Alert archive / Kentucky / Tornado Watches in 1998

Tornado Watch 231

April 16, 19984 states

The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at Apr 16, 1998, 1:45 PM EST for 4 states. It was in force for 6 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Apr 16, 1998, 1:45 PM EST (18:45 UTC)
Expired
Apr 16, 1998, 8:00 PM EST
In force
6 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
All 113 counties

Bartholomew County, IN, Blackford County, IN, Brown County, IN, Clark County, IN, Crawford County, IN, Dearborn County, IN, Decatur County, IN, Delaware County, IN, Dubois County, IN, Fayette County, IN, Floyd County, IN, Franklin County, IN, Hancock County, IN, Harrison County, IN, Henry County, IN, Jackson County, IN, Jay County, IN, Jefferson County, IN, Jennings County, IN, Johnson County, IN, Lawrence County, IN, Martin County, IN, Monroe County, IN, Ohio County, IN, Orange County, IN, Perry County, IN, Pike County, IN, Randolph County, IN, Ripley County, IN, Rush County, IN, Scott County, IN, Shelby County, IN, Spencer County, IN, Switzerland County, IN, Union County, IN, Vanderburgh County, IN, Warrick County, IN, Washington County, IN, Wayne County, IN, Allen County, KY, Anderson County, KY, Barren County, KY, Boone County, KY, Breckinridge County, KY, Bullitt County, KY, Butler County, KY, Caldwell County, KY, Calloway County, KY, Campbell County, KY, Carroll County, KY, Christian County, KY, Crittenden County, KY, Daviess County, KY, Edmonson County, KY, Franklin County, KY, Gallatin County, KY, Grant County, KY, Graves County, KY, Grayson County, KY, Hancock County, KY, Hardin County, KY, Hart County, KY, Henderson County, KY, Henry County, KY, Hopkins County, KY, Jefferson County, KY, Kenton County, KY, Larue County, KY, Livingston County, KY, Logan County, KY, Lyon County, KY, Marshall County, KY, McLean County, KY, Meade County, KY, Muhlenberg County, KY, Nelson County, KY, Ohio County, KY, Oldham County, KY, Owen County, KY, Pendleton County, KY, Shelby County, KY, Simpson County, KY, Spencer County, KY, Todd County, KY, Trigg County, KY, Trimble County, KY, Union County, KY, Warren County, KY, Washington County, KY, Webster County, KY, Auglaize County, OH, Butler County, OH, Champaign County, OH, Clark County, OH, Clermont County, OH, Clinton County, OH, Darke County, OH, Delaware County, OH, Fayette County, OH, Franklin County, OH, Greene County, OH, Hamilton County, OH, Logan County, OH, Madison County, OH, Mercer County, OH, Miami County, OH, Montgomery County, OH, Morrow County, OH, Preble County, OH, Shelby County, OH, Union County, OH, Warren County, OH, Robertson County, TN

The radar

The Louisville radar (KLVX), 45 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 18:49 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Warnings issued inside it

17 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 16, 2:26 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPAHChristian34 min
Apr 16, 2:51 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningPAHTodd49 min
Apr 16, 2:52 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXJay63 min
Apr 16, 3:02 PM ESTTornado WarningPAHTodd18 min
Apr 16, 3:09 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningLMKLogan31 min
Apr 16, 3:11 PM ESTTornado WarningIWXJay49 min
Apr 16, 3:26 PM ESTTornado WarningLMKLogan, Warren49 min
Apr 16, 3:35 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNMercer65 min
Apr 16, 4:04 PM ESTTornado WarningLMKAllen, Barren46 min
Apr 16, 4:14 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNFranklin56 min
Apr 16, 4:44 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNPreble46 min
Apr 16, 4:57 PM ESTTornado WarningOHXCheatham, Robertson63 min
Apr 16, 5:00 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WarningILNMontgomery35 min
Apr 16, 5:18 PM ESTTornado WarningOHXRobertson47 min
Apr 16, 5:34 PM ESTFlash Flood WarningOHXDavidson, Robertson, Sumner, Wilson3 hr
Apr 16, 7:03 PM ESTTornado WarningOHXRobertson, Sumner32 min
Apr 16, 7:08 PM ESTFlash Flood WarningLMKBarren, Warren112 min

The nearest sounding before it

Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), launched 12:00Z, 6.8 hours before the alert went out and 224 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Nashville Metro, TN at 12:00Z on 1998-04-16Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 76 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Nashville Metro, TN at 12:00Z on 1998-04-16The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 13 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
76 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-20 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
585 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
48 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
13 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
180 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
-0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

189 
WWUS9 KMKC 161825
SEL1  
MKC WW 161825
KYZ000-INZ000-OHZ000-170100-

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 231
STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
125 PM CDT THU APR 16 1998

THE STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A
TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF

   WESTERN AND CENTRAL KENTUCKY                           
   SOUTHEAST INDIANA                            
   SOUTHWEST OHIO                               

EFFECTIVE THIS THURSDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING FROM 145 PM UNTIL 800
PM CDT.

TORNADOES...HAIL TO 2 INCHES IN DIAMETER...THUNDERSTORM WIND GUSTS
TO 80 MPH...AND DANGEROUS LIGHTNING ARE POSSIBLE IN THESE AREAS.

THE TORNADO WATCH AREA IS ALONG AND 75 STATUTE MILES EAST AND WEST
OF A LINE FROM 15 MILES SOUTHWEST OF FORT CAMPBELL KENTUCKY TO 50
MILES NORTH NORTHEAST OF DAYTON OHIO.

REMEMBER...A TORNADO WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE FOR
TORNADOES AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH AREA. 
PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR THREATENING
WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS AND POSSIBLE
WARNINGS.

OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...  CONTINUE...WW 228...WW 230...

DISCUSSION...INCREASING THREAT FOR SUPERCELLS AND POSSIBLE
TORNADOES THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING AHEAD OF COLD FRONT AS REGION
OF ASCENT ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH LEVEL IMPULSE NOW OVER ERN AR SWEEPS
NEWD.  STRENGTH OF VERTICAL SHEAR...MID LEVEL SW FLOW IN EXCESS OF
70 KTS...INSTABILITY /CAPE TO 1500 J/KG/...AND MODEST FRONTAL
CONVERGENCE SUFFICIENT FOR SUSTAINED UPDRAFT DEVELOPMENT.

AVIATION...TORNADOES AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL
SURFACE AND ALOFT TO 2 INCHES.  EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE WIND
GUSTS TO 70 KNOTS.  A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO 450. 
MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 24045.


...CORFIDI

363,0890 403,0851 403,0822 363,0861

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 15, 8:45 PM ESTTornado WatchSPCBartholomew, Brown, Clark, Clay, Crawford, Daviess and 42 more5 hr
Apr 15, 10:15 PM ESTTornado WatchSPCOhio, Switzerland6 hr
Apr 15, 11:00 PM ESTTornado WatchSPCGibson, Posey5 hr
Apr 16, 1:45 AM ESTTornado WatchSPCBartholomew, Clark, Crawford, Dearborn, Decatur, Dubois and 15 more5 hr
Apr 16, 12:30 PM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPCAdams, Allen, DeKalb, Elkhart, Huntington, Kosciusko and 7 more
Apr 16, 7:00 AM ESTTornado WatchSPCAdair, Bell, Boyle, Breathitt, Casey, Clay and 21 more6 hr
Apr 16, 4:00 PM ESTTornado WatchSPCCalloway6 hr
Apr 16, 4:30 PM ESTTornado WatchSPCAdair, Allen, Anderson, Barren, Bath, Bourbon and 47 more7 hr
Apr 16, 6:00 PM ESTTornado WatchSPCAdams, Ashland, Athens, Brown, Carroll, Coshocton and 42 more6 hr
Apr 16, 12:00 AM ESTTornado WatchSPCCrockett, Dyer, Gibson, Haywood, Henry, Lake and 5 more5 hr
Apr 16, 4:30 AM ESTTornado WatchSPCBedford, Benton, Carroll, Cheatham, Chester, Crockett and 34 more6 hr
Apr 16, 7:30 AM ESTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPCLake, Lauderdale, Shelby, Tipton6 hr
Apr 16, 10:00 AM ESTTornado WatchSPCBedford, Benton, Cannon, Carroll, Cheatham, Chester and 39 more6 hr
Apr 16, 1:00 PM ESTTornado WatchSPCAnderson, Bledsoe, Blount, Bradley, Campbell, Claiborne and 36 more6 hr

Nearby

Tornado Watches in Kentucky, 1998Tornado Watches in Indiana, 1998Tornado Watches in Ohio, 1998Every tornado watch in 1998

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.