Alert archive / Iowa / High Wind Warnings in 2008
High Wind Warning 1, NWS Des Moines, IA
NWS Des Moines, IA issued this high wind warning at Jun 3, 2008, 8:07 AM CDT for 9 counties in Iowa. It was in force for 113 min. 2 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The counties it named, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Jun 3, 2008, 8:07 AM CDT (13:07 UTC)
- Expired
- Jun 3, 2008, 10:00 AM CDT
- In force
- 113 min
- Issued by
- NWS Des Moines, IA
Counties Jasper County, IA, Mahaska County, IA, Marion County, IA, Marshall County, IA, Polk County, IA, Poweshiek County, IA, Story County, IA, Tama County, IA, Warren County, IA
The radar
The Des Moines radar (KDMX), 56 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 13:09 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 3, 8:37 AM CDT | NON-TSTM WND DMG | Bondurant, IA | POWER POLES DOWN DUE TO NON-CONVECTIVE WINDS |
| Jun 3, 8:50 AM CDT | FLASH FLOOD | 2 E Knoxville, IA | ROAD CLOSED AT MCKIMBER DRIVE AND 170TH WITH WATER RUNNING OVER THE ROAD...ROAD CLOSED. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
The nearest sounding before it
Davenport, (KDVN), launched 12:00Z, 1.1 hours before the alert went out and 212 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 11 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -272 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 742 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 56 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 144 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 232 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.5
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
000 WWUS73 KDMX 031307 NPWDMX URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DES MOINES IA 807 AM CDT TUE JUN 3 2008 ...VERY STRONG NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS THIS MORNING... IAZ048>050-060>062-073>075-031500- /O.NEW.KDMX.HW.W.0001.080603T1307Z-080603T1500Z/ STORY-MARSHALL-TAMA-POLK-JASPER-POWESHIEK-WARREN-MARION-MAHASKA- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...AMES...MARSHALLTOWN...TOLEDO... DES MOINES...NEWTON...GRINNELL...INDIANOLA...KNOXVILLE... OSKALOOSA 807 AM CDT TUE JUN 3 2008 ...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM CDT THIS MORNING... THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN DES MOINES HAS ISSUED A HIGH WIND WARNING...WHICH IS IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 AM CDT THIS MORNING. VERY STRONG WINDS ARE DEVELOPING IN THE WAKE OF THE STRONG STORMS THAT MOVED THROUGH THE AREA EARLIER. EXPECT A SUSTAINED EASTERLY WIND AROUND 40 MPH AT TIMES...WITH ISOLATED GUSTS NEAR 60 MPH. THE WINDS WILL DIMINISH LATER THIS MORNING. A HIGH WIND WARNING MEANS A HAZARDOUS HIGH WIND EVENT IS EXPECTED OR OCCURRING. SUSTAINED WIND SPEEDS OF AT LEAST 40 MPH OR GUSTS OF 58 MPH OR MORE CAN LEAD TO PROPERTY DAMAGE. $$ KINNEY
1 follow-up statement
000 WWUS73 KDMX 031456 NPWDMX URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DES MOINES IA 956 AM CDT TUE JUN 3 2008 IAZ048>050-060>062-073>075-031600- /O.EXP.KDMX.HW.W.0001.000000T0000Z-080603T1500Z/ STORY-MARSHALL-TAMA-POLK-JASPER-POWESHIEK-WARREN-MARION-MAHASKA- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...AMES...MARSHALLTOWN...TOLEDO... DES MOINES...NEWTON...GRINNELL...INDIANOLA...KNOXVILLE... OSKALOOSA 956 AM CDT TUE JUN 3 2008 ...HIGH WIND WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 10 AM CDT THIS MORNING... THE HIGH WIND WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 10 AM CDT THIS MORNING. THE HIGH WINDS HAVE SUBSIDED ACROSS THE WARNING AREA...ALTHOUGH AN BRIEF GUST TO 45 MPH MAY STILL OCCUR. $$ CC
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this high wind warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Des Moines, IA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this high wind warning went out at Jun 3, 6:48 AM CDT, 1 hour 19 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Jun 3, 6:48 AM CDT, 1 hour 19 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION...UPDATED NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DES MOINES IA 648 AM CDT TUE JUN 3 2008 UPDATED AVIATION DISCUSSION .SHORT TERM /TODAY-TONIGHT/... ONGOING MCS ACTIVITY MOVING EAST ACROSS THE PLAINS WILL LIKELY MERGE OVER WESTERN IOWA AND MOVE EAST SOUTHEAST ACROSS WEST CENTRAL AND SOUTH CENTRAL IOWA THROUGH THE MORNING HOURS...FOLLOWING MUCAPE GRADIENT AND FED BY SOUTHWESTERLY LOW LEVEL JET. THERE WILL BE A THREAT FOR SVR STORMS THANKS TO THE LARGE AMOUNT OF DEEP LAYER SHEAR OWING TO STORM ORGANIZATION. SFC WARM FRONT TO REMAIN QUASI STATIONARY ACROSS SOUTHERN IOWA...AND COULD BE A FOCUS FOR CONTINUED CONVECTION AFTER THE MORNINGS MCS ACTIVITY MOVES OUT. HOWEVER...WEAKER INSTABILITY WILL BE LIMITING FACTOR. HIGH PRECIPITABLE WATER VALUES AND TRAINING STORMS CONTINUE CONCERN FOR FLASH FLOODING THIS MORNING. BUT I WILL TRIM OFF A FEW OF THE NORTHEAST COUNTIES SINCE CONVECTION NOT EXPECTED TO TRAIN UP THERE. THERE SHOULD BE A RELATIVE LULL IN ACTIVITY AFTER THIS EVENING AS CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY FOCUSES SOUTH AND WEST OF IOWA. .LONG TERM /WEDNESDAY-MONDAY/... WARM FRONT IS EXPECTED TO MOVE NORTHWARD WEDNESDAY AS HEIGHT FALLS INCREASE OVER THE PLAINS. THE SOUTHERN HALF OF IOWA SHOULD BECOME QUITE UNSTABLE BY LATE AFTERNOON. GIVEN SHEAR PROFILE...SUPERCELLS WILL BE LIKELY. CONVECTION WEST OF IOWA WILL LIKELY MERGE INTO A LARGE MCS AND MOVE EAST ACROSS IOWA DURING THE NIGHT. THEN ON THURSDAY...THE WELL ADVERTISED PROGRESSION OF THE UPPER LEVEL TROUGH...SURFACE LOW AND COLD FRONT THROUGH THE AREA DURING THE AFTN AND EVENING...WILL RESULT IN ANOTHER ROUND OF SEVERE WEATHER. ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS BOTH WEDNESDAY AND THURSDAY WILL SUPPORT ALL MODES OF SEVERE WEATHER...INCLUDING THE POSSIBILITY OF TORNADOES...THOUGH WITH THE UPPER LEVEL FORCING AND JET DYNAMICS IN PLAY ON THURSDAY...WOULD HAVE TO GIVE A NOD TO THURSDAY AS BEING A DAY WITH THE GREATER THREAT. BEYOND THURSDAY NIGHT...WE WILL HAVE A COUPLE OF DAYS OF CALM AND SEASONAL WEATHER BEFORE ANOTHER LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM ORGANIZES OVER THE FRONT RANGE AND MOVES NORTHEAST THROUGH IOWA SUNDAY NIGHT. && .AVIATION 03/12Z... SHORT TERM CONCERN IS ENDING THE THUNDERSTORMS BY 15Z. GUSTY WINDS TO 40KT AND SMALL HAIL CAN BE ANTICIPATED AT KOTM BEFORE THEN. WINDS WILL BE SQUIRRELY BEHIND CONVECTIVE LINE FOR AN HOUR OR SO...BEFORE GOING BACK TO EASTERLY. CEILINGS WILL BE DIFFICULT TO FORECAST TODAY...WITH ALL GUIDANCE SUGGESTING MVFR CONDITIONS...BUT MY CONFIDENCE IS LOW. DO NOT EXPECT MORE TSTMS TODAY EXCEPT POSSIBLY ACROSS SRN IA AFT 21Z. OTHERWISE...CEILINGS AND VSBY ANTICIPATED TO COME DOWN INTO IFR RANGE AFT 06Z. && .DMX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... FLASH FLOOD WATCH UNTIL NOON CDT TODAY FOR ADAIR-ADAMS-APPANOOSE- AUDUBON-BOONE-CALHOUN-CARROLL-CASS-CLARKE-CRAWFORD-DALLAS-DAVIS- DECATUR-GREENE-GUTHRIE-JASPER-LUCAS-MADISON-MAHASKA-MARION- MONROE-POLK-POWESHIEK-RINGGOLD-SAC-STORY-TAYLOR-UNION-WAPELLO- WARREN-WAYNE-WEBSTER. && PUBLIC...MOYER AVIATION...MOYER
Hazardous weather outlook, Jun 3, 5:33 AM CDT, 2 hours 34 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DES MOINES IA 533 AM CDT TUE JUN 3 2008 IAZ033>035-044>048-057>062-070>075-081>086-092>097-041045- SAC-CALHOUN-WEBSTER-CRAWFORD-CARROLL-GREENE-BOONE-STORY-AUDUBON- GUTHRIE-DALLAS-POLK-JASPER-POWESHIEK-CASS-ADAIR-MADISON-WARREN- MARION-MAHASKA-ADAMS-UNION-CLARKE-LUCAS-MONROE-WAPELLO-TAYLOR- RINGGOLD-DECATUR-WAYNE-APPANOOSE-DAVIS- 533 AM CDT TUE JUN 3 2008 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF CENTRAL IOWA. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT A THUNDERSTORM COMPLEX WILL MOVE THROUGH CENTRAL IOWA THIS MORNING. A FEW SEVERE STORMS ARE POSSIBLE...WITH LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WIND GUSTS TO 60 MPH POSSIBLE. A FEW SEVERE STORMS ARE POSSIBLE LATER TODAY SOUTH OF INTERSTATE 80...WITH THE THREAT FOR ALL MODES OF SEVERE WEATHER INCLUDING ISOLATED TORNADOES. FLASH FLOODING WILL ALSO REMAIN POSSIBLE AND A FLASH FLOOD WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR THE AREA UNTIL NOON TODAY. RIVER FLOOD WARNINGS CONTINUE FOR NUMEROUS POINTS IN THE OUTLOOK AREA. FOR MORE INFORMATION ON RIVER FLOODING PLEASE REFER TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WEBSITE AT WEATHER.GOV/DESMOINES. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY PERIODS OF THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE WEDNESDAY INTO FRIDAY. ALL MODES OF SEVERE WEATHER WILL AGAIN BE POSSIBLE. A SIGNIFICANT SEVERE WEATHER OUTBREAK IS POSSIBLE THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND NIGHT. IN ADDITION...LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL WILL LIKELY CAUSE SOME FLASH FLOODING AND MORE RIVER FLOODING INTO NEXT WEEK. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED TODAY...AND AGAIN AT TIMES WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON THROUGH FRIDAY MORNING. IAZ004>007-015>017-023>028-036>039-049-050-041045- EMMET-KOSSUTH-WINNEBAGO-WORTH-PALO ALTO-HANCOCK-CERRO GORDO- POCAHONTAS-HUMBOLDT-WRIGHT-FRANKLIN-BUTLER-BREMER-HAMILTON-HARDIN- GRUNDY-BLACK HAWK-MARSHALL-TAMA- 533 AM CDT TUE JUN 3 2008 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF CENTRAL IOWA. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT A THUNDERSTORM COMPLEX WILL MOVE THROUGH CENTRAL IOWA THIS MORNING. A FEW SEVERE STORMS ARE POSSIBLE...WITH LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WIND GUSTS TO 60 MPH POSSIBLE. RIVER FLOOD WARNINGS CONTINUE FOR NUMEROUS POINTS IN THE OUTLOOK AREA. FOR MORE INFORMATION ON RIVER FLOODING PLEASE REFER TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WEBSITE AT WEATHER.GOV/DESMOINES. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY ISOLATED NON-SEVERE STORMS MAY LINGER INTO TUESDAY MORNING. PERIODS OF THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE WEDNESDAY INTO FRIDAY. ALL MODES OF SEVERE WEATHER WILL AGAIN BE POSSIBLE. A SIGNIFICANT SEVERE WEATHER OUTBREAK IS POSSIBLE THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND NIGHT. IN ADDITION...LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL WILL LIKELY CAUSE SOME FLASH FLOODING AND MORE RIVER FLOODING INTO NEXT WEEK. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED TODAY...AND AGAIN AT TIMES WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON THROUGH FRIDAY MORNING. MOYER
In the hours before
Local storm report, Jun 3, 7:23 AM CDT, 44 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DES MOINES IA
723 AM CDT TUE JUN 03 2008
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0722 AM FLASH FLOOD OSKALOOSA 41.29N 92.64W
06/03/2008 MAHASKA IA TRAINED SPOTTER
FLOODING OF STREETS IN OKSALOOSA. BETWEEN SOUTH 2ND AND
3RD REPORTED TO BE FLOODED.
&&
STEACHOULocal storm report, Jun 3, 7:26 AM CDT, 41 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DES MOINES IA
726 AM CDT TUE JUN 03 2008
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0714 AM HEAVY RAIN OTTUMWA 41.02N 92.42W
06/03/2008 E0.00 INCH WAPELLO IA TRAINED SPOTTER
STREET FLOODING REPORTED IN OTTUMWA...NUMBER OF
INTERSECTIONS AND LOW LYING AREAS UNDER WATER INCLUDING
INTERSECTION AT JEFFERSON AND MAIN.
&&
RVACHALELocal storm report, Jun 3, 7:37 AM CDT, 30 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DES MOINES IA
737 AM CDT TUE JUN 03 2008
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0724 AM TSTM WND GST EDDYVILLE 41.16N 92.63W
06/03/2008 M58.00 MPH WAPELLO IA MESONET
&&
RVACHALELocal storm report, Jun 3, 7:39 AM CDT, 28 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DES MOINES IA
739 AM CDT TUE JUN 03 2008
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0704 AM TSTM WND GST GRINNELL 41.74N 92.72W
06/03/2008 M67 MPH POWESHIEK IA AWOS
&&
RVACHALELocal storm report, Jun 3, 7:41 AM CDT, 26 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DES MOINES IA
741 AM CDT TUE JUN 03 2008
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0738 AM TSTM WND DMG OTTUMWA 41.02N 92.42W
06/03/2008 WAPELLO IA TRAINED SPOTTER
TREE LIMBS DOWN IN OTTUMWA
&&
STEACHOULocal storm report, Jun 3, 8:02 AM CDT, 5 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DES MOINES IA
802 AM CDT TUE JUN 03 2008
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0758 AM NON-TSTM WND GST COLO 42.02N 93.32W
06/03/2008 M58 MPH STORY IA MESONET
WAKE LOW WIND GUST.
&&
RVACHALEThe office that day
Everything else NWS Des Moines, IA issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jun 3, 3:02 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | DMX | Appanoose | 6 hr |
| Jun 3, 4:05 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Audubon, Carroll | 40 min |
| Jun 3, 4:09 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Audubon, Cass | 51 min |
| Jun 3, 4:41 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Adair, Cass | 49 min |
| Jun 3, 4:48 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Calhoun, Carroll, Greene | 42 min |
| Jun 3, 5:00 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | DMX | Cass | 4 hr |
| Jun 3, 5:00 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Adair, Guthrie | 45 min |
| Jun 3, 5:23 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Boone, Dallas, Greene, Guthrie | 33 min |
| Jun 3, 5:33 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Adair, Adams, Madison, Union | 42 min |
| Jun 3, 5:39 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | DMX | Adair, Guthrie | 4 hr |
| Jun 3, 5:40 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Dallas, Madison, Polk, Warren | 50 min |
| Jun 3, 5:43 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Boone, Dallas, Jasper, Marshall, Polk, Story | 47 min |
| Jun 3, 5:46 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Clarke, Madison, Marion, Polk, Warren | 44 min |
| Jun 3, 6:13 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | DMX | Wayne | 5 hr |
| Jun 3, 6:13 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Jasper, Marion, Polk | 47 min |
| Jun 3, 6:16 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | DMX | Boone | 5 hr |
| Jun 3, 6:20 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | DMX | Story | 5 hr |
| Jun 3, 6:23 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Jasper, Marshall, Poweshiek, Tama | 52 min |
| Jun 3, 6:31 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | DMX | Dallas, Polk | 3 hr |
| Jun 3, 6:31 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Clarke, Lucas, Marion, Monroe, Warren | 44 min |
| Jun 3, 6:38 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | DMX | Jasper, Marshall | 4 hr |
| Jun 3, 6:47 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | DMX | Tama | 3 hr |
| Jun 3, 6:47 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Jasper, Mahaska, Poweshiek | 43 min |
| Jun 3, 7:00 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Poweshiek, Tama | 45 min |
| Jun 3, 7:02 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | DMX | Mahaska, Marion, Monroe, Wapello | 43 min |
| Jun 3, 7:15 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | DMX | Marion | 6 hr |
| Jun 3, 7:24 AM CDT | Areal Flood Advisory | DMX | Wapello | 3 hr |
| Jun 3, 7:29 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | DMX | Mahaska | 3 hr |
| Jun 3, 7:44 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | DMX | Decatur, Ringgold, Wayne | 3 hr |
| Jun 3, 8:02 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | DMX | Poweshiek | 2 hr |
| Jun 3, 8:46 AM CDT | River Flood Warning | DMX | Polk, Story | 22 hr |
| Jun 3, 9:02 AM CDT | River Flood Warning | DMX | Lucas | 17 hr |
| Jun 3, 9:02 AM CDT | River Flood Warning | DMX | Appanoose | 12 hr |
| Jun 3, 9:04 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | DMX | Appanoose | 116 min |
| Jun 3, 9:33 AM CDT | River Flood Warning | DMX | Madison, Warren | 4 hr |
| Jun 3, 9:33 AM CDT | River Flood Warning | DMX | Wapello | 4 hr |
| Jun 3, 9:40 AM CDT | Areal Flood Warning | DMX | Boone | 9 hr |
| Jun 3, 11:01 AM CDT | Areal Flood Warning | DMX | Appanoose | 8 hr |
| Jun 3, 1:54 PM CDT | River Flood Warning | DMX | Dallas, Polk | 17 hr |
| Jun 3, 1:54 PM CDT | River Flood Warning | DMX | Appanoose, Wayne | 7 hr |
| Jun 3, 2:24 PM CDT | River Flood Warning | DMX | Story | 6 hr |
Nearby
High Wind Warnings in Iowa, 2008Every high wind warning in 2008
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.