Alert archive / Texas / Flash Flood Warnings in 2008
Flash Flood Warning 3, NWS San Angelo, TX
NWS San Angelo, TX issued this flash flood warning at Mar 18, 2008, 1:38 AM CDT for Crockett County, Schleicher County, Sutton County, Texas. It was in force for 6 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued.
The facts
- Issued
- Mar 18, 2008, 1:38 AM CDT (06:38 UTC)
- Expired
- Mar 18, 2008, 7:45 AM CDT
- In force
- 6 hr
- Issued by
- NWS San Angelo, TX
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Flood severity
- None
Counties Crockett County, TX, Schleicher County, TX, Sutton County, TX
The radar
The San Angelo radar (KSJT), 86 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 06:38 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
Did it verify
Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this flash flood warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Del Rio, TX (KDRT), launched 00:00Z, 6.6 hours before the alert went out and 157 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 170 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -54 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 3256 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 81 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 113 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 257 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.3
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
000 WGUS54 KSJT 180649 FFWSJT TXC105-413-435-181245- /O.NEW.KSJT.FF.W.0003.080318T0638Z-080318T1245Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED FLASH FLOOD WARNING NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN ANGELO TX 138 AM CDT TUE MAR 18 2008 THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN SAN ANGELO HAS ISSUED A * FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR... SCHLEICHER COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST TEXAS... CROCKETT COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST TEXAS... SUTTON COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST TEXAS... * UNTIL 745 AM CDT * AT 134 AM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED THAT OVER THREE INCHES OF RAIN FELL OVER EASTERN CROCKETT AND WESTERN PORTIONS OF SCHLEICHER AND SUTTON COUNTIES. THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCING VERY HEAVY RAIN CONTINUE TO MOVE NORTHEAST OVER THE WARNED AREA. * OVER THE NEXT THREE HOURS...HEAVY RAIN OF ONE TO THREE INCHES OVER HOWARD DRAW...JOHNSON DRAW...GRANGER DRAW AND DRY DEVILS RIVER WILL PRODUCE FLOODING ALONG THESE DRAINAGES. EXPECT FLOODING OF LOW WATER CROSSINGS IN THESE AREAS AS STREAMS WILL RISE QUICKLY. MOST FLOOD DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. NEVER DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE INTO AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE ROADWAY. FLOOD WATERS ARE USUALLY DEEPER THAN THEY APPEAR. JUST ONE FOOT OF FLOWING WATER IS POWERFUL ENOUGH TO SWEEP VEHICLES OFF THE ROAD. WHEN ENCOUNTERING FLOODED ROADS MAKE THE SMART CHOICE...TURN AROUND...DONT DROWN. LAT...LON 3108 10168 3107 10014 3032 10019 3031 10164 TIME...MOT...LOC 0638Z 180DEG 0KT 3112 10062 $$
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS San Angelo, TX wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Mar 18, 12:26 AM CDT, 1 hour 12 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Mar 18, 12:26 AM CDT, 1 hour 12 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN ANGELO TX 1226 AM CDT TUE MAR 18 2008 .AVIATION... SHRA AND TSRA CONTINUE TO DEVELOP ALONG AND WEST OF A BOUNDARY LOCATED ALONG AN THROCKMORTON TO ABILENE TO SAN ANGELO TO SONORA LINE...THIS LINE OF SHRA AND TSRA WILL SLOWLY SHIFT EAST OVERNIGHT AS AN UPPER LEVEL SYSTEM LOCATED ACROSS BAJA CALIFORNIA SHIFTS EAST AND SURFACE LOW LOCATED NEAR DRT SHIFT TO THE EAST. EXPECT MVFR CIGS TO REMAIN THROUGH THE FORECAST PERIOD...WITH PERIODS OF IFR TO LIFR ASSOCIATED WITH TSRA. AS THE LINE MOVES EAST WINDS WILL BECOME NORTHERLY AT 10 TO 15 KNOTS. && .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 650 PM CDT MON MAR 17 2008/ UPDATE... ISSUED TORNADO WATCH 126. AVIATION... THUNDERSTORMS EXPECTED TO BECOME MORE WIDESPREAD THIS EVENING ACROSS WEST CENTRAL TEXAS. CEILINGS WILL BECOME MVFR WITH OCCASIONAL IFR IN STORMS. PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 306 PM CDT MON MAR 17 2008/ SHORT TERM... STRONG UPPER LEVEL LOW OVER NORTHERN MEXICO WITH SOUTHWEST FLOW OVER TEXAS...300 MB WINDS OF 100 TO 120 KNOTS. DRYLINE LOCATED FROM SWEETWATER TO WEST OF DEL RIO. COLD FRONT LOCATED FROM SOUTHWEST OKLAHOMA INTO THE TEXAS SOUTH PLAINS. TSTMS HAVE DEVELOPED ALONG THE DRYLINE ACROSS THE WESTERN BIG COUNTRY. LOOKS LIKE A BUSY NIGHT AND MAIN UPPER LEVEL STORM SYSTEM LIFTS OUT WITH STRONG DYNAMICS ACROSS WEST CENTRAL TEXAS. ALSO...SURFACE PRESSURE FALLS WILL STALL DRYLINE NEAR A ABILENE TO SONORA LINE. LOW LEVEL JET WILL INCREASE TO 50 TO 60 KNOTS ACROSS MAINLY THE EASTERN HALF OF THE CWFA WITH 500 MB WINDS INCREASING TO CLOSE TO 100 KNOTS. VERY FAVORABLE SHEAR PROFILE SETTING UP ACROSS THE HEARTLAND AND NORTHWEST HILL COUNTRY WITH 0-6KM VALUES OF 60 KNOTS AND 0-1KM VALUES OF AROUND 30 KNOTS. ALSO...CAPE VALUES OF 1000 TO 2000 J/KG WILL PROVIDE PLENTY OF INSTABILITY. SPC DAY1 OUTLOOK HAS A MODERATE RISK ACROSS THE NORTHWEST HILL COUNTRY AND HEARTLAND. SEVERE STORMS A GOOD BET ACROSS MUCH OF THE AREA TONIGHT WITH LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS. ALSO...TORNADOES ARE POSSIBLE. INCREASING MOISTURE AND COUPLING OF 300 JET WILL LEAD TO THE POSSIBILITY OF HEAVY RAINFALL...AND THE FLASH FLOOD WATCH ACROSS THE SOUTHEAST PART OF CWFA LOOKS GOOD. UPPER LEVEL SYSTEM LIFTS ACROSS TEXAS ON TUESDAY WITH DEFORMATION ZONE FORMING ACROSS THE CWFA. HAVE LKLY POPS GOING FOR TUESDAY AND CHC POPS FOR TUESDAY NIGHT. LONG TERM... LOOKS LIKE UPPER LEVEL ZONAL FLOW THROUGH THE END OF THE WEEK...AND THEN THE GFS BRINGS ANOTHER FRONT THROUGH BY THIS WEEKEND WITH LITTLE MOISTURE TO WORK WITH. WILL GO WITH A DRY FORECAST WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY. FIRE WEATHER CONCERNS MAY INCREASE ACROSS MAINLY THE WESTERN PART OF THE CWFA FOR THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... ABILENE 57 37 67 42 / 60 30 0 0 SAN ANGELO 58 38 70 41 / 60 20 0 0 JUNCTION 59 36 71 39 / 60 20 0 0 && .SJT WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... FLASH FLOOD WATCH UNTIL 7 AM CDT THIS MORNING FOR BROWN-COLEMAN- CONCHO-KIMBLE-MASON-MCCULLOCH-MENARD-SAN SABA. && 99/99/28
Hazardous weather outlook, Mar 17, 2:23 PM CDT, 11 hours 15 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN ANGELO TX 223 PM CDT MON MAR 17 2008 TXZ049-054-064>066-071>073-076>078-098-099-113-114-127-128-139- 140-154-155-168>170-181930- FISHER-NOLAN-STERLING-COKE-RUNNELS-IRION-TOM GREEN-CONCHO- CROCKETT-SCHLEICHER-SUTTON-HASKELL-THROCKMORTON-JONES-SHACKELFORD- TAYLOR-CALLAHAN-COLEMAN-BROWN-MCCULLOCH-SAN SABA-MENARD-KIMBLE- MASON- 223 PM CDT MON MAR 17 2008 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF WEST CENTRAL TEXAS. .DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT THIS AFTERNOON...A DRYLINE DEVELOPING FROM OZONA TO MERTZON TO SWEETWATER AND HASKELL...WILL BE A FOCUS FOR SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS. THUNDERSTORMS WILL BECOME MORE WIDESPREAD ACROSS WEST CENTRAL TEXAS TONIGHT AS AN UPPER LEVEL STORM SYSTEM APPROACHES. SOME THUNDERSTORMS MAY BE SEVERE...WITH THE MAIN THREATS BEING LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS. ALSO TORNADOES WILL BE POSSIBLE. THE GREATEST THREAT WILL BE ALONG AND EAST OF A THROCKMORTON TO BALLINGER TO SONORA LINE. FLOODING IS ALSO POSSIBLE TONIGHT...AS STORMS MOVE NORTHEAST OVER THE PATHS OF PREVIOUS STORMS. A FLASH FLOOD WATCH IS IN EFFECT TONIGHT ALONG AND EAST OF A SONORA... EDEN...COLEMAN LINE. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TUESDAY AS THE UPPER SYSTEM MOVES OVER WEST CENTRAL TEXAS. THESE STORMS ARE NOT EXPECTED TO BE SEVERE. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION WILL BE NEEDED THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.
In the hours before
Local storm report, Mar 17, 11:06 PM CDT, 2 hours 32 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN ANGELO TX
1106 PM CDT MON MAR 17 2008
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1105 PM TSTM WND DMG 6 N BRONTE 31.97N 100.29W
03/17/2008 COKE TX AMATEUR RADIO
POWER LINES WERE BLOWN DOWN.
&&
MCLocal storm report, Mar 17, 11:15 PM CDT, 2 hours 23 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN ANGELO TX
1115 PM CDT MON MAR 17 2008
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1115 PM HAIL CHRISTOVAL 31.19N 100.50W
03/17/2008 E1.00 INCH TOM GREEN TX NWS EMPLOYEE
&&
MCLocal storm report, Mar 17, 11:38 PM CDT, 2 hours before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN ANGELO TX
1138 PM CDT MON MAR 17 2008
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1125 PM HAIL 1 W CHRISTOVAL 31.19N 100.51W
03/17/2008 M0.75 INCH TOM GREEN TX TRAINED SPOTTER
&&
HGUERRERSpecial weather statement, Mar 17, 11:38 PM CDT, 2 hours before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN ANGELO TX 1138 PM CDT MON MAR 17 2008 TXZ113-114-127-128-180545- SHACKELFORD TX-JONES TX-TAYLOR TX-CALLAHAN TX- 1138 PM CDT MON MAR 17 2008 ...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT EFFECTIVE UNTIL 1245 AM CDT FOR SHACKELFORD...JONES...TAYLOR AND CALLAHAN COUNTIES... AT 1138 PM CDT...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WAS INDICATED BY NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR 6 MILES SOUTHWEST OF VIEW...OR ABOUT 18 MILES SOUTHWEST OF ABILENE...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 35 MPH. * THE STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR... VIEW BY 1150 PM CDT DYESS AFB BY 1155 PM CDT TYE BY MIDNIGHT CDT IMPACT AND ABILENE BY 1210 AM CDT HAMBY BY 1220 AM CDT PEA SIZE HAIL AND WIND GUSTS TO 50 MPH ARE LIKELY WITH THIS STORM. HEAVY RAINFALL WILL CAUSE PONDING OF WATER ON AREA ROADWAYS... ESPECIALLY THOSE IN POOR DRAINAGE AREAS. RESIDENTS ARE ENCOURAGED TO MONITOR THE SITUATION CLOSELY AND BE PREPARED TO TAKE THE PROPER ACTIONS SHOULD A WARNING BE ISSUED. A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 200 AM CDT TUESDAY MORNING FOR WEST CENTRAL TEXAS.
Local storm report, Mar 17, 11:55 PM CDT, 1 hour 43 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN ANGELO TX
1155 PM CDT MON MAR 17 2008
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1150 PM HAIL 5 NW ELDORADO 30.91N 100.66W
03/17/2008 E0.88 INCH SCHLEICHER TX LAW ENFORCEMENT
&&
AMCCULLOLocal storm report, Mar 18, 12:08 AM CDT, 1 hour 30 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN ANGELO TX
1208 AM CDT TUE MAR 18 2008
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1159 PM HAIL 1 SE SAN ANGELO 31.44N 100.44W
03/17/2008 M1.00 INCH TOM GREEN TX TRAINED SPOTTER
&&
HGUERRERThe office that day
Everything else NWS San Angelo, TX issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mar 17, 7:07 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Coleman, Runnels | 38 min |
| Mar 17, 7:17 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Irion, Tom Green | 18 min |
| Mar 17, 7:19 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Jones, Shackelford | 41 min |
| Mar 17, 7:45 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Runnels, Taylor | 30 min |
| Mar 17, 7:46 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Coleman, Runnels | 44 min |
| Mar 17, 7:49 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Callahan, Jones, Taylor | 26 min |
| Mar 17, 7:51 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Kimble, Mason | 39 min |
| Mar 17, 7:52 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Haskell, Jones, Shackelford, Throckmorton | 38 min |
| Mar 17, 7:56 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Runnels, Taylor | 49 min |
| Mar 17, 8:01 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Coke, Nolan, Runnels, Taylor | 29 min |
| Mar 17, 8:06 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Jones, Shackelford | 24 min |
| Mar 17, 8:16 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Nolan, Taylor | 36 min |
| Mar 17, 8:20 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Callahan, Jones, Shackelford, Taylor | 25 min |
| Mar 17, 8:20 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Runnels | 25 min |
| Mar 17, 8:24 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | McCulloch, Mason | 51 min |
| Mar 17, 8:26 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Callahan, Coleman | 49 min |
| Mar 17, 8:27 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Haskell | 18 min |
| Mar 17, 8:29 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Shackelford, Throckmorton | 31 min |
| Mar 17, 8:38 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Jones, Shackelford | 37 min |
| Mar 17, 8:44 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Runnels | 46 min |
| Mar 17, 8:47 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Jones, Taylor | 28 min |
| Mar 17, 8:56 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | McCulloch | 21 min |
| Mar 17, 8:59 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Shackelford, Throckmorton | 31 min |
| Mar 17, 9:02 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Callahan, Jones, Shackelford, Taylor | 27 min |
| Mar 17, 9:06 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Irion, Sterling, Tom Green | 39 min |
| Mar 17, 9:12 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Callahan, Shackelford | 33 min |
| Mar 17, 9:22 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Coleman, Runnels | 23 min |
| Mar 17, 9:37 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Irion, Sterling, Tom Green | 38 min |
| Mar 17, 9:38 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Coleman | 52 min |
| Mar 17, 10:00 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Crockett, Irion, Schleicher | 60 min |
| Mar 17, 10:05 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Tom Green | 40 min |
| Mar 17, 10:05 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Coke, Nolan, Runnels, Sterling | 40 min |
| Mar 17, 10:06 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Crockett, Schleicher, Sutton | 54 min |
| Mar 17, 10:12 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Coke, Nolan, Runnels | 48 min |
| Mar 17, 10:20 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Schleicher, Sutton | 40 min |
| Mar 17, 10:38 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Tom Green | 52 min |
| Mar 17, 10:43 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Irion, Sterling, Tom Green | 47 min |
| Mar 17, 10:52 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Schleicher | 23 min |
| Mar 17, 10:59 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Coke, Nolan, Runnels, Taylor | 46 min |
| Mar 17, 10:59 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Crockett, Sutton | 46 min |
| Mar 17, 11:16 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Schleicher, Tom Green | 44 min |
| Mar 17, 11:24 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Schleicher | 51 min |
| Mar 17, 11:26 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | SJT | Coke, Crockett, Irion, Schleicher, Sutton, Tom Green | 2 hr |
| Mar 17, 11:26 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Coke, Irion, Runnels, Tom Green | 64 min |
| Mar 17, 11:42 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Concho, Tom Green | 38 min |
| Mar 17, 11:49 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Schleicher, Tom Green | 41 min |
| Mar 17, 11:53 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | SJT | Runnels, Taylor | 2 hr |
| Mar 18, 12:13 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Runnels, Taylor | 62 min |
| Mar 18, 12:23 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Schleicher, Tom Green | 52 min |
| Mar 18, 12:57 AM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Sutton | 48 min |
| Mar 18, 1:25 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SJT | Throckmorton | 35 min |
| Mar 18, 1:32 AM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Schleicher, Sutton | 24 min |
| Mar 18, 2:32 AM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Kimble, Sutton | 28 min |
| Mar 18, 2:58 AM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Kimble | 32 min |
| Mar 18, 3:25 AM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Menard | 35 min |
| Mar 18, 3:53 AM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | Concho, McCulloch, Menard | 52 min |
| Mar 18, 5:01 AM CDT | Tornado Warning | SJT | McCulloch | 29 min |
Nearby
Flash Flood Warnings in Texas, 2008Every flash flood warning in 2008
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.