Alert archive / North Carolina / Flash Flood Warnings in 2006
Flash Flood Warning 15, NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued this flash flood warning at Jul 4, 2006, 2:16 PM EDT for Swain County, North Carolina. It was in force for 3 hr. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Jul 4, 2006, 2:16 PM EDT (18:16 UTC)
- Expired
- Jul 4, 2006, 5:15 PM EDT
- In force
- 3 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
- Area
- Counties, with a storm outline in the text
County Swain County, NC
The radar
The Knoxville radar (KMRX), 66 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 18:19 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 4, 5:00 PM EDT | FLASH FLOOD | 5 Ne Smokemont, NC | OFFICIALS REPORT 3 CHILDREN SWEPT DOWNSTREM BY A LARGE WALL OF WATER ON THE RAVEN FORK RIVER. THESE CHILDREN WERE PULLED OUT OF THE RIVER BY ADULTS. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this flash flood warning; the first came 164 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Peachtre/Fal Fld, GA (KFFC), launched 12:00Z, 6.3 hours before the alert went out and 269 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 133 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -130 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1691 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 10 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- -8 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 17 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
000 WGUS52 KGSP 041819 FFWGSP NCC173-042115- BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED FLASH FLOOD WARNING NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 216 PM EDT TUE JUL 4 2006 THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG HAS ISSUED A * FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR... NORTHEASTERN SWAIN COUNTY IN WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA * UNTIL 515 PM EDT * AT 212 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED VERY HEAVY RAIN FALLING OVER THE HEADWATERS OF THE STRAIGHT AND RAVEN FORKS. * THE STORM PRODUCING THE HEAVY RAIN WILL CAUSE THE RAVEN FORK CREEK THAT FLOWS THROUGH THE CHEROKEE INDIAN RESERVATION TO OVER FLOW AND FLOOD CAMP GROUNDS AND OTHER BUSINESSES. EXCESSIVE RUNOFF FROM THIS STORM WILL CAUSE FLASH FLOODING OF CREEKS AND STREAMS...ROADS AND ROADSIDE CULVERTS. THE HEAVY RAINS COULD ALSO TRIGGER ROCK AND MUDSLIDES IN STEEP TERRAIN. A FLASH FLOOD WARNING MEANS THAT FLOODING IS IMMINENT. IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW WHERE YOU ARE RELATIVE TO STREAMS...RIVERS...OR CREEKS WHICH CAN BECOME KILLERS IN HEAVY RAINS. CAMPERS SHOULD AVOID CAMPING ALONG STREAMS OR CREEKS DURING THREATENING RAINS. TO REPORT HIGH WATER...FLOODING...MUDSLIDES...LANDSLIDES OR OTHER SEVERE WEATHER THROUGH OUR AUTOMATED REPORTING SYSTEM...CALL OUR TOLL FREE NUMBER...1 8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2. LAT...LON 3551 8341 3551 8319 3569 8319 3569 8341 $$ PAT
1 follow-up statement
000 WGUS72 KGSP 041944 FFSGSP FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 340 PM EDT TUE JUL 4 2006 NCC173-042115- SWAIN NC- 340 PM EDT TUE JUL 4 2006 ...A FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 515 PM EDT FOR NORTHEASTERN SWAIN COUNTY... AT 339 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO INDICATE A THUNDERSTORM PRODUCING HEAVY RAIN OVER THE WARNED AREA. FLOOD WATERS SHOULD MOVE DOWN FROM THE HEADWATERS OF RAVEN AND STRAIGHT FORK CREEKS TO THE CHEROKEE INDIAN RESERVATION. RUNOFF FROM THIS RAINFALL SHOULD WORK ITS WAY DOWN INTO THE AREA OVER THE NEXT FEW HOURS. PERSONS ALONG THE RAVEN FORK CREEK SHOULD BE ON THE LOOK OUT FOR RAPID RISES IN WATER LEVELS. TO REPORT HIGH WATER...FLOODING...MUDSLIDES...LANDSLIDES OR OTHER SEVERE WEATHER THROUGH OUR AUTOMATED REPORTING SYSTEM...CALL OUR TOLL FREE NUMBER...1 8 7 7...6 3 3...6 7 7 2. LAT...LON 3551 8341 3551 8319 3569 8319 3569 8341 $$ PAT
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Jul 4, 10:47 AM EDT, 3 hours 29 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Jul 4, 10:47 AM EDT, 3 hours 29 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 1047 AM EDT TUE JUL 4 2006 .SHORT TERM /REST OF TODAY/... A WEST TO EAST ORIENTED DEEP LAYER RIDGE AXIS WILL REMAIN JUST SOUTH OF THE FORECAST AREA INTO THE EVENING HOURS. ALONG AND NORTH OF THE RIDGE AXIS MID LEVEL RH VALUES ARE GENERALLY AOA 50 PERCENT...HIGHER THAN WE HAVE SEEN THE PAST COUPLE DAYS. SOUTH OF THE RIDGE...MID LEVELS ARE MUCH DRIER. SINCE WE STAY ON THE MOIST SIDE OF THE RIDGE...WET MICROBURST POTENTIAL WILL BE LIMITED THIS AFTERNOON...THOUGH DAPE VALUES WILL STILL BE RESPECTABLE AS MANY AREAS DEWPOINTS WILL MIX INTO THE L60S. MOIST ADIABATIC LAPSE RATES WON/T DO MUCH FOR HAIL POTENTIAL EITHER...DESPITE SB-CAPE VALUES AROUND 1500 J/KG FROM A WELL MIXED FFC/GSO SOUNDING. THEREFORE DO NOT PLAN TO ISSUE A SEVERE WEATHER OUTLOOK. THE HIGHER PW VALUES SHOULD BE GOOD FOR A LITTLE GREATER CONVECTIVE COVERAGE BY LATE AFTERNOON. THE GFS CONTINUES TO DEVELOP THE BEST LLVL CONVERGENCE OVER THE GREAT VALLEY OF TN DURING THE LATE AFTERNOON AND EVENING HOURS...WHILE THE WRF HAS BETTER LOW LEVEL CONVERGENCE EAST OF THE APPALACHIANS. NOT SURPRISINGLY THE GFS HAS MORE CONVECTION THIS EVENING OVER ERN TN...WHILE THE WRF HAS MORE OVER WRN NC/SC. SPLITTING THE DIFFERENCE WOULD MEAN THE HIGHEST POP IN THE MTNS WHICH IS HOW IT HAS WORKED THE PAST SEVERAL DAYS. THE MID SHIFT PICKED UP ON THIS TREND NICELY...AND ABOUT ALL I PLAN TO DO IS RAISE POPS JUST A HAIR ACROSS THE HIGH TERRAIN. AS FOR MAX TEMPS...AGAIN THE MID SHIFT/S NUMBERS LOOK GOOD. I WON/T MAKE THE SAME MISTAKE TWICE (OR THREE TIMES) AND RAISE THE HIGHS TODAY...THAT/S FOR SURE. && .PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 237 AM EDT TUE JUL 4 2006/ SHORT TERM /TODAY THROUGH THURSDAY/... CURRENT WV IMAGERY INDICATES A SERIES OF SW TROUGHS ROTATING AROUND THE HUDSONS BAY VORTEX...WHILE ADDITIONAL SHORT WAVES CAN BE SEEN OVERTOPPING THE WESTERN RIDGE AND ADVANCING TOWARD THE NORTHERN PLAINS. AS THESE FEATURES PASS ACROSS THE NORTHERN PORTION OF THE CONUS OVER THE NEXT 24 HOURS...HEIGHT FALLS WILL BE INDUCED ACROSS THE EASTERN STATES...RESULTING IN SUPPRESSION OF THE SOUTHEAST RIDGE. BY LATE AFTERNOON...FORECAST SOUNDINGS ARE UNCAPPED AND QUITE UNSTABLE. ALTHOUGH THERE REMAINS AN ABSENCE OF ORGANIZED LOW LEVEL FOCI FOR CONVECTIVE INITIATION (WITH THE EXCEPTION OF A WEAK LEE TROUGH AND TERRAIN FORCING)...WE HAVE SEEN ISOLATED CONVECTION ACROSS MUCH OF THE AREA THE PAST TWO DAYS DESPITE VERY WARM MID- LEVEL TEMPS AND UNSEASONABLY LOW DEWPOINTS (GENERALLY LOWER 60S). AS MOISTURE CONTINUES TO GRADUALLY ADVECT INTO THE AREA AROUND THE BERMUDA HIGH AND MID LEVEL TEMPS COOL IN RESPONSE TO WEAKENING RIDGE...THE ATMOSPHERE WILL BECOME INCREASINGLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO DEEP CONVECTION. FOR NOW...WE HAVE LIMITED CHANCE POPS TO THE MNTNS AND FOOTHILLS...BUT WILL CAREFULLY CONSIDER FOLLOWING RAH/S LEAD AND EXPANDING THEM TO THE PIEDMONT PRIOR TO PRESS TIME. AS EASTERN UPPER TROUGH BECOMES DEFINED TONIGHT AND TOMORROW...A COLD FRONT WILL ADVANCE TOWARD THE AREA TONIGHT AND TOMORROW. MOST OF THE FORCING ASSOCIATED WITH THIS FEATURE WILL REMAIN WELL TO OUR WEST TONIGHT...AND DO NOT FEEL THE FLOW IS STRONG ENOUGH TO ADVECT ANY MCS INTO THE AREA BEFORE WEDNESDAY. NEVERTHELESS...WITH DEEP LAYER MOISTURE INCR AHEAD OF THE FRONT...AND GENERAL INCR IN LARGE SCALE LIFT IN ADVANCE OF THE DEVELOPING TROUGH...WILL CARRY CHANCE POPS ACROSS THE MNTNS THROUGH THE OVERNIGHT HOURS. CONVECTIVE CHANCES CONTINUE TO INCR WED AS THE FRONT DRAWS NEARER... MOISTURE CONTINUES TO INCR AND SHEAR INCREASES (SUGGESTING ENHANCED POTENTIAL FOR CONVECTION TO ORGANIZE ALONG MESOSCALE/STORM SCALE BOUNDARIES.) LIKELY POPS WILL BE CARRIED ACROSS THE MNTNS...WITH SOLID CHANCES ACROSS THE REMAINDER OF THE AREA. HOWEVER...THE BEST CHANCE FOR PRECIP WILL BE WED NIGHT...AS THE FRONT MOVES INTO THE AREA. CONSIDERING THE ABUNDANT MOISTURE...MODERATE LOW LEVEL JET...DECENT DEEP LAYER FORCING/SHEAR...IT SEEMS LIKELY THAT AN MCS WILL DEVELOP SOMEWHERE IN THE CWFA WED NIGHT. WE WILL CARRY LIKELY POPS ACROSS MOST OF THE AREA. THE MAIN THREAT FROM SUCH A FEATURE WOULD BE WIDESPREAD HEAVY RAIN. CONVECTION SHOULD GRADUALLY CLEAR THE AREA THU AS THE FRONT MAKES ITS SLOW PUSH TO THE EAST. LONG TERM /THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY/... PREFERRED SOLUTION WITH RESPECT TO SOUTHWARD MOVEMENT OF COLD FRONT EARLY IN THE PERIOD WILL BE THE ECMWF AND BASED ON THIS...WILL SHOOT FOR A DRYING AND COOLER POST FRONTAL AIRMASS TO SETTLE OVER THE CWFA ON FRIDAY. UPPER LEVEL HEIGHTS ACRS THE SOUTHEAST U.S. ARE STILL EXPECTED TO RISE THROUGHOUT THE WEEKEND ALLOWING A RETURN TO SEASONABLY WARM MAX TEMPS SATURDAY AND SUNDAY. BETTER LLVL RETURN FLOW OUT OF THE GULF OF MEXICO BY THE END OF THE WEEKEND CONTINUES TO LOOK LIKE IT WILL REMAIN FAR ENUF TO OUR SW TO PRECLUDE MENTION OF ANY TSTM CHANCES. AVIATION... LOOKING AT HZ/FG THIS MORNING...BUT STILL MVFR ALL SITES. EXPECTING SCATTERED AFTN-EVE CONVECTION WITH CB CLOUDS CARRIED BY 18Z AT KAVL...CB CLOUDS ALL SITES BY 19Z. && .GSP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... GA...NONE. NC...NONE. SC...NONE. && SHORT TERM...MCAVOY
Hazardous weather outlook, Jul 4, 5:48 AM EDT, 8 hours 28 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 548 AM EDT TUE JUL 4 2006 GAZ010-017-018-026-028-029-NCZ033-035>037-048>053-056>059-062>065- 068>072-082-501>510-SCZ001>014-019-051000- RABUN-HABERSHAM-STEPHENS-FRANKLIN-HART-ELBERT-AVERY-ALEXANDER- IREDELL-DAVIE-MADISON-YANCEY-MITCHELL-SWAIN-HAYWOOD-BUNCOMBE- CATAWBA-ROWAN-GRAHAM-NORTHERN JACKSON-MACON-SOUTHERN JACKSON- TRANSYLVANIA-HENDERSON-CLEVELAND-LINCOLN-GASTON-MECKLENBURG- CABARRUS-UNION NC-CALDWELL MOUNTAINS-GREATER CALDWELL- BURKE MOUNTAINS-GREATER BURKE-MCDOWELL MOUNTAINS-EASTERN MCDOWELL- RUTHERFORD MOUNTAINS-GREATER RUTHERFORD-POLK MOUNTAINS- EASTERN POLK-OCONEE MOUNTAINS-PICKENS MOUNTAINS- GREENVILLE MOUNTAINS-GREATER OCONEE-GREATER PICKENS- GREATER GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG-CHEROKEE-YORK-ANDERSON-ABBEVILLE- LAURENS-UNION SC-CHESTER-GREENWOOD- 548 AM EDT TUE JUL 4 2006 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF NORTHEAST GEORGIA...PIEDMONT NORTH CAROLINA...WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA AND UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT WIDELY SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WILL DEVELOP THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS THE AREA. A FEW OF THE STORMS ARE EXPECTED TO PRODUCE BRIEF PERIODS OF DAMAGING WINDS AND LARGE HAIL. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY SCATTERED TO NUMEROUS SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WILL DEVELOP WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS THE AREA...WITH THE MOST WIDESPREAD ACTIVITY EXPECTED ACROSS THE MOUNTAINS. THERE IS A GOOD CHANCE THAT SOME OF THESE STORMS WILL PRODUCE SEVERE WEATHER. AN ORGANIZED COMPLEX OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS IS EXPECTED TO AFFECT THE AREA WEDNESDAY NIGHT. THE MAIN THREAT OVERNIGHT WILL BE HEAVY RAINFALL...ALTHOUGH ISOLATED SEVERE WEATHER WILL REMAIN POSSIBLE. SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE INTO THURSDAY...BUT WILL TAPER OFF BY THURSDAY NIGHT. NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED FRIDAY THROUGH MONDAY. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED TODAY. LANE
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Jul 4, 1:02 PM EDT, 1 hour 14 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 102 PM EDT TUE JUL 4 2006 NCZ052-041800- HAYWOOD- 102 PM EDT TUE JUL 4 2006 ..THUNDERSTORMS WITH HEAVY RAIN DEVELOPING OVER HAYWOOD COUNTY... AT 12:45 PM...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RADAR INDICATED AN AREA OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS MOVING VERY SLOWLY ACROSS NORTHERN HAYWOOD COUNTY. THESE STORMS WERE OVER THE HEADWATERS OF THE BIG CREEK BASIN. THE MAIN THREAT FROM THESE STORMS WILL BE FROM VERY HEAVY RAINFALL... AS HOURLY RATES OF UP TO 2 INCHES WILL BE POSSIBLE. THIS AMOUNT OF RAINFALL WILL LIKELY RESULT IN RAPID RISES ON CREEKS IN THE AREA TO INCLUDE BIG...JOHN MUCK AND MOUSE CREEKS. FLOODING OF LOW SPOTS AND AREAS WITH POOR DRAINAGE... PARTICULARLY IN CRESTMONT AND WATERVILLE. PERSONS CAMPING OR HIKING IN THESE AREAS SHOULD ALSO WATCH OUT FOR POSSIBLE MUD SLIDES IN THESE AREAS. TANNER
Special weather statement, Jul 4, 1:41 PM EDT, 35 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 141 PM EDT TUE JUL 4 2006 NCZ052-053-041845- BUNCOMBE-HAYWOOD- 141 PM EDT TUE JUL 4 2006 ...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS AFFECTING HAYWOOD AND NORTHERN BUNCOMBE COUNTIES... AT 133 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED STRONG THUNDERSTORMS ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM 7 MILES WEST OF LEICESTER TO CANTON TO LAKE JUNALUSKA...OR ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM 10 MILES SOUTHWEST OF MARSHALL TO 12 MILES NORTHEAST OF WAYNESVILLE TO WAYNESVILLE...MOVING EAST AT 15 MPH. THESE STORMS WILL BE NEAR... CANTON BY 150 PM EDT. LEICESTER BY 155 PM EDT. WEAVERVILLE BY 220 PM EDT. WOODFIN BY 225 PM EDT. BARNARDSVILLE BY 235 PM EDT. ASHEVILLE BY 240 PM EDT. PEA SIZE HAIL...AND WINDS 30 TO 40 MPH ARE EXPECTED WITH THESE STORMS. CSH
Special weather statement, Jul 4, 1:47 PM EDT, 29 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 147 PM EDT TUE JUL 4 2006 NCZ051-041900- SWAIN- 147 PM EDT TUE JUL 4 2006 ..THUNDERSTORMS WITH HEAVY RAIN DEVELOPING OVER SWAIN COUNTY... AT 1:30 PM...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RADAR INDICATED AN AREA OF SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS MOVING VERY SLOWLY ACROSS THE NORTH EASTERN PART OF SWAIN COUNTY. THESE STORMS WERE OVER THE HEADWATERS OF RAVEN AND STRAIGHT FORKS. THESE FORKS JOIN TOGETHER AND FLOW THROUGH THE CHEROKEE INDIAN RESERVATION. THE MAIN THREAT FROM THESE STORMS WILL BE FROM VERY HEAVY RAINFALL...AS HOURLY RATES OF UP TO 2 INCHES WILL BE POSSIBLE. THIS AMOUNT OF RAINFALL WILL LIKELY RESULT IN RAPID RISES ON CREEKS IN THE AREA. FLOODING OF LOW SPOTS AND AREAS WITH POOR DRAINAGE...PARTICULARLY IN CHEROKEE. PERSONS CAMPING OR HIKING IN THESE AREAS SHOULD ALSO WATCH OUT FOR POSSIBLE MUD SLIDES IN THESE AREAS. TANNER
The office that day
Everything else NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 4, 2:03 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Buncombe | 72 min |
| Jul 4, 2:46 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Henderson | 74 min |
| Jul 4, 3:30 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Transylvania | 60 min |
| Jul 4, 4:01 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Henderson, Polk | 59 min |
| Jul 4, 4:41 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Cleveland, Gaston | 79 min |
| Jul 4, 4:53 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Lincoln | 82 min |
| Jul 4, 5:16 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Transylvania | 74 min |
| Jul 4, 5:56 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Cleveland | 41 min |
| Jul 4, 6:13 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Alexander, Catawba | 62 min |
| Jul 4, 6:28 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Iredell | 62 min |
| Jul 4, 6:43 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Rowan | 62 min |
| Jul 4, 7:24 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Gaston | 41 min |
| Jul 4, 7:38 PM EDT | Flash Flood Warning | GSP | Rowan | 4 hr |
| Jul 4, 7:46 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Rowan | 59 min |
Nearby
Flash Flood Warnings in North Carolina, 2006Every flash flood warning in 2006
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.