Alert archive / Oklahoma / River Flood Warnings in 2009
River Flood Warning 12, NWS Tulsa, OK
NWS Tulsa, OK issued this river flood warning at May 1, 2009, 3:02 PM CDT for Cherokee County, Oklahoma. It took effect at May 2, 2009, 4:05 AM CDT. It was in force for 5 hr.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- May 1, 2009, 3:02 PM CDT (20:02 UTC)
- In effect from
- May 2, 2009, 4:05 AM CDT
- Expired
- May 2, 2009, 8:51 AM CDT
- In force
- 5 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Tulsa, OK
- Flood severity
- Minor
County Cherokee County, OK
The radar
The Tulsa radar (KINX), 59 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:02 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
The river
Written for the forecast point Illinois River (AR OK) near Tahlequah (TALO2).
- Action stage
- 9 ft
- Minor stage
- 11 ft
- Moderate stage
- 14 ft
- Major stage
- 18 ft
This gauge today: stage, forecast and historic crests
Stage from the USGS instantaneous record for site 07196500, one reading an hour, from a day before the product to a day after it ended. Flood stages are today's.
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this river flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Tulsa, OK wrote its last area forecast discussion before this river flood warning went out at May 1, 12:51 PM CDT, 2 hours 11 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, May 1, 12:51 PM CDT, 2 hours 11 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
1251 PM CDT FRI MAY 1 2009
...AVIATION...
.DISCUSSION...
COLD FRONT WORKING ITS WAY SOUTHEAST THROUGH THE REGION WILL
CONTINUE MVFR TO IFR CONDITIONS WITH SCATTERED TO NUMEROUS
SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS THROUGH EARLY TONIGHT. MVFR
CONDITIONS WITH EMBEDDED PATCHES OF IFR CONDITIONS AND
SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS. CONDITIONS WILL DETERIORATE
TO IFR CONDITIONS BY 06Z WITH PATCHY LIFR CONDITIONS
EXPECTED THROUGH MID SATURDAY MORNING.
&&
.TSA WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
OK...FLASH FLOOD WATCH UNTIL 7 PM SUNDAY FOR OKZ049-OKZ053-OKZ054-
OKZ055-OKZ056-OKZ057-OKZ058-OKZ059-OKZ060-OKZ061-OKZ062-
OKZ063-OKZ064-OKZ065-OKZ066-OKZ067-OKZ068-OKZ069-OKZ070-
OKZ071-OKZ072-OKZ073-OKZ074-OKZ075-OKZ076.
AR...FLASH FLOOD WATCH UNTIL 7 PM SUNDAY FOR ARZ001-ARZ002-ARZ010-
ARZ011-ARZ019-ARZ020-ARZ029.
&&
SHORT TERM...99
LONG TERM....99
AVIATION...15Hazardous weather outlook, May 1, 1:14 PM CDT, 1 hour 48 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK 114 PM CDT FRI MAY 1 2009 ARZ001-002-010-011-019-020-029-OKZ049-053>076-021000- ADAIR OK-BENTON AR-CARROLL AR-CHEROKEE OK-CHOCTAW OK-CRAIG OK- CRAWFORD AR-CREEK OK-DELAWARE OK-FRANKLIN AR-HASKELL OK-LATIMER OK- LE FLORE OK-MADISON AR-MAYES OK-MCINTOSH OK-MUSKOGEE OK-NOWATA OK- OKFUSKEE OK-OKMULGEE OK-OSAGE OK-OTTAWA OK-PAWNEE OK-PITTSBURG OK- PUSHMATAHA OK-ROGERS OK-SEBASTIAN AR-SEQUOYAH OK-TULSA OK-WAGONER OK- WASHINGTON OK-WASHINGTON AR- 100 PM CDT FRI MAY 1 2009 ...RAINFALL LETTING UP FOR NOW BUT FLOODING CONTINUES... THIS OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHWEST AND WEST CENTRAL ARKANSAS AS WELL AS MUCH OF EASTERN OKLAHOMA. .DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT. SEVERE THUNDERSTORM. RISK...ELEVATED. AREA...EAST OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST ARKANSAS. ONSET...ONGOING. AREA AT GREATEST RISK...NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST ARKANSAS. FLASH FLOOD. RISK...SIGNIFICANT. AREA...EAST OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST ARKANSAS. ONSET...ONGOING. AREA AT GREATEST RISK...NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA. HEAVY RAIN. RISK...SIGNIFICANT. AREA...EAST OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST ARKANSAS. ONSET...ONGOING. AREA AT GREATEST RISK...NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST ARKANSAS. DISCUSSION... A LARGE SWATH OF 3 TO OVER 7 INCHES OF RAIN FELL FROM NORTHERN TULSA COUNTY EAST ACROSS RODGERS...MAYES..AND DELAWARE COUNTIES AND INCLUDES PARTS OF ADJACENT COUNTIES AS WELL. THE SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE DECREASING IN NUMBER AND INTENSITY AS THE LOW LEVEL JET FEEDING THE STORMS HAS WEAKENED. SOME AREAS THAT RECEIVED THE HEAVY RAIN MAY STILL SEE AN ADDITIONAL 1/2 TO ONE INCH OF RAIN THIS AFTERNOON. A COLD FRONT IS MOVING THROUGH THE AREA BUT THIS WILL NOT END THE SHOWER AND THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY SINCE IT WILL LIKELY STALL ACROSS THE REGION TONIGHT. THIS WILL ALLOW ADDITIONAL SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORM TO FORM ACROSS THE ENTIRE AREA AS THE LOW LEVEL JET STRENGTHENS LATER TONIGHT. ADDITIONAL HEAVY RAIN IS POSSIBLE LATE TONIGHT. SPOTTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ACTION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY. SATURDAY...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM POTENTIAL...HEAVY RAIN POTENTIAL. SUNDAY...THUNDERSTORM POTENTIAL...HEAVY RAIN POTENTIAL. MONDAY...NO HAZARDS. TUESDAY...NO HAZARDS. WEDNESDAY...NO HAZARDS. THURSDAY...NO HAZARDS. EXTENDED DISCUSSION... THE FRONTAL BOUNDARY WILL REMAIN IN THE AREA THROUGH THE REMAINDER OF THE WEEKEND BEFORE FINALLY EXITING EASTERN OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST ARKANSAS ON MONDAY. AS A RESULT...THUNDERSTORMS WILL REMAIN IN THE FORECAST THROUGH SUNDAY...WITH SEVERE STORMS POSSIBLE...ESPECIALLY ON SATURDAY. HEAVY RAIN AND FLOODING CONCERNS WILL ALSO REMAIN...AND THE FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINING IN EFFECT THROUGH SUNDAY EVENING. RAINFALL TOTALS FROM SATURDAY THROUGH SUNDAY OF 2 TO 4 INCHES WILL BE LIKELY...WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS POSSIBLE. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLANNING STATEMENT... AN ACTIVE WEATHER PATTERN WILL REMAIN IN PLACE THROUGH THE END OF THE WEEKEND...WITH WEATHER RELATED RESPONSES LIKELY ONE OR MORE TIMES DUE TO SEVERE WEATHER AND FLOODING POTENTIAL. WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/TULSA CONTAINS ADDITIONAL TABULAR AND GRAPHICAL INFORMATION.
In the hours before
Special weather statement, May 1, 12:54 PM CDT, 2 hours 8 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
1254 PM CDT FRI MAY 1 2009
OKZ055>057-011900-
CRAIG OK-NOWATA OK-WASHINGTON OK-
1254 PM CDT FRI MAY 1 2009
...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT...
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TULSA HAS ISSUED A
SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT EFFECTIVE UNTIL 200 PM CDT
FOR THE FOLLOWING COUNTIES...
IN NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA
NORTHWESTERN CRAIG...NORTHERN NOWATA AND WASHINGTON
AT 1254 PM CDT...DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM OVER
COPAN...MOVING EAST AT 30 MPH. SOME LOCATIONS THAT WILL BE AFFECTED
BY THIS STORM INCLUDE...DELAWARE...LENAPAH...WANN...COPAN...
CENTRALIA...HOLLOW AND CENTRAILIA.
THIS STORM WILL BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING SMALL HAIL AND WIND GUSTS TO
40 MPH. RESIDENTS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD REMAIN ALERT IN CASE THE
SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT IS UPGRADED TO A WARNING.
LAT...LON 3698 9522 3665 9524 3685 9601 3699 9600
3700 9561
TIME...MOT...LOC 1754Z 281DEG 25KT 3691 9593Special weather statement, May 1, 1:08 PM CDT, 1 hour 54 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
108 PM CDT FRI MAY 1 2009
OKZ054-055-011915-
OSAGE OK-WASHINGTON OK-
108 PM CDT FRI MAY 1 2009
...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT...
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TULSA HAS ISSUED A
SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT EFFECTIVE UNTIL 215 PM CDT
FOR THE FOLLOWING COUNTIES...
IN NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA
WASHINGTON AND NORTHEASTERN OSAGE
AT 109 PM CDT...DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM 16
MILES NORTHWEST OF BIGHEART...MOVING EAST AT 35 MPH. SOME LOCATIONS
THAT WILL BE AFFECTED BY THIS STORM INCLUDE...BIGHEART AND HULAH.
THIS STORM WILL BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING SMALL HAIL AND WIND GUSTS TO
50 MPH. RESIDENTS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD REMAIN ALERT IN CASE THE
SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT IS UPGRADED TO A WARNING.
LAT...LON 3700 9598 3684 9598 3685 9655 3700 9656
TIME...MOT...LOC 1809Z 276DEG 29KT 3699 9645Local storm report, May 1, 1:42 PM CDT, 1 hour 20 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
142 PM CDT FRI MAY 01 2009
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0104 PM HAIL 2 N COPAN 36.93N 95.93W
05/01/2009 E1.00 INCH WASHINGTON OK PUBLIC
&&Local storm report, May 1, 2:13 PM CDT, 49 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
213 PM CDT FRI MAY 01 2009
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0730 AM TSTM WND DMG SALINA 36.29N 95.15W
05/01/2009 MAYES OK BROADCAST MEDIA
HIGH SCHOOL SOFTBALL STADIUM DAMAGED
&&Special weather statement, May 1, 2:15 PM CDT, 47 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
215 PM CDT FRI MAY 1 2009
OKZ054>057-012015-
CRAIG OK-NOWATA OK-OSAGE OK-WASHINGTON OK-
215 PM CDT FRI MAY 1 2009
...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT...
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TULSA HAS ISSUED A
SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT EFFECTIVE UNTIL 315 PM CDT
FOR THE FOLLOWING COUNTIES...
IN NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA
NORTHWESTERN CRAIG...NORTHERN NOWATA...WASHINGTON AND
NORTHEASTERN OSAGE
AT 216 PM CDT...DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM 2 MILES
SOUTH OF HULAH...MOVING EAST AT 35 MPH. SOME LOCATIONS THAT WILL BE
AFFECTED BY THIS STORM INCLUDE...DELAWARE...LENAPAH...WANN...HULAH...
DEWEY...COPAN...CENTRALIA...HOLLOW AND CENTRAILIA.
THIS STORM WILL BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING SMALL HAIL AND WIND GUSTS TO
50 MPH. RESIDENTS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD REMAIN ALERT IN CASE THE
SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT IS UPGRADED TO A WARNING.
LAT...LON 3700 9526 3672 9522 3675 9609 3700 9614
TIME...MOT...LOC 1916Z 270DEG 29KT 3690 9601Special weather statement, May 1, 2:49 PM CDT, 13 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
249 PM CDT FRI MAY 1 2009
OKZ062-063-012030-
DELAWARE OK-MAYES OK-
249 PM CDT FRI MAY 1 2009
...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT...
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TULSA HAS ISSUED A
SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT EFFECTIVE UNTIL 330 PM CDT
FOR THE FOLLOWING COUNTIES...
IN NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA
SOUTHWESTERN DELAWARE AND EASTERN MAYES
AT 249 PM CDT...DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM 3 MILES
NORTHEAST OF LOCUST GROVE...MOVING EAST AT 25 MPH. SOME LOCATIONS
THAT WILL BE AFFECTED BY THIS STORM INCLUDE...LEACH...TWIN OAKS...
KANSAS...LOCUST GROVE...ROSE AND SALINA.
THIS STORM WILL BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING SMALL HAIL AND VERY HEAVY
RAINFALL. RESIDENTS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD REMAIN ALERT IN CASE THE
SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT IS UPGRADED TO A WARNING.
LAT...LON 3638 9481 3617 9480 3618 9521 3632 9522
TIME...MOT...LOC 1949Z 263DEG 20KT 3624 9514The office that day
Everything else NWS Tulsa, OK issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 30, 8:46 PM CDT | River Flood Warning | TSA | Rogers, Tulsa | 3 days |
| May 1, 12:25 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | TSA | Pawnee | 50 min |
| May 1, 1:34 AM CDT | River Flood Warning | TSA | Muskogee | 37 hr |
| May 1, 2:05 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Craig, Ottawa | 55 min |
| May 1, 2:46 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | TSA | Craig, Ottawa | 3 hr |
| May 1, 2:59 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Craig, Delaware, Ottawa | 61 min |
| May 1, 3:39 AM CDT | Flash Flood Watch | TSA | Adair, Cherokee, Choctaw, Craig, Creek, Delaware and 16 more | 54 hr |
| May 1, 3:42 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Craig, Delaware, Mayes | 63 min |
| May 1, 4:27 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Craig, Delaware, Mayes | 63 min |
| May 1, 4:49 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | TSA | Rogers | 56 min |
| May 1, 5:00 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | TSA | Craig, Delaware, Mayes, Nowata, Ottawa, Rogers | 4 hr |
| May 1, 6:25 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Cherokee, Delaware, Mayes | 65 min |
| May 1, 6:54 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | TSA | Adair, Cherokee, Delaware, Mayes | 4 hr |
| May 1, 7:14 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Adair, Cherokee, Delaware, Mayes | 61 min |
| May 1, 8:04 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | TSA | Mayes, Rogers | 26 min |
| May 1, 8:23 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | TSA | Craig, Delaware, Mayes, Nowata, Ottawa, Rogers and 1 more | 4 hr |
| May 1, 8:25 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | TSA | Ottawa | 35 min |
| May 1, 8:32 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Cherokee, Delaware, Mayes, Rogers | 47 min |
| May 1, 8:40 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Ottawa | 34 min |
| May 1, 8:41 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Osage, Pawnee | 64 min |
| May 1, 10:00 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | TSA | Tulsa | 4 hr |
| May 1, 10:19 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | TSA | Creek, Rogers, Tulsa, Wagoner | 3 hr |
| May 1, 10:44 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | TSA | Adair, Cherokee, Delaware, Mayes, Rogers, Wagoner | 6 hr |
| May 1, 10:49 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | TSA | Osage | 41 min |
| May 1, 11:00 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | TSA | Wagoner | 30 min |
| May 1, 11:02 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Osage | 44 min |
| May 1, 11:28 AM CDT | River Flood Warning | TSA | Tulsa | 21 hr |
| May 1, 11:47 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Osage | 30 min |
| May 1, 11:50 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Adair, Cherokee | 40 min |
| May 1, 12:08 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | TSA | Craig, Delaware, Mayes, Nowata, Ottawa, Rogers | 4 hr |
| May 1, 12:12 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | TSA | Mayes | 33 min |
| May 1, 12:31 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | TSA | Adair | 44 min |
| May 1, 12:54 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | TSA | Nowata | 66 min |
| May 1, 12:59 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Craig, Nowata, Washington | 30 min |
| May 1, 1:27 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Mayes | 63 min |
| May 1, 1:29 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Osage, Washington | 46 min |
| May 1, 1:56 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Delaware, Mayes | 64 min |
| May 1, 2:03 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | TSA | Rogers, Tulsa | 117 min |
| May 1, 2:15 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | TSA | Nowata | 60 min |
| May 1, 2:35 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | TSA | Nowata, Osage, Washington | 4 hr |
| May 1, 2:35 PM CDT | River Flood Watch | TSA | Osage, Tulsa | 58 hr |
| May 1, 2:35 PM CDT | River Flood Watch | TSA | Washington | 7 hr |
| May 1, 2:35 PM CDT | River Flood Watch | TSA | Adair | 7 hr |
| May 1, 2:35 PM CDT | River Flood Watch | TSA | Okmulgee | 58 hr |
| May 1, 2:35 PM CDT | River Flood Watch | TSA | Creek | 58 hr |
| May 1, 2:49 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | TSA | Mayes | 41 min |
| May 1, 2:56 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Craig, Nowata | 64 min |
| May 1, 3:10 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Craig, Delaware, Ottawa | 36 min |
| May 1, 3:14 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Delaware | 61 min |
| May 1, 3:52 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | TSA | Craig, Delaware, Nowata, Ottawa | 6 hr |
| May 1, 3:53 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Craig, Ottawa | 67 min |
| May 1, 3:59 PM CDT | Areal Flood Warning | TSA | Adair, Cherokee, Craig, Delaware, Mayes, Nowata and 3 more | 6 hr |
| May 1, 4:58 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Ottawa | 47 min |
| May 1, 5:10 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Craig, Ottawa | 65 min |
| May 1, 5:14 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Ottawa | 16 min |
| May 1, 7:08 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | TSA | Carroll | 67 min |
| May 1, 10:09 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | TSA | Crawford, Washington | 3 hr |
| May 1, 11:04 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Madison, Washington | 56 min |
| May 1, 2:52 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Benton, Washington | 51 min |
| May 1, 4:11 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Benton, Washington | 64 min |
| May 1, 4:49 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | TSA | Benton, Carroll, Madison, Washington | 6 hr |
| May 1, 5:07 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Benton, Carroll, Madison, Washington | 53 min |
| May 1, 5:25 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Benton, Washington | 68 min |
| May 1, 5:52 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Benton, Madison, Washington | 53 min |
| May 1, 5:52 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | TSA | Carroll, Madison | 68 min |
| May 1, 6:03 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | TSA | Benton, Madison, Washington | 57 min |
| May 1, 6:11 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | TSA | Carroll | 25 min |
| May 1, 6:37 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | TSA | Carroll, Madison | 53 min |
Nearby
River Flood Warnings in Oklahoma, 2009Every river flood warning in 2009
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive; the gauge from the NWS water service and the USGS.