Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Tornado Watches in 1998

Tornado Watch 481

May 31, 199813 counties in New Jersey; 10 counties in New York; 31 counties in Pennsylvania

The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at May 31, 1998, 5:00 PM EDT for 13 counties in New Jersey; 10 counties in New York; 31 counties in Pennsylvania. It was in force for 5 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
May 31, 1998, 5:00 PM EDT (21:00 UTC)
Expired
May 31, 1998, 10:00 PM EDT
In force
5 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
All 54 counties

Bergen County, NJ, Essex County, NJ, Hudson County, NJ, Hunterdon County, NJ, Mercer County, NJ, Middlesex County, NJ, Monmouth County, NJ, Morris County, NJ, Passaic County, NJ, Somerset County, NJ, Sussex County, NJ, Union County, NJ, Warren County, NJ, Bronx County, NY, Kings County, NY, Nassau County, NY, New York County, NY, Orange County, NY, Putnam County, NY, Queens County, NY, Richmond County, NY, Rockland County, NY, Westchester County, NY, Berks County, PA, Bucks County, PA, Carbon County, PA, Centre County, PA, Chester County, PA, Clinton County, PA, Columbia County, PA, Cumberland County, PA, Dauphin County, PA, Huntingdon County, PA, Juniata County, PA, Lackawanna County, PA, Lancaster County, PA, Lebanon County, PA, Lehigh County, PA, Luzerne County, PA, Lycoming County, PA, Mifflin County, PA, Monroe County, PA, Montgomery County, PA, Montour County, PA, Northampton County, PA, Northumberland County, PA, Perry County, PA, Philadelphia County, PA, Pike County, PA, Schuylkill County, PA, Snyder County, PA, Sullivan County, PA, Union County, PA, Wyoming County, PA

Warnings issued inside it

37 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
May 31, 5:19 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMLuzerne76 min
May 31, 5:22 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPLycoming33 min
May 31, 5:35 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPColumbia, Sullivan50 min
May 31, 5:48 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHICarbon32 min
May 31, 6:07 PM EDTTornado WarningBGMLuzerne63 min
May 31, 6:26 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMLackawanna64 min
May 31, 6:45 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMPike, Wayne65 min
May 31, 7:07 PM EDTTornado WarningBGMPike, Wayne63 min
May 31, 7:12 PM EDTTornado WarningBGMPike, Wayne63 min
May 31, 7:16 PM EDTTornado WarningOKXOrange64 min
May 31, 7:23 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMLackawanna, Luzerne62 min
May 31, 7:41 PM EDTTornado WarningPHISussex34 min
May 31, 7:56 PM EDTTornado WarningBGMLackawanna64 min
May 31, 8:04 PM EDTTornado WarningBGMPike, Wayne66 min
May 31, 8:10 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPLebanon35 min
May 31, 8:11 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBerks64 min
May 31, 8:12 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPClinton, Potter78 min
May 31, 8:17 PM EDTTornado WarningOKXOrange38 min
May 31, 8:24 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCentre91 min
May 31, 8:24 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPLycoming91 min
May 31, 8:33 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOKXPutnam57 min
May 31, 8:37 PM EDTTornado WarningPHIBerks33 min
May 31, 8:42 PM EDTTornado WarningPHISussex33 min
May 31, 8:47 PM EDTTornado WarningOKXOrange58 min
May 31, 8:56 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPLancaster, York34 min
May 31, 9:01 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPColumbia, Montour, Northumberland, Union89 min
May 31, 9:01 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPSullivan89 min
May 31, 9:05 PM EDTTornado WarningOKXWestchester65 min
May 31, 9:06 PM EDTTornado WarningBGMWyoming64 min
May 31, 9:07 PM EDTTornado WarningPHIBerks, Lehigh48 min
May 31, 9:14 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPHIBerks46 min
May 31, 9:31 PM EDTTornado WarningBGMPike89 min
May 31, 9:37 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningBGMLackawanna63 min
May 31, 9:39 PM EDTTornado WarningPHIBerks, Chester36 min
May 31, 9:43 PM EDTTornado WarningPHIBucks32 min
May 31, 9:56 PM EDTTornado WarningOKXOrange, Putnam59 min
May 31, 9:56 PM EDTTornado WarningOKXRockland59 min

The nearest sounding before it

Washington/Dulle, VA (KIAD), launched 12:00Z, 9.0 hours before the alert went out and 249 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Washington/Dulle, VA at 12:00Z on 1998-05-31Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 917 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Washington/Dulle, VA at 12:00Z on 1998-05-31The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 53 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
917 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-147 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1159 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
23 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
53 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
83 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.3

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

077 
WWUS9 KMKC 312034 COR
SEL1  
MKC WW 312034 COR
PAZ000-NJZ000-NYZ000-CTZ000-010200-

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 481
STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
434 PM EDT SUN MAY 31 1998

THE STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A
TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF

CENTRAL AND EASTERN PENNSYLVANIA
CENTRAL AND NORTHERN NEW JERSEY
SOUTHEAST NEW YORK
WESTERN LONG ISLAND
SOUTHWEST CONNECTICUT
AND ADJACENT COASTAL WATERS

EFFECTIVE THIS SUNDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING FROM 500 PM UNTIL 1000
PM EDT.

TORNADOES...HAIL TO 2 INCHES IN DIAMETER...THUNDERSTORM WIND GUSTS
TO 80 MPH...AND DANGEROUS LIGHTNING ARE POSSIBLE IN THESE AREAS.

THE TORNADO WATCH AREA IS ALONG AND 55 STATUTE MILES NORTH AND
SOUTH OF A LINE FROM 5 MILES SOUTH OF PHILIPSBURG PENNSYLVANIA TO
10 MILES SOUTHEAST OF ISLIP NEW YORK.

REMEMBER...A TORNADO WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE FOR
TORNADOES AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH AREA. 
PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR THREATENING
WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS AND POSSIBLE
WARNINGS.

OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...  CONTINUE...WW 477...WW 478...WW
479...WW 480...

DISCUSSION...THREAT FOR SEVERE STORMS WILL INCREASE THIS EVENING AS
CAP BEGINS TO BREAK. AIRMASS IS VERY UNSTABLE AND DEEP LAYER SHEAR
PROFILES ARE SUPPORTIVE OF BOTH BOW ECHOES AND SUPERCELL TORNADOES.


AVIATION...TORNADOES AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL
SURFACE AND ALOFT TO 2 INCHES.  EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE WIND
GUSTS TO 70 KNOTS.  A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO 500. 
MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 26040.


...VESCIO

413,0780 412,0725 395,0725 400,0780

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
May 31, 3:00 PM EDTTornado WatchSPC5 hr
May 31, 5:45 PM EDTTornado WatchSPC5 hr
May 31, 9:00 AM EDTTornado WatchSPCCattaraugus, Cayuga, Chautauqua, Clinton, Erie, Essex and 21 more6 hr
May 31, 3:30 PM EDTTornado WatchSPCAllegany, Cattaraugus, Cayuga, Chautauqua, Chemung, Erie and 10 more7 hr
May 31, 10:30 AM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPCBeaver, Butler, Crawford, Erie, Lawrence, Mercer and 1 more5 hr
May 31, 6:30 PM EDTTornado WatchSPCAllegheny, Armstrong, Bedford, Blair, Cambria, Clearfield and 7 more7 hr

Nearby

Tornado Watches in Pennsylvania, 1998Tornado Watches in New Jersey, 1998Tornado Watches in New York, 1998Every tornado watch in 1998

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive.