Alert archive / South Dakota / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2009
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 41, NWS Sioux Falls, SD
NWS Sioux Falls, SD issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jun 16, 2009, 5:28 PM CDT for 4 counties in South Dakota. It was in force for 47 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued.
The facts
- Issued
- Jun 16, 2009, 5:28 PM CDT (22:28 UTC)
- Expired
- Jun 16, 2009, 6:15 PM CDT
- In force
- 47 min
- Issued by
- NWS Sioux Falls, SD
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
Counties Aurora County, SD, Davison County, SD, Jerauld County, SD, Sanborn County, SD
The radar
The Sioux Falls radar (KFSD), 153 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 22:30 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 7 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The watch it was issued in
The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 16, 4:16 PM CDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | 7 hr |
The nearest sounding before it
Rapid City, SD (KUNR), launched 12:00Z, 10.5 hours before the alert went out and 346 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 33 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -61 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1333 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 18 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 34 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 63 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
000
WUUS53 KFSD 162228
SVRFSD
SDC003-035-073-111-162315-
/O.NEW.KFSD.SV.W.0041.090616T2228Z-090616T2315Z/
BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD
528 PM CDT TUE JUN 16 2009
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN SIOUX FALLS HAS ISSUED A
* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
JERAULD COUNTY IN EAST CENTRAL SOUTH DAKOTA
SOUTHWESTERN SANBORN COUNTY IN EAST CENTRAL SOUTH DAKOTA
NORTHEASTERN AURORA COUNTY IN SOUTHEAST SOUTH DAKOTA
EXTREME NORTHWESTERN DAVISON COUNTY IN SOUTHEAST SOUTH DAKOTA
* UNTIL 615 PM CDT
* AT 526 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
LINE OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER SIZE
HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH. THESE STORMS WERE
LOCATED ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM 32 MILES WEST OF LETCHER TO 13
MILES NORTHWEST OF LETCHER...AND WERE MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 15 MPH.
* SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE NEAR...
LETCHER AROUND 615 PM CDT...
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAN PRODUCE TORNADOES WITH LITTLE OR NO ADVANCE
WARNING. PREPARE TO MOVE TO A PLACE OF SAFETY IN A STURDY STRUCTURE
SUCH AS A BASEMENT OR SMALL INTERIOR ROOM IF A TORNADO IS SPOTTED.
A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 900 PM CDT TUESDAY EVENING
FOR SOUTHEASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA.
&&
LAT...LON 4415 9871 4398 9867 4401 9816 4385 9809
4380 9864 4410 9884
TIME...MOT...LOC 2227Z 318DEG 11KT 4404 9876 4403 9833
$$
RSR1 follow-up statement
000
WWUS53 KFSD 162302
SVSFSD
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD
602 PM CDT TUE JUN 16 2009
SDC003-035-073-111-162315-
/O.CON.KFSD.SV.W.0041.000000T0000Z-090616T2315Z/
JERAULD SD-SANBORN SD-AURORA SD-DAVISON SD-
602 PM CDT TUE JUN 16 2009
...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 615 PM CDT
FOR EXTREME NORTHWESTERN DAVISON...NORTHEASTERN AURORA...SOUTHWESTERN
SANBORN AND JERAULD COUNTIES...
AT 559 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A LINE OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING QUARTER
SIZE HAIL...AND DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS OF 60 MPH. THESE STORMS WERE
LOCATED ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM 22 MILES WEST OF LETCHER TO 8
MILES NORTHWEST OF LETCHER...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 15 MPH.
SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE NEAR...
LETCHER AROUND 615 PM CDT...
AT 535 PM CDT...QUARTER SIZE HAIL WAS REPORTED 5 MILES SOUTHWEST OF
LANE.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAN PRODUCE TORNADOES WITH LITTLE OR NO ADVANCE
WARNING. PREPARE TO MOVE TO A PLACE OF SAFETY IN A STURDY STRUCTURE
SUCH AS A BASEMENT OR SMALL INTERIOR ROOM IF A TORNADO IS SPOTTED.
A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 900 PM CDT TUESDAY EVENING
FOR SOUTHEASTERN SOUTH DAKOTA.
&&
LAT...LON 4415 9871 4398 9867 4401 9816 4385 9809
4380 9864 4410 9884
TIME...MOT...LOC 2259Z 332DEG 12KT 4388 9859 4395 9828
$$
RSRWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Sioux Falls, SD wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jun 16, 3:46 PM CDT, 1 hour 42 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Jun 16, 3:46 PM CDT, 1 hour 42 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION FOR SOUTHEAST SD/SOUTHWEST MN/NORTHWEST IA NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD 346 PM CDT TUE JUN 16 2009 .DISCUSSION... AS NMRS SHWRS CONT TO MOVE SLWLY NEWD ACRS SWRN MN THIS AFTN...INIT NEW TSTM DVLPMNT HAS BEEN JUST OF NWRN CRNR OF CWA CLOSER TO UPPER SUPPORT. THIS PRETTY MUCH FIGURES AND STILL EXPCT MORE DVLPMNT DOWN INTO CWA W OF FSD...PSBLY CLOSE TO JAMES VLY...A LTL LATER THIS AFTN. THE DECENT HEATG SWRN FCST AREA SHUD HELOP FIRE OFF THE STORMS NEAR THE EDGE OF THE DECENT HEATG AREA. WITH LESSER UPPER SUPPORT...THESE STORMS SILL LIKELY TO STAY SCT AT MOST. NEVERTHELESS MOISTURE INSTBLTY AND SHEAR SEEM AMPLE FOR ISOLD SVR STORMS. WILL KEEP STORM POPS IN THE CHC CATEGORY FOR THIS EVE AND DROP THE POPS DOWN AFTER MIDNIGHT...THO A SLGT CHC THRU THE NIGHT SEEMS WISE FAR ERN/NERN CWA. PLENTY OF LO LVL MOISTURE SHUD KEEP LOW CLDS OVER ERN ESPLY NERN CWA THRU THIS EVE...AND SOME INCREASE OR AT LEAST LINGERING EXPECTED LATE TNGT WITH SLOW COOLING. GUIDNCE TEMPS CANT GO TOO BAD TNGT...WILL GO WITH LOWS AT TO A DEG OR TWO ABV GUIDNCE IN MOIST REGIME. AM HOLDING OFF ON FOG MENTN FOR NOW ON MARGINAL CHC WITH MAIN PRBL NOW BEING EXTENT OF TSTM ACTVTY. /WILLIAMS INTERESTING SET UP FOR THE NEXT FEW DAYS AS FLOW ALOFT BECOMES SOUTHWEST WITH A SERIES OF SHORTWAVES MOVING THROUGH THE AREA. LOW LYING STRATUS AND FOG ACROSS EASTERN PORTIONS OF CWA IN THE MORNING WILL LIFT AND GIVEWAY TO STRONG HEATING. AS A SERIES OF SHORTWAVE WORK INTO NORTH CENTRAL SOUTH DAKOTA EXPECT CONVECTION TO DEVELOP ACROSS NORTHERN SOUTH DAKOTA BUILDING DOWN INTO NORTHERN PORTIONS OF FORECAST AREA IN THE EVENING HOURS. APPEARS AS THOUGH THE DEEPER MOISTURE WILL BE CONFINED TO AREAS SOUTH OF I-90...WHILE BETTER LIFT WILL BE FOCUSED NORTH OF FORECAST AREA. SHORTWAVE TRAIN GRADUALLY SAGS SOUTH ON WEDNESDAY NIGHT INTO THURSDAY WITH A SHORTWAVE MOVING ACROSS THE FORECAST AREA IN THE MORNING AND THEN AGAIN IN THE AFTERNOON. A SERIES OF UPPER LEVEL JET STREAKS ALSO MOVE THROUGH THE REGION DURING THE DAY PROVIDING ADDED UPPER LEVEL SUPPORT. MODELS PORTEND ADDITIONAL DESTABILIZATION THROUGHOUT THE DAY...WITH ATMOSPHERE BECOMING QUITE UNSTABLE BY THURSDAY EVENING. SHEAR PROFILES ARE NOT ALL THAT IMPRESSIVE...BUT CAPE VALUES CLIMB TO 2000-3000 J/KG. EXPECT MAIN SEVERE THREAT TO BE LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS...BUT CAN NOT RULE OUT A TORNADO OR TWO ALONG A BOUNDARY. LOW LYING STRATUS WILL HANG ON THROUGH MUCH OF THE DAY ON FRIDAY HAMPERING DAYTIME HEATING. KEPT MENTION OF SHOWERS WITH ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS EASTERN HALF OF FORECAST THROUGH MID-DAY. AS UPPER LEVEL RIDGE BUILDS EXPECT LOW CLOUDS AND STRATUS TO GRUDGINGLY SHIFT EAST. FOLLOWED HPC GUIDANCE FAIRLY CLOSELY IN THE LATTER PERIODS WITH GFS AND ECMWF IN GENERAL AGREEMENT ON THE OVERALL PATTERN. MODELS SUGGEST UPPER LEVEL RIDGE BUILDING ACROSS THE CENTRAL PORTIONS OF THE CONUS WITH WARMING TREND THIS WEEKEND INTO EARLY NEXT WEEK. WILL HAVE TO WATCH SUNDAY MORNING CLOSELY AS STRONG WARM AIR ADVECTION ALOFT MAY RESULT IN SOME ACCAS SHOWERS. MODELS DISAGREE ON HOW MUCH WARMING ALOFT...WITH THE ECMWF RUNNING IN THE LOWER 20S...NEARLY 5 DEGREES C WARMER THAN THE GFS. FOR NOW...SIDED CLOSER TO GFS BUT WITH DEVELOPMENT OF LOW LEVEL JET RAISED FORECAST LOWS. FORECAST AREA MAY BE INFLUENCED BY A RIDGE RIDER OR TWO HEADED INTO EARLY NEXT WEEK PRIOR TO CAP BUILDING IN. WITH GULF WIDE OPEN...APPEARS AS THOUGH THE FIRST WEEK OF SUMMER WILL BE WARM AND MUGGY. /BT && .AVIATION... A FEW LINGERING IFR CIGS FAR ERN FCST AREA AT MID AFTN SHUD IMPROVE TO MVFR BY 22Z. OTRW MVFR CIGS SHUD BE PERSISTENT ERN CWA AND MORE SPOTTY CNTRL CWA INCLUDG HON/FSD TAF SITES. THESE CIGS SHUD TENS TO SOLIDIFY AGN E AND INCREAS SOME CNTRL FOR THE 17/06Z-15Z PERIOD. ALONG WITH THIS WILL COME INCREASING 3-5SM IN BR SAME PD WITH XOME LCL 1-3SM BR...AT THIS TIME DO NOT EXPECT BLO 1SM UNDER LINGERING CLOUD COVER. ANY LWR VSBYS SHUD IMPROVE RPDLY TO VFR AFT 17/15Z WITH CIGS ALSO BREAKING UP OR IMPROVING TO VFR BY 17/18Z. CONVECTN IN THE FORM OF TSRA WILL OF COURSE PRODUCE LCL AND LIKELY BRIEF MVFR TO IFR CIGS...MAINLY THRU 17/06Z. AS MENTND ABV THIS CONVECTION SHUD BE SCT. && .FSD WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... SD...NONE. MN...NONE. IA...NONE. NE...NONE. && WILLIAMS/BT
Hazardous weather outlook, Jun 16, 11:12 AM CDT, 6 hours 16 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD 1112 AM CDT TUE JUN 16 2009 SDZ038>040-050-052>071-MNZ071-072-080-081-089-090-097-098- IAZ001>003-012>014-020>022-031-032-NEZ013-014-171200- AURORA-BEADLE-BON HOMME-BROOKINGS-BRULE-BUENA VISTA IA- CHARLES MIX-CHEROKEE IA-CLAY-CLAY IA-COTTONWOOD MN-DAKOTA NE- DAVISON-DICKINSON IA-DIXON NE-DOUGLAS-GREGORY-HANSON-HUTCHINSON- IDA IA-JACKSON MN-JERAULD-KINGSBURY-LAKE-LINCOLN-LINCOLN MN- LYON IA-LYON MN-MCCOOK-MINER-MINNEHAHA-MOODY-MURRAY MN-NOBLES MN- OBRIEN IA-OSCEOLA IA-PIPESTONE MN-PLYMOUTH IA-ROCK MN-SANBORN- SIOUX IA-TURNER-UNION-WOODBURY IA-YANKTON- 1112 AM CDT TUE JUN 16 2009 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTHEAST SOUTH DAKOTA... SOUTHWEST MINNESOTA...NORTHWEST IOWA...AND NORTHEAST NEBRASKA. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT THUNDERSTORMS... THERE WILL BE A THREAT OF SEVERE STORMS LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND THIS EVENING ALONG AND SOUTHWEST OF A LINE FROM DE SMET SOUTH DAKOTA TO SIOUX FALLS TO STORM LAKE IOWA. STORMS WILL BE ISOLATED TO SCATTERED...BUT ANY STORMS THAT DEVELOP MAY PRODUCE HAIL TO WALNUT SIZE...DAMAGING WINDS TO 75 MPH...AND EVEN AN ISOLATED TORNADO. THE SEVERE WEATHER THREAT SHOULD DIMINISH BY 10 TO 11 PM CDT. OTHER ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS MAY ACCOMPANY MORE NUMEROUS SHOWERS ALONG AND NORTHEAST OF A LINE FROM BROOKINGS SOUTH DAKOTA TO SPENCER IOWA. STORMS IN THIS AREA...WHICH INCLUDES SOUTHWEST MINNESOTA...ARE NOT EXPECTED TO BE SEVERE. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY THERE WILL BE A CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS LATE WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON INTO WEDNESDAY NIGHT. THESE STORMS WILL DEVELOP QUICKLY LATE IN THE DAY THROUGH THE JAMES VALLEY....AND WILL LIKELY AFFECT AREAS ALONG AND NORTH OF INTERSTATE 90 THROUGH THE EVENING. ANOTHER ROUND OF THUNDERSTORMS IS LIKELY LATE THURSDAY INTO THURSDAY NIGHT. SEVERE STORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE BOTH PERIODS...FEATURING LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS. LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL IS ALSO POSSIBLE. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION WILL BE POSSIBLE AFTER 5 PM IN SOUTHEAST SOUTH DAKOTA...PART OF NORTHWEST IOWA...AND IN EXTREME NORTHEAST NEBRASKA. && FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE VISIT OUR WEBSITE AT WWW.WEATHER.GOV/SIOUXFALLS. THIS INCLUDES THE GRAPHICAL HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK. WILLIAMS
In the hours before
Local storm report, Jun 16, 4:33 PM CDT, 55 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD
433 PM CDT TUE JUN 16 2009
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0425 PM HAIL 8 NW WESSINGTON SPRINGS 44.16N 98.69W
06/16/2009 E3.00 INCH JERAULD SD PUBLIC
HAIL WAS INCREASING IN SIZE
0412 PM HAIL 15 SSW WOLSEY 44.21N 98.59W
06/16/2009 E0.88 INCH BEADLE SD PUBLIC
&&
BTLocal storm report, Jun 16, 4:43 PM CDT, 45 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD
443 PM CDT TUE JUN 16 2009
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0425 PM HAIL 13 WNW WESSINGTON SPRIN 44.18N 98.79W
06/16/2009 E2.00 INCH JERAULD SD PUBLIC
&&
TRMLocal storm report, Jun 16, 4:50 PM CDT, 38 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD
450 PM CDT TUE JUN 16 2009
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0442 PM HAIL 11 NW WESSINGTON SPRING 44.18N 98.75W
06/16/2009 E1.75 INCH JERAULD SD PUBLIC
IN ADDITION TO THE GOLFBALL SIZE HAIL, WINDS WERE GUSTING
TO 50-60 MPH.
&&
TRMLocal storm report, Jun 16, 5:01 PM CDT, 27 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD
501 PM CDT TUE JUN 16 2009
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0455 PM HAIL 6 NW WESSINGTON SPRINGS 44.14N 98.65W
06/16/2009 E0.75 INCH JERAULD SD PUBLIC
&&
TRMLocal storm report, Jun 16, 5:18 PM CDT, 10 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD
518 PM CDT TUE JUN 16 2009
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0500 PM HAIL 3 W MOUNT VERNON 43.71N 98.32W
06/16/2009 E0.88 INCH DAVISON SD LAW ENFORCEMENT
IN ADDITION TO NICKEL SIZE HAIL, HEAVY RAIN WAS FALLING
WEST OF MOUNT VERNON ON THE DAVISON/AURORA COUNTY LINE.
&&
TRMLocal storm report, Jun 16, 5:28 PM CDT, 0 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SIOUX FALLS SD
528 PM CDT TUE JUN 16 2009
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0510 PM HAIL 4 W LANE 44.07N 98.50W
06/16/2009 E1.00 INCH JERAULD SD PUBLIC
IN ADDITION TO THE QUARTER SIZE HAIL, WINDS WERE GUSTING
TO 40-50 MPH.
&&
TRMThe office that day
Everything else NWS Sioux Falls, SD issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 16, 3:35 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | FSD | Beadle | 25 min |
| Jun 16, 3:43 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | FSD | Beadle, Jerauld | 47 min |
| Jun 16, 3:57 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | FSD | Beadle | 16 min |
| Jun 16, 4:29 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | FSD | Beadle, Jerauld | 46 min |
| Jun 16, 4:42 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | FSD | Beadle | 33 min |
| Jun 16, 4:43 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | FSD | Aurora | 40 min |
| Jun 16, 5:04 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | FSD | Jerauld, Sanborn | 41 min |
| Jun 16, 5:11 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | FSD | Aurora, Davison | 34 min |
| Jun 16, 5:41 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | FSD | Aurora, Davison | 49 min |
| Jun 16, 6:08 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | FSD | Davison, Douglas, Hanson, Hutchinson | 52 min |
| Jun 16, 6:18 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | FSD | Aurora, Davison, Jerauld, Sanborn | 29 min |
| Jun 16, 6:36 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | FSD | Davison, Hanson, Hutchinson | 39 min |
| Jun 16, 6:55 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | FSD | Davison, Douglas, Hanson, Hutchinson | 35 min |
| Jun 16, 6:58 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | FSD | Davison, Hanson, Miner, Sanborn | 32 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in South Dakota, 2009Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2009
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.