRAINED SPOTTER
0933 AM HAIL SHORT CREEK 37.53N 86.48W
02/29/2012 M0.70 INCH GRAYSON KY PUBLIC
0938 AM TSTM WND DMG 6 N MADISON 38.84N 85.38W
02/29/2012 JEFFERSON IN BROADCAST MEDIA
TREE FELL OVER US 421 BLOCKING HIGHWAY
0950 AM HAIL BIG CLIFTY 37.55N 86.15W
02/29/2012 M1.00 INCH GRAYSON KY TRAINED SPOTTER
1004 AM FUNNEL CLOUD 3 E ELIZABETHTOWN 37.70N 85.82W
02/29/2012 HARDIN KY LAW ENFORCEMENT
MOVING TOWARD VALLEY CREEK...NELSONVILLE
1008 AM TSTM WND DMG 2 E ELIZABETHTOWN 37.70N 85.84W
02/29/2012 HARDIN KY FIRE DEPT/RESCUE
POWER LINES AND HOUSE DAMAGED ALONG KY 210
1008 AM TSTM WND DMG 2 E ELIZABETHTOWN 37.70N 85.84W
02/29/2012 HARDIN KY TRAINED SPOTTER
FACTORY DAMAGE NEAR INTERSECTION OF KY 210 AND US 31W.
1008 AM TSTM WND DMG 2 SE ELIZABETHTOWN 37.68N 85.85W
02/29/2012 HARDIN KY TRAINED SPOTTER
MOBILE HOMES DESTROYED ALONG KY 210
1008 AM TSTM WND DMG 2 SE ELIZABETHTOWN 37.68N 85.85W
02/29/2012 HARDIN KY EMERGENCY MNGR
HARRY OWEN TRUCKING HEAVILY DAMAGED NEAR KY 210.
1008 AM TORNADO 2 SE ELIZABETHTOWN 37.68N 85.85W
02/29/2012 HARDIN KY EMERGENCY MNGR
SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE TO HOMES AND BUSINESSES. SURVEY TEAM
AT SITE.
1052 AM TSTM WND DMG CLARKSON 37.49N 86.22W
02/29/2012 GRAYSON KY AMATEUR RADIO
HOUSE DAMAGED
1053 AM HAIL BIG CLIFTY 37.55N 86.15W
02/29/2012 M1.00 INCH GRAYSON KY TRAINED SPOTTER
1058 AM TSTM WND DMG MILLERSTOWN 37.44N 86.06W
02/29/2012 GRAYSON KY TRAINED SPOTTER
WOMAN TRAPPED IN DAMAGED HOME
1058 AM TSTM WND DMG CLARKSON 37.49N 86.22W
02/29/2012 GRAYSON KY FIRE DEPT/RESCUE
3 OR 4 HOUSES AND BARNS HEAVILY DAMAGED ALONG KY 224
1118 AM TORNADO HODGENVILLE 37.57N 85.74W
02/29/2012 LARUE KY COUNTY OFFICIAL
DEBRIS AND FUNNEL SEEN NEAR FAIRGROUNDS
1118 AM TSTM WND DMG 1 E HODGENVILLE 37.57N 85.72W
02/29/2012 LARUE KY COUNTY OFFICIAL
HOUSE DESTROYED ON STILES FORD ROAD AND KY 210
1118 AM TSTM WND DMG 1 S HODGENVILLE 37.55N 85.74W
02/29/2012 LARUE KY PUBLIC
SEVERAL HOMES DESTROYED NEAR US HIGHWAY 31E
1244 PM HAIL REDHOUSE 37.83N 84.27W
02/29/2012 M1.75 INCH MADISON KY EMERGENCY MNGR
0111 PM HAIL MONROE 37.23N 85.70W
02/29/2012 M1.00 INCH HART KY TRAINED SPOTTER
0115 PM TSTM WND GST BOWLING GREEN 36.97N 86.44W
02/29/2012 E60 MPH WARREN KY TRAINED SPOTTER
AT WKU CAMPUS
0116 PM FLASH FLOOD 5 E RHODA 37.15N 86.14W
02/29/2012 EDMONSON KY EMERGENCY MNGR
EDMONSON COUNTY EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT REPORTED WATER
OVER STATE HIGHWAY 743 NEAR CHALYBEATE.
0121 PM HAIL SMITHS GROVE 37.05N 86.21W
02/29/2012 M0.70 INCH WARREN KY EMERGENCY MNGR
A LARGE AMOUNT OF DIME SIZED HAIL COVERING THE GROUND.
ESTIMATED WINDS OF 45 TO 50 MPH.
0145 PM HAIL 4 SW CENTER 37.09N 85.73W
02/29/2012 M1.00 INCH METCALFE KY TRAINED SPOTTER
0148 PM FLASH FLOOD BOWLING GREEN 36.97N 86.44W
02/29/2012 WARREN KY BROADCAST MEDIA
WESTEN AVE AND ASHLEY CIRCLE FLOODED
0155 PM FLASH FLOOD GREENSBURG 37.26N 85.50W
02/29/2012 GREEN KY EMERGENCY MNGR
CITY EMERGANCY MANAGEMENT REPORTED TWO ROADS CLOSED DUE
TO FLOODING. THEY WERE BLUFF BOONE AND GOOSE CREEK
ROADS. RADAR ESTIMATED THAT AROUND 2 INCHES FELL WITHIN
2 HOURS.
0222 PM HAIL 5 NW RUSSELL SPRINGS 37.10N 85.14W
02/29/2012 M1.00 INCH ADAIR KY EMERGENCY MNGR
ONE INCH HAIL REPORTED ALONG STATE HIGHWAY 127 5 MILES
NORTHWEST OF RUSSELL SPRINGS. ALSO...DEBRIS WAS
REPORTED. RADAR INDICATED A VERY STRONG CIRCULATION.
0223 PM TSTM WND DMG 6 NE RUSSELL SPRINGS 37.11N 85.00W
02/29/2012 RUSSELL KY EMERGENCY MNGR
TREES AND POWER LINES DOWN AND DEBRIS IN ROADS JUST
NORTH OF SYCAMORE FLAT.
0240 PM HAIL ARGYLE 37.22N 84.82W
02/29/2012 M1.00 INCH CASEY KY PUBLIC
SAW WALL CLOUD...ESTIMATED 65 MPH WINDS
0241 PM TSTM WND DMG 5 N RUSSELL SPRINGS 37.12N 85.08W
02/29/2012 RUSSELL KY BROADCAST MEDIA
TREES...POWER LINES DOWN NEAR WEBBS CROSSROAD NEAR KY
127
0241 PM HAIL 5 S LIBERTY 37.25N 84.93W
02/29/2012 M1.00 INCH CASEY KY EMERGENCY MNGR
SOUTH FORK RIDGE ROAD 910 NEAR KY 127
&&
EVENT NUMBER LMK1200122 LMK1200123 LMK1200125 LMK1200151 LMK1200124
LMK1200126 LMK1200127 LMK1200128 LMK1200130 LMK1200129 LMK1200131
LMK1200133 LMK1200134 LMK1200135 LMK1200136 LMK1200137 LMK1200153
LMK1200142 LMK1200138 LMK1200139 LMK1200143 LMK1200140 LMK1200141
LMK1200144 LMK1200145 LMK1200147 LMK1200154 LMK1200152 LMK1200146
LMK1200149 LMK1200148 LMK1200150 LMK1200155 LMK1200159 LMK1200158
LMK1200156 LMK1200157
SZAPPANOSLocal storm report, Feb 29, 2:24 PM CST, 29 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...CORRECTED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
324 PM EST WED FEB 29 2012
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0956 AM TORNADO 2 SE ELIZABETHTOWN 37.68N 85.85W
02/29/2012 HARDIN KY EMERGENCY MNGR
SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE TO HOMES AND BUSINESSES. EF-2 DAMAGE
HAS BEEN CONFIRMED BY A SURVEY TEAM.
&&
CORRECTED EVENT TIME...REMARKS
EVENT NUMBER LMK1200153
EERLocal storm report, Feb 29, 2:32 PM CST, 21 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT...SUMMARY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
332 PM EST WED FEB 29 2012
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0808 AM HAIL CENTERTOWN 37.42N 87.00W
02/29/2012 E1.75 INCH OHIO KY TRAINED SPOTTER
0808 AM TSTM WND DMG 4 SW BRANDENBURG 37.96N 86.23W
02/29/2012 MEADE KY TRAINED SPOTTER
A SPOTTER ESTIMATED 60 MPH WINDS. SEVERAL LARGE
BRANCHES WERE DOWNED.
0820 AM TSTM WND DMG BRANDENBURG 38.00N 86.18W
02/29/2012 MEADE KY FIRE DEPT/RESCUE
METAL SHED DESTROYED.
0822 AM TSTM WND DMG CHARLESTOWN 38.45N 85.67W
02/29/2012 CLARK IN EMERGENCY MNGR
MINOR ROOF DAMGE AT CHARLESTOWN MIDDLE SCHOOL
0835 AM TSTM WND GST GOSHEN 38.41N 85.59W
02/29/2012 E60 MPH OLDHAM KY TRAINED SPOTTER
0845 AM TSTM WND DMG BUCKNER 38.38N 85.43W
02/29/2012 OLDHAM KY AMATEUR RADIO
LIMBS DOWN ACROSS KY 339
0921 AM HAIL LEITCHFIELD 37.48N 86.29W
02/29/2012 M0.88 INCH GRAYSON KY TRAINED SPOTTER
0926 AM HAIL LEITCHFIELD 37.48N 86.29W
02/29/2012 M1.75 INCH GRAYSON KY TRAINED SPOTTER
0933 AM HAIL SHORT CREEK 37.53N 86.48W
02/29/2012 M0.70 INCH GRAYSON KY PUBLIC
0938 AM TSTM WND DMG 6 N MADISON 38.84N 85.38W
02/29/2012 JEFFERSON IN BROADCAST MEDIA
TREE FELL OVER US 421 BLOCKING HIGHWAY
0950 AM HAIL BIG CLIFTY 37.55N 86.15W
02/29/2012 M1.00 INCH GRAYSON KY TRAINED SPOTTER
0956 AM TORNADO 2 SE ELIZABETHTOWN 37.68N 85.85W
02/29/2012 HARDIN KY EMERGENCY MNGR
SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE TO HOMES AND BUSINESSES. EF-2 DAMAGE
HAS BEEN CONFIRMED BY A SURVEY TEAM.
1004 AM FUNNEL CLOUD 3 E ELIZABETHTOWN 37.70N 85.82W
02/29/2012 HARDIN KY LAW ENFORCEMENT
MOVING TOWARD VALLEY CREEK...NELSONVILLE
1008 AM TSTM WND DMG 2 E ELIZABETHTOWN 37.70N 85.84W
02/29/2012 HARDIN KY FIRE DEPT/RESCUE
POWER LINES AND HOUSE DAMAGED ALONG KY 210
1008 AM TSTM WND DMG 2 E ELIZABETHTOWN 37.70N 85.84W
02/29/2012 HARDIN KY TRAINED SPOTTER
FACTORY DAMAGE NEAR INTERSECTION OF KY 210 AND US 31W.
1008 AM TSTM WND DMG 2 SE ELIZABETHTOWN 37.68N 85.85W
02/29/2012 HARDIN KY TRAINED SPOTTER
MOBILE HOMES DESTROYED ALONG KY 210
1008 AM TSTM WND DMG 2 SE ELIZABETHTOWN 37.68N 85.85W
02/29/2012 HARDIN KY EMERGENCY MNGR
HARRY OWEN TRUCKING HEAVILY DAMAGED NEAR KY 210.
1052 AM TSTM WND DMG CLARKSON 37.49N 86.22W
02/29/2012 GRAYSON KY AMATEUR RADIO
HOUSE DAMAGED
1053 AM HAIL BIG CLIFTY 37.55N 86.15W
02/29/2012 M1.00 INCH GRAYSON KY TRAINED SPOTTER
1058 AM TSTM WND DMG MILLERSTOWN 37.44N 86.06W
02/29/2012 GRAYSON KY TRAINED SPOTTER
WOMAN TRAPPED IN DAMAGED HOME
1058 AM TSTM WND DMG CLARKSON 37.49N 86.22W
02/29/2012 GRAYSON KY FIRE DEPT/RESCUE
3 OR 4 HOUSES AND BARNS HEAVILY DAMAGED ALONG KY 224
1118 AM TORNADO HODGENVILLE 37.57N 85.74W
02/29/2012 LARUE KY COUNTY OFFICIAL
DEBRIS AND FUNNEL SEEN NEAR FAIRGROUNDS
1118 AM TSTM WND DMG 1 E HODGENVILLE 37.57N 85.72W
02/29/2012 LARUE KY COUNTY OFFICIAL
HOUSE DESTROYED ON STILES FORD ROAD AND KY 210
1118 AM TSTM WND DMG 1 S HODGENVILLE 37.55N 85.74W
02/29/2012 LARUE KY PUBLIC
SEVERAL HOMES DESTROYED NEAR US HIGHWAY 31E
1244 PM HAIL REDHOUSE 37.83N 84.27W
02/29/2012 M1.75 INCH MADISON KY EMERGENCY MNGR
0111 PM HAIL MONROE 37.23N 85.70W
02/29/2012 M1.00 INCH HART KY TRAINED SPOTTER
0115 PM TSTM WND GST BOWLING GREEN 36.97N 86.44W
02/29/2012 E60 MPH WARREN KY TRAINED SPOTTER
AT WKU CAMPUS
0116 PM FLASH FLOOD 5 E RHODA 37.15N 86.14W
02/29/2012 EDMONSON KY EMERGENCY MNGR
EDMONSON COUNTY EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT REPORTED WATER
OVER STATE HIGHWAY 743 NEAR CHALYBEATE.
0121 PM HAIL SMITHS GROVE 37.05N 86.21W
02/29/2012 M0.70 INCH WARREN KY EMERGENCY MNGR
A LARGE AMOUNT OF DIME SIZED HAIL COVERING THE GROUND.
ESTIMATED WINDS OF 45 TO 50 MPH.
0145 PM HAIL 4 SW CENTER 37.09N 85.73W
02/29/2012 M1.00 INCH METCALFE KY TRAINED SPOTTER
0148 PM FLASH FLOOD BOWLING GREEN 36.97N 86.44W
02/29/2012 WARREN KY BROADCAST MEDIA
WESTEN AVE AND ASHLEY CIRCLE FLOODED
0155 PM FLASH FLOOD GREENSBURG 37.26N 85.50W
02/29/2012 GREEN KY EMERGENCY MNGR
CITY EMERGANCY MANAGEMENT REPORTED TWO ROADS CLOSED DUE
TO FLOODING. THEY WERE BLUFF BOONE AND GOOSE CREEK
ROADS. RADAR ESTIMATED THAT AROUND 2 INCHES FELL WITHIN
2 HOURS.
0222 PM HAIL 5 NW RUSSELL SPRINGS 37.10N 85.14W
02/29/2012 M1.00 INCH ADAIR KY EMERGENCY MNGR
ONE INCH HAIL REPORTED ALONG STATE HIGHWAY 127 5 MILES
NORTHWEST OF RUSSELL SPRINGS. ALSO...DEBRIS WAS
REPORTED. RADAR INDICATED A VERY STRONG CIRCULATION.
0223 PM TSTM WND DMG 6 NE RUSSELL SPRINGS 37.11N 85.00W
02/29/2012 RUSSELL KY EMERGENCY MNGR
TREES AND POWER LINES DOWN AND DEBRIS IN ROADS JUST
NORTH OF SYCAMORE FLAT.
0240 PM HAIL ARGYLE 37.22N 84.82W
02/29/2012 M1.00 INCH CASEY KY PUBLIC
SAW WALL CLOUD...ESTIMATED 65 MPH WINDS
0241 PM TSTM WND DMG 5 N RUSSELL SPRINGS 37.12N 85.08W
02/29/2012 RUSSELL KY BROADCAST MEDIA
TREES...POWER LINES DOWN NEAR WEBBS CROSSROAD NEAR KY
127
0241 PM HAIL 5 S LIBERTY 37.25N 84.93W
02/29/2012 M1.00 INCH CASEY KY EMERGENCY MNGR
SOUTH FORK RIDGE ROAD 910 NEAR KY 127
&&
EVENT NUMBER LMK1200122 LMK1200123 LMK1200125 LMK1200151 LMK1200124
LMK1200126 LMK1200127 LMK1200128 LMK1200130 LMK1200129 LMK1200131
LMK1200153 LMK1200133 LMK1200134 LMK1200135 LMK1200136 LMK1200137
LMK1200142 LMK1200138 LMK1200139 LMK1200143 LMK1200140 LMK1200141
LMK1200144 LMK1200145 LMK1200147 LMK1200154 LMK1200152 LMK1200146
LMK1200149 LMK1200148 LMK1200150 LMK1200155 LMK1200159 LMK1200158
LMK1200156 LMK1200157
SZAPPANOSLocal storm report, Feb 29, 2:51 PM CST, 2 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE LOUISVILLE KY
351 PM EST WED FEB 29 2012
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0223 PM TSTM WND DMG 6 N RUSSELL SPRINGS 37.14N 85.08W
02/29/2012 RUSSELL KY EMERGENCY MNGR
MOBILE HOMES DESTROYED ALONG WITH SOME BARNS AND HOMES
ON PATTY RIDGE ROAD.
&&
EVENT NUMBER LMK1200160
SZAPPANOSThe office that day
Everything else NWS Louisville, KY issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feb 29, 12:53 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | LMK | Trimble | 52 min |
| Feb 29, 1:03 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | LMK | Breckinridge, Bullitt, Hardin, Meade, Nelson, Shelby and 2 more | 57 min |
| Feb 29, 1:23 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | LMK | Butler, Edmonson, Hart, Larue | 52 min |
| Feb 29, 2:07 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | LMK | Anderson, Hardin, Larue, Marion, Mercer, Nelson and 1 more | 38 min |
| Feb 29, 2:40 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | LMK | Boyle, Garrard, Lincoln, Madison | 50 min |
| Feb 29, 6:20 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Hancock | 25 min |
| Feb 29, 6:32 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | LMK | Grayson, Ohio | 43 min |
| Feb 29, 6:41 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Breckinridge, Hancock, Meade | 34 min |
| Feb 29, 6:44 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Breckinridge, Hancock, Meade | 15 min |
| Feb 29, 6:47 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Butler, Ohio | 28 min |
| Feb 29, 7:09 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Butler, Edmonson, Grayson, Ohio | 36 min |
| Feb 29, 7:11 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Breckinridge, Grayson, Hardin, Ohio | 19 min |
| Feb 29, 7:13 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Breckinridge, Bullitt, Hardin, Jefferson, Meade | 32 min |
| Feb 29, 7:13 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Trimble | 17 min |
| Feb 29, 7:17 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Henry, Oldham, Trimble | 28 min |
| Feb 29, 7:20 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Bullitt, Hardin, Meade | 25 min |
| Feb 29, 7:23 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Breckinridge, Hardin, Meade | 22 min |
| Feb 29, 7:30 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Henry, Oldham, Shelby | 30 min |
| Feb 29, 7:32 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Breckinridge, Grayson, Hardin | 28 min |
| Feb 29, 7:34 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Ohio | 26 min |
| Feb 29, 7:39 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Bullitt, Hardin, Jefferson, Nelson, Shelby, Spencer | 36 min |
| Feb 29, 7:40 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Butler, Grayson, Ohio | 35 min |
| Feb 29, 7:42 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Bullitt, Hardin, Nelson | 33 min |
| Feb 29, 7:49 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Grayson | 26 min |
| Feb 29, 7:53 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Hardin, Larue, Nelson | 22 min |
| Feb 29, 7:53 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Franklin, Harrison, Henry, Scott, Shelby | 37 min |
| Feb 29, 7:59 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Breckinridge, Grayson, Hardin | 16 min |
| Feb 29, 8:02 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Ohio | 28 min |
| Feb 29, 8:08 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Grayson, Ohio | 37 min |
| Feb 29, 8:10 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Grayson | 20 min |
| Feb 29, 8:14 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Anderson, Fayette, Franklin, Mercer, Nelson, Scott and 2 more | 16 min |
| Feb 29, 8:14 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Grayson | 16 min |
| Feb 29, 8:25 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Grayson, Hardin | 20 min |
| Feb 29, 8:28 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Breckinridge, Grayson, Hardin | 32 min |
| Feb 29, 8:32 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | LMK | Bourbon, Clark, Fayette, Jessamine, Nicholas | 13 min |
| Feb 29, 8:40 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Hardin, Larue | 20 min |
| Feb 29, 8:44 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Grayson | 26 min |
| Feb 29, 8:48 AM CST | Areal Flood Advisory | LMK | Breckinridge, Grayson, Hardin, Ohio | 3 hr |
| Feb 29, 8:55 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Grayson, Hardin, Larue | 35 min |
| Feb 29, 8:58 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Butler, Grayson, Ohio | 32 min |
| Feb 29, 8:59 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Hardin, Larue, Nelson | 31 min |
| Feb 29, 9:09 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Butler, Logan, Warren | 36 min |
| Feb 29, 9:21 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Nelson, Washington | 12 min |
| Feb 29, 9:21 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Breckinridge, Butler, Grayson, Hardin, Ohio | 24 min |
| Feb 29, 9:21 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Larue, Marion, Nelson, Washington | 24 min |
| Feb 29, 9:26 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Breckinridge, Grayson, Hardin | 34 min |
| Feb 29, 9:35 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | LMK | Anderson, Mercer | 25 min |
| Feb 29, 9:47 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Mercer, Washington | 28 min |
| Feb 29, 9:56 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Grayson, Hardin, Larue, Nelson | 34 min |
| Feb 29, 10:05 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | LMK | Breckinridge, Grayson, Hardin | 3 hr |
| Feb 29, 10:16 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Garrard, Jessamine, Mercer, Woodford | 29 min |
| Feb 29, 10:18 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | LMK | Butler, Logan | 27 min |
| Feb 29, 10:22 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Larue, Marion, Nelson, Washington | 23 min |
| Feb 29, 10:28 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | LMK | Hardin | 32 min |
| Feb 29, 10:41 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | LMK | Larue | 34 min |
| Feb 29, 10:44 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Boyle, Marion, Mercer, Washington | 16 min |
| Feb 29, 10:50 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Butler, Logan, Warren | 25 min |
| Feb 29, 10:51 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Hardin, Larue, Marion, Nelson | 24 min |
| Feb 29, 10:59 AM CST | Areal Flood Advisory | LMK | Barren, Butler, Edmonson, Hart, Logan, Warren | 3 hr |
| Feb 29, 11:01 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Boyle, Garrard, Jessamine, Mercer | 29 min |
| Feb 29, 11:02 AM CST | Areal Flood Advisory | LMK | Fayette, Garrard, Hardin, Jessamine, Larue, Marion and 4 more | 3 hr |
| Feb 29, 11:20 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | LMK | Edmonson, Warren | 25 min |
| Feb 29, 11:22 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Barren, Butler, Edmonson, Hart, Warren | 23 min |
| Feb 29, 11:27 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | LMK | Barren, Butler, Edmonson, Hart, Logan, Warren | 3 hr |
| Feb 29, 11:28 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Clark, Fayette, Jessamine, Madison | 32 min |
| Feb 29, 11:32 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | LMK | Logan | 13 min |
| Feb 29, 11:37 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Barren, Edmonson, Hart, Warren | 23 min |
| Feb 29, 11:40 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Butler, Logan, Simpson, Warren | 35 min |
| Feb 29, 11:45 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Logan, Simpson, Warren | 30 min |
| Feb 29, 11:50 AM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Clark, Madison | 10 min |
| Feb 29, 12:01 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Green, Hart, Metcalfe, Taylor | 29 min |
| Feb 29, 12:13 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Barren, Edmonson, Hart, Warren | 32 min |
| Feb 29, 12:16 PM CST | Flash Flood Warning | LMK | Green, Taylor | 3 hr |
| Feb 29, 12:31 PM CST | Areal Flood Advisory | LMK | Casey, Garrard, Lincoln, Madison | 3 hr |
| Feb 29, 12:40 PM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Adair, Barren, Green, Hart, Metcalfe | 35 min |
| Feb 29, 12:55 PM CST | Flash Flood Warning | LMK | Adair, Casey, Garrard, Lincoln, Madison | 3 hr |
| Feb 29, 1:06 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Adair, Casey, Russell | 24 min |
| Feb 29, 1:14 PM CST | Tornado Warning | LMK | Adair, Casey, Russell | 31 min |
| Feb 29, 1:37 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | LMK | Russell | 23 min |
| Feb 29, 1:50 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LMK | Russell | 25 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Kentucky, 2012Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2012
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.