Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Tornado Watches in 1998
Tornado Watch 481
The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at May 31, 1998, 5:00 PM EDT for 13 counties in New Jersey; 10 counties in New York; 31 counties in Pennsylvania. It was in force for 5 hr.
The area
The outline as issued.
The facts
- Issued
- May 31, 1998, 5:00 PM EDT (21:00 UTC)
- Expired
- May 31, 1998, 10:00 PM EDT
- In force
- 5 hr
- Issued by
- the Storm Prediction Center
All 54 counties
Bergen County, NJ, Essex County, NJ, Hudson County, NJ, Hunterdon County, NJ, Mercer County, NJ, Middlesex County, NJ, Monmouth County, NJ, Morris County, NJ, Passaic County, NJ, Somerset County, NJ, Sussex County, NJ, Union County, NJ, Warren County, NJ, Bronx County, NY, Kings County, NY, Nassau County, NY, New York County, NY, Orange County, NY, Putnam County, NY, Queens County, NY, Richmond County, NY, Rockland County, NY, Westchester County, NY, Berks County, PA, Bucks County, PA, Carbon County, PA, Centre County, PA, Chester County, PA, Clinton County, PA, Columbia County, PA, Cumberland County, PA, Dauphin County, PA, Huntingdon County, PA, Juniata County, PA, Lackawanna County, PA, Lancaster County, PA, Lebanon County, PA, Lehigh County, PA, Luzerne County, PA, Lycoming County, PA, Mifflin County, PA, Monroe County, PA, Montgomery County, PA, Montour County, PA, Northampton County, PA, Northumberland County, PA, Perry County, PA, Philadelphia County, PA, Pike County, PA, Schuylkill County, PA, Snyder County, PA, Sullivan County, PA, Union County, PA, Wyoming County, PA
Warnings issued inside it
37 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 31, 5:19 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | Luzerne | 76 min |
| May 31, 5:22 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | CTP | Lycoming | 33 min |
| May 31, 5:35 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | CTP | Columbia, Sullivan | 50 min |
| May 31, 5:48 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | PHI | Carbon | 32 min |
| May 31, 6:07 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | BGM | Luzerne | 63 min |
| May 31, 6:26 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | Lackawanna | 64 min |
| May 31, 6:45 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | Pike, Wayne | 65 min |
| May 31, 7:07 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | BGM | Pike, Wayne | 63 min |
| May 31, 7:12 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | BGM | Pike, Wayne | 63 min |
| May 31, 7:16 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | OKX | Orange | 64 min |
| May 31, 7:23 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | Lackawanna, Luzerne | 62 min |
| May 31, 7:41 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | PHI | Sussex | 34 min |
| May 31, 7:56 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | BGM | Lackawanna | 64 min |
| May 31, 8:04 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | BGM | Pike, Wayne | 66 min |
| May 31, 8:10 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | CTP | Lebanon | 35 min |
| May 31, 8:11 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | PHI | Berks | 64 min |
| May 31, 8:12 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | CTP | Clinton, Potter | 78 min |
| May 31, 8:17 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | OKX | Orange | 38 min |
| May 31, 8:24 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Centre | 91 min |
| May 31, 8:24 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Lycoming | 91 min |
| May 31, 8:33 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OKX | Putnam | 57 min |
| May 31, 8:37 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | PHI | Berks | 33 min |
| May 31, 8:42 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | PHI | Sussex | 33 min |
| May 31, 8:47 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | OKX | Orange | 58 min |
| May 31, 8:56 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Lancaster, York | 34 min |
| May 31, 9:01 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Columbia, Montour, Northumberland, Union | 89 min |
| May 31, 9:01 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | CTP | Sullivan | 89 min |
| May 31, 9:05 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | OKX | Westchester | 65 min |
| May 31, 9:06 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | BGM | Wyoming | 64 min |
| May 31, 9:07 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | PHI | Berks, Lehigh | 48 min |
| May 31, 9:14 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | PHI | Berks | 46 min |
| May 31, 9:31 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | BGM | Pike | 89 min |
| May 31, 9:37 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | BGM | Lackawanna | 63 min |
| May 31, 9:39 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | PHI | Berks, Chester | 36 min |
| May 31, 9:43 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | PHI | Bucks | 32 min |
| May 31, 9:56 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | OKX | Orange, Putnam | 59 min |
| May 31, 9:56 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | OKX | Rockland | 59 min |
The nearest sounding before it
Washington/Dulle, VA (KIAD), launched 12:00Z, 9.0 hours before the alert went out and 249 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 917 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -147 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1159 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 23 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 53 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 83 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.3
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
077 WWUS9 KMKC 312034 COR SEL1 MKC WW 312034 COR PAZ000-NJZ000-NYZ000-CTZ000-010200- BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 481 STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK 434 PM EDT SUN MAY 31 1998 THE STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA CENTRAL AND NORTHERN NEW JERSEY SOUTHEAST NEW YORK WESTERN LONG ISLAND SOUTHWEST CONNECTICUT AND ADJACENT COASTAL WATERS EFFECTIVE THIS SUNDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING FROM 500 PM UNTIL 1000 PM EDT. TORNADOES...HAIL TO 2 INCHES IN DIAMETER...THUNDERSTORM WIND GUSTS TO 80 MPH...AND DANGEROUS LIGHTNING ARE POSSIBLE IN THESE AREAS. THE TORNADO WATCH AREA IS ALONG AND 55 STATUTE MILES NORTH AND SOUTH OF A LINE FROM 5 MILES SOUTH OF PHILIPSBURG PENNSYLVANIA TO 10 MILES SOUTHEAST OF ISLIP NEW YORK. REMEMBER...A TORNADO WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE FOR TORNADOES AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH AREA. PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR THREATENING WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS. OTHER WATCH INFORMATION... CONTINUE...WW 477...WW 478...WW 479...WW 480... DISCUSSION...THREAT FOR SEVERE STORMS WILL INCREASE THIS EVENING AS CAP BEGINS TO BREAK. AIRMASS IS VERY UNSTABLE AND DEEP LAYER SHEAR PROFILES ARE SUPPORTIVE OF BOTH BOW ECHOES AND SUPERCELL TORNADOES. AVIATION...TORNADOES AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL SURFACE AND ALOFT TO 2 INCHES. EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE WIND GUSTS TO 70 KNOTS. A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO 500. MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 26040. ...VESCIO 413,0780 412,0725 395,0725 400,0780
SPC that day
Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 31, 3:00 PM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | 5 hr | |
| May 31, 5:45 PM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | 5 hr | |
| May 31, 9:00 AM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Cattaraugus, Cayuga, Chautauqua, Clinton, Erie, Essex and 21 more | 6 hr |
| May 31, 3:30 PM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Allegany, Cattaraugus, Cayuga, Chautauqua, Chemung, Erie and 10 more | 7 hr |
| May 31, 10:30 AM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | Beaver, Butler, Crawford, Erie, Lawrence, Mercer and 1 more | 5 hr |
| May 31, 6:30 PM EDT | Tornado Watch | SPC | Allegheny, Armstrong, Bedford, Blair, Cambria, Clearfield and 7 more | 7 hr |
Nearby
Tornado Watches in Pennsylvania, 1998Tornado Watches in New Jersey, 1998Tornado Watches in New York, 1998Every tornado watch in 1998
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive.