Alert archive / Oklahoma / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2011

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 561, NWS Norman, OK

September 17, 2011Garfield County, Noble County, Oklahoma

NWS Norman, OK issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Sep 17, 2011, 9:42 PM CDT for Garfield County, Noble County, Oklahoma. It was in force for 63 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: Sep 17, 2011, 9:42 PM CDT (02:42 UTC)
Expired: Sep 17, 2011, 10:45 PM CDT
In force: 63 min
Issued by: NWS Norman, OK
Area: Storm-based polygon

Counties Garfield County, OK, Noble County, OK

The radar

The Vance AFB radar (KVNX), 91 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 02:43 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Sep 17, 2:30 PM CDT	Tornado Watch	SPC	9 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Lamont, OK (KLMN), launched 00:00Z, 2.7 hours before the alert went out and 41 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 2339 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -15 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1556 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 28 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 125 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 262 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.8
Supercell composite: 8.9

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

649 
WUUS54 KOUN 180242
SVROUN
OKC047-103-180345-
/O.NEW.KOUN.SV.W.0561.110918T0242Z-110918T0345Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
942 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN NORMAN HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  SOUTHEASTERN GARFIELD COUNTY IN NORTHERN OKLAHOMA...
  SOUTHWESTERN NOBLE COUNTY IN NORTHERN OKLAHOMA...

* UNTIL 1045 PM CDT

* AT 942 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RADAR INDICATED A SEVERE
  THUNDERSTORM NEAR DOUGLAS...MOVING EAST AT 25 MPH.

HAZARDS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE...
HAIL UP TO THE SIZE OF GOLF BALLS...
WIND GUSTS TO 60 MPH...

* LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE COVINGTON...DOUGLAS...HAYWARD...
  LAKE MCMURTRY...LUCIEN AND PERRY.

THIS INCLUDES INTERSTATE 35 BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 179 AND 194.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAN PRODUCE TORNADOES WITH NO ADVANCE WARNING.
MOVE IMMEDIATELY TO A STORM SHELTER... BASEMENT OR STURDY BUILDING IF
A TORNADO IS SIGHTED.

&&

LAT...LON 3638 9711 3625 9712 3625 9714 3616 9714
      3617 9768 3640 9768
TIME...MOT...LOC 0242Z 274DEG 23KT 3628 9765

$$



CJS

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Norman, OK wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Sep 17, 9:08 PM CDT, 34 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Sep 17, 9:08 PM CDT, 34 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
908 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011

.UPDATE...
POPS HAVE BEEN INCREASED ACROSS MUCH OF NORTH CENTRAL OK AS THE
CURRENT TSTM COMPLEX IS EXPECTED TO DEVELOP SOUTHEASTWARD. WE ARE
EXPECTING A GRADUAL WEAKENING OF THE SMALL CLUSTER OF TSTMS IN
WESTERN NORTH TX/SOUTHERN OK SO WE WILL LEAVE POPS ALONE THERE.
THOUGH STRONG STORMS CAPABLE OF SMALL HAIL AND STRONG WIND GUSTS
MAY CONTINUE WELL INTO THE NIGHT... THE THREAT OF SEVERE STORMS
HAS BECOME RATHER ISOLATED AND IS EXPECTED TO REMAIN THAT WAY.

MINOR CHANGES WERE MADE TO HOURLY TEMPERATURES AND DEW POINTS.

&&

.PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 648 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011/

AVIATION...
/00Z TAFS/
STRONG TO SEVERE T-STORMS WILL CONTINUE TO MOVE E-NE ACROSS PARTS
OF N-CENTRAL... CENTRAL AND SW OK... AND WESTERN N-TX THIS EVENING
BEFORE WEAKENING BY LATE EVENING. AREAS OF MVFR STRATUS WILL
DEVELOP LATE TONIGHT FROM NORTH CENTRAL INTO CENTRAL OK BEFORE
THINNING BY MID TO LATE SUNDAY MORNING. A WEAK COLD FRONT WILL
MOVE THROUGH THE WESTERN PORTIONS OF OK AND NORTH TX SUNDAY
MORNING BRINGING A BRIEF PERIOD OF MVFR CEILINGS TO NW OK.
SCATTERED STRONG T-STORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE SUNDAY AFTERNOON ALONG
THE FRONT AS IT MOVES INTO THE I-35 CORRIDOR.

PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 250 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011/

DISCUSSION...
SCATTERED OR EVEN NUMEROUS STRONG AND SEVERE STORMS EXPECTED
THROUGH THIS EVENING...MAINLY OVER NORTHWEST INTO NORTH-CENTRAL
OKLAHOMA. WITH STRONGLY BACKED LOW-LEVEL FLOW NEAR/NORTH OF SLOWLY
RETREATING WARM FRONT...THERE WILL BE A POTENTIAL FOR TORNADIC
ACTIVITY IF STORMS CAN MAINTAIN A DISCRETE NATURE. STORMS PROGD
TO GROW UPSCALE INTO MCS ACROSS NORTHERN OKLAHOMA/SOUTHERN KANSAS
OVERNIGHT. SOUTHERN EXTENT OF ANY MCS COULD APPROACH I-40 CORRIDOR
INCLUDING METRO AREA LATE THIS EVENING AND OVERNIGHT AS LOW-LEVEL
JET INTERACTIONS INCREASE. OTHERWISE MORE IN THE WAY OF ISOLATED
STORMS POSSIBLE FARTHER SOUTH TO AND SOUTH OF RED RIVER BUT THIS
ACTIVITY NOT EXPECTED TO LAST LONG AFTER SUNSET.

SEVERE WEATHER POSSIBILITIES CONTINUE TOMORROW ALONG AND AHEAD OF
WEAK COLD FRONT THAT WILL PASS OVER OKLAHOMA AND NORTH TEXAS
SUNDAY AFTERNOON AND SUNDAY NIGHT. MAIN AREA OF CONCERN WITH
MODEST DEEP SHEAR AND FAIRLY SUBSTANTIAL CAPE WOULD BE AN AREA
NEAR AND EAST OF THE I-44 CORRIDOR - PER SWODY2. LESS ACTIVE
MONDAY AND TUESDAY AHEAD OF AN EVEN STRONGER UPPER-LEVEL TROUGH AND
COLD FRONT...WHICH ARE PROGD TO MOVE THROUGH THE REGION LATE
TUESDAY THROUGH THURSDAY. LATEST ECMWF TRENDING TOWARD GFS SOLUTION
OF CUTTING OFF PORTION OF TROUGH LATE IN THE WEEK...ALTHOUGH IT IS
FARTHER EAST. BOTH SOLUTIONS SUPPORT A CLOUDY/COOLER THAN AVERAGE
STRETCH OF WEATHER BUT DRY. THIS TREND IS ALREADY IN GRIDS AND
WILL NOT MAKE ANY NEW INITIALIZATIONS THIS PACKAGE.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
OKLAHOMA CITY OK  68  87  63  84 /  40  40  40   0
HOBART OK         68  88  60  85 /  30  20  20   0
WICHITA FALLS TX  69  90  66  87 /  30  40  40   0
GAGE OK           63  84  50  87 /  30  20  10   0
PONCA CITY OK     68  82  58  83 /  80  50  30   0
DURANT OK         68  87  68  85 /  40  50  60  10

&&

.OUN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
OK...NONE.
TX...NONE.
&&

03/32

Hazardous weather outlook, Sep 17, 4:45 PM CDT, 4 hours 57 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK...UPDATE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
445 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011

OKZ004>048-050>052-TXZ083>090-181300-
HARPER-WOODS-ALFALFA-GRANT-KAY-ELLIS-WOODWARD-MAJOR-GARFIELD-NOBLE-
ROGER MILLS-DEWEY-CUSTER-BLAINE-KINGFISHER-LOGAN-PAYNE-BECKHAM-
WASHITA-CADDO-CANADIAN-OKLAHOMA-LINCOLN-GRADY-MCCLAIN-CLEVELAND-
POTTAWATOMIE-SEMINOLE-HUGHES-HARMON-GREER-KIOWA-JACKSON-TILLMAN-
COMANCHE-STEPHENS-GARVIN-MURRAY-PONTOTOC-COAL-COTTON-JEFFERSON-
CARTER-JOHNSTON-ATOKA-LOVE-MARSHALL-BRYAN-HARDEMAN-FOARD-WILBARGER-
WICHITA-KNOX-BAYLOR-ARCHER-CLAY-
445 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK COVERS NORTHERN...WESTERN...
CENTRAL...AND SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA...AND WESTERN NORTH TEXAS.

.DAY ONE...THROUGH TONIGHT...

THUNDERSTORM OUTLOOK...
SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL AFFECT PORTIONS OF WESTERN AND NORTHERN
OKLAHOMA... AND MAY EXTEND INTO WESTERN NORTH TEXAS... THIS
AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

LOCATION...
THE RISK INCLUDES THE AREA WEST OF A LINE FROM STILLWATER
TO OKLAHOMA CITY TO LAWTON AND WICHITA FALLS...TEXAS.

TIMING...
THE MOST LIKELY TIME FOR SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE THROUGH 2 AM.

IMPACTS...
SOME DAMAGE TO AUTOMOBILES...ROOFTOPS...AND TENDER VEGETATION FROM
LARGE HAIL UP TO TWO INCHES IN DIAMETER.

DAMAGING WIND GUSTS OVER 60 MPH.

RECOMMENDED ACTIONS...
STORM SPOTTER GROUPS AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL ACROSS THE
RISK AREA SHOULD PLAN FOR SEVERE WEATHER OPERATIONS UNTIL 2 AM.

DISCUSSION...
LOW PRESSURE WILL GRADUALLY STRENGTHEN ALONG THE HIGH PLAINS THROUGH
THE EVENING HOURS AS AN UPPER TROUGH APPROACHES FROM THE WEST.
BREEZY SOUTH WINDS HAVE HELPED TRANSPORT VERY HUMID AIR INTO THE
SOUTHERN PLAINS.  SURFACE HEATING HAS YIELDED MODERATE INSTABILITY
ACROSS THE RISK AREA.

A FEW SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED. THE PRIMARY HAZARDS WILL
BE LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING STRAIGHT LINE WINDS. ANY SUPERCELL STORMS
WOULD ALSO MOVE MORE SLOWLY...RESULTING IN LOCALLY HEAVY RAIN.

STORM INTENSITY WILL GRADUALLY DECREASE AS SUNSET APPROACHES BUT
STRONG TO SEVERE STORMS MAY MOVE INTO PARTS OF CENTRAL OKLAHOMA
DURING THE MID TO LATE EVENING HOURS.  HAIL UP TO THE SIZE OF HALF
DOLLARS...STRONG WIND GUSTS AND LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL WILL BE THE
MAIN HAZARDS AFTER DARK.

PROBABILITY TABLE...
VALID THROUGH 700 AM CDT SUNDAY SEP 18.
PROBABILITY OF THUNDERSTORMS OCCURRING IN THE
              NWS NORMAN COUNTY WARNING AREA...100 PERCENT.
PROBABILITY OF SEVERE STORMS IF STORMS OCCUR...100 PERCENT.

OTHER HAZARDOUS WEATHER...
ALTHOUGH TODAY WILL BE HUMID...THERE WILL BE SOME INCREASED RISK OF
FIRES IN WESTERN OKLAHOMA AND WESTERN NORTH TEXAS...OWING TO BREEZY
WINDS...DRY FUELS...AND LIGHTNING.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY...

THUNDERSTORM OUTLOOK...
ON SUNDAY... A FEW THUNDERSTORMS MAY BE ONGOING DURING THE MORNING.
THIS ACTIVITY IS NOT EXPECTED TO BE SEVERE. BY AFTERNOON... THERE
WILL BE A CHANCE FOR STRONG AND POSSIBLY SEVERE STORMS AS A COLD
FRONT ENCOUNTERS WARM AND UNSTABLE AIR FROM CENTRAL OKLAHOMA TO
WESTERN NORTH TEXAS.

MUCH OF MONDAY AND TUESDAY APPEAR DRY...BUT A CHANCE OF
THUNDERSTORMS WILL RETURN BEGINNING TUESDAY NIGHT.

OTHER HAZARDOUS WEATHER...
NONE.

THE NEXT SCHEDULED HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK WILL BE ISSUED
BY 5AM SUNDAY.

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Sep 17, 8:15 PM CDT, 1 hour 27 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
815 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011

OKZ013-019-020-180130-
LOGAN OK-NOBLE OK-PAYNE OK-
815 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY...

THIS SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY IS FOR LOGAN...NOBLE AND PAYNE
COUNTIES.

STRONG WINDS BEHIND AN OUTFLOW BOUNDARY WILL PRODUCE AREAS OF 40 TO
50 MPH NORTHERLY WIND GUSTS FROM AROUND MULHALL TO STILLWATER
THROUGH 9 PM.

HAZARDS INCLUDE...
WIND GUSTS TO 50 MPH...

MONITOR THE WEATHER SITUATION CLOSELY AND BE ALERT FOR THREATENING
WEATHER CONDITIONS.

LAT...LON 3634 9702 3633 9692 3625 9691 3624 9681
      3616 9680 3617 9663 3616 9662 3600 9661
      3596 9707 3608 9761 3640 9703

Special weather statement, Sep 17, 8:16 PM CDT, 1 hour 26 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
816 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011

OKZ039-044-045-TXZ086-089-090-180130-
COTTON OK-JEFFERSON OK-STEPHENS OK-WICHITA TX-CLAY TX-ARCHER TX-
816 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY...

THIS SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY IS FOR ARCHER...CLAY...COTTON...
JEFFERSON...STEPHENS AND WICHITA COUNTIES.

AT 815 PM CDT...A SMALL CLUSTER OF STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WAS LOCATED
FROM HASTINGS TO RYAN TO PETROLIA TO HENRIETTA AND HOLLIDAY.  THE
STORMS WERE MOVING EAST AT 20 MPH.

HAZARDS INCLUDE...
HAIL UP TO THE SIZE OF NICKELS...
WIND GUSTS TO 50 MPH...

LAT...LON 3364 9881 3444 9838 3425 9760 3384 9785
      3387 9797 3365 9797 3354 9803

Special weather statement, Sep 17, 8:20 PM CDT, 1 hour 22 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
820 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011

OKZ024-025-180145-
CANADIAN OK-OKLAHOMA OK-
820 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY...

THIS SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY IS FOR CANADIAN AND OKLAHOMA
COUNTIES.

AT 819 PM CDT...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED FROM BETHANY TO
WILEY POST AND PIEDMONT...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 35 MPH.

HAZARDS INCLUDE...
HAIL UP TO THE SIZE OF NICKELS...
WIND GUSTS TO 40 MPH...

LAT...LON 3571 9738 3539 9766 3560 9788 3573 9765
      3573 9754

Special weather statement, Sep 17, 8:47 PM CDT, 55 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
847 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011

OKZ018>020-026-180215-
KINGFISHER OK-LINCOLN OK-LOGAN OK-PAYNE OK-
847 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY...

THIS SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY IS FOR EASTERN KINGFISHER...
NORTHERN LINCOLN... LOGAN AND PAYNE COUNTIES.

AT 845 PM CDT... THUNDERSTORMS OVER NORTH CENTRAL OKLAHOMA WERE
GENERATING STRONG OUTFLOW WINDS OF 40 TO 45 MPH ACROSS THE AREA.
MEANWHILE... ANOTHER STORM IN SOUTHWEST LOGAN COUNTY WAS ALSO
PRODUCING GUSTY WINDS ACROSS SOUTHERN LOGAN AND EASTERN KINGFISHER
COUNTIES.

LAT...LON 3572 9778 3617 9789 3616 9715 3619 9714
      3620 9682 3616 9680 3617 9674 3613 9662
      3575 9661

Local storm report, Sep 17, 8:51 PM CDT, 51 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
851 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0839 PM     HAIL             DRUMMOND                36.30N 98.04W
09/17/2011  E1.25 INCH       GARFIELD           OK   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

FM

Local storm report, Sep 17, 9:21 PM CDT, 21 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
921 PM CDT SAT SEP 17 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0913 PM     HAIL             4 SSE ENID              36.35N 97.85W
09/17/2011  E1.75 INCH       GARFIELD           OK   TRAINED SPOTTER

            RELAYED BY VANCE AFB

&&

FM

The office that day

Everything else NWS Norman, OK issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Sep 17, 7:00 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Cotton	60 min
Sep 17, 7:04 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Major	56 min
Sep 17, 7:14 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Garfield, Grant, Kay, Noble	61 min
Sep 17, 7:30 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Cotton, Jefferson	45 min
Sep 17, 7:33 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Canadian	27 min
Sep 17, 7:48 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Oklahoma	27 min
Sep 17, 8:00 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Stephens	30 min
Sep 17, 8:02 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Garfield, Major	58 min
Sep 17, 8:15 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Payne	15 min
Sep 17, 8:16 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Cotton, Jefferson	14 min
Sep 17, 8:20 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Oklahoma	25 min
Sep 17, 8:34 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Cotton, Jefferson	41 min
Sep 17, 8:47 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Logan, Payne	28 min
Sep 17, 8:55 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Garfield	65 min
Sep 17, 10:44 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Payne	31 min
Sep 17, 11:12 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Payne	33 min
Sep 18, 12:14 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Bryan	31 min
Sep 18, 4:11 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Atoka, Bryan, Marshall	19 min
Sep 18, 4:28 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Atoka, Bryan, Marshall	17 min
Sep 18, 4:45 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Bryan, Marshall	30 min
Sep 18, 4:53 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Bryan, Marshall	52 min
Sep 18, 5:17 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Atoka, Bryan, Johnston, Marshall	43 min
Sep 18, 5:34 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Atoka	56 min
Sep 18, 6:03 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Bryan	57 min
Sep 18, 6:13 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Hughes	17 min
Sep 18, 6:25 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Coal, Hughes	51 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Oklahoma, 2011 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2011

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.