Alert archive / Oklahoma / Tornado Warnings in 1996

Tornado Warning 31, NWS Tulsa, OK

April 28, 1996Osage County, Oklahoma

NWS Tulsa, OK issued this tornado warning at Apr 28, 1996, 12:56 AM CDT for Osage County, Oklahoma. It was in force for 34 min. 6 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Apr 28, 1996, 12:56 AM CDT (05:56 UTC)
Expired
Apr 28, 1996, 1:30 AM CDT
In force
34 min
Issued by
NWS Tulsa, OK
Area
Whole counties

County Osage County, OK

The radar

The Tulsa radar (KINX), 90 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 05:58 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Apr 28, 1:00 AM CDTThunderstorm Wind 52Burbank, OK
Apr 28, 1:10 AM CDTHail 2.5Shidler, OK
Apr 28, 1:16 AM CDTHail 1.75Foraker, OK
Apr 28, 1:19 AM CDTThunderstorm Wind 59Shidler, OK
Apr 28, 1:23 AM CDTHail 1Foraker, OK
Apr 28, 1:26 AM CDTHail 1.25Pawhuska, OK

NCEI Storm Data entries that began inside the alert's area while it was in force. Before 2003 the local storm report archive is thin, so this is the record of what happened rather than what was phoned in.

The nearest sounding before it

Norman, OK (KOUN), launched 00:00Z, 5.9 hours before the alert went out and 181 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Norman, OK at 00:00Z on 1996-04-28Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 1118 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Norman, OK at 00:00Z on 1996-04-28The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 204 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1118 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-65 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1297 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
64 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
204 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
405 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
1.4
Supercell composite
7.9

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
TTAA00 KTUL 280557
TORTUL
OKC113-280630-
 
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
1256 AM CDT SUN APR 28 1996
 
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN TULSA HAS ISSUED A
TORNADO WARNING EFFECTIVE UNTIL  130 AM CDT
FOR PEOPLE IN THE FOLLOWING LOCATION...
 
IN NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA
 
   ...WESTERN OSAGE COUNTY
 
AT 1255 AM WEATHER SERVICE RADAR INDICATED A POSSIBLE TORNADO LOCATED
ABOUT 10 MILES WEST NORTHWEST OF BURBANK...MOVING EAST AROUND 30 MPH.
BURBANK AND SHIDLER ARE NEAR THE PATH OF THIS STORM.
 
THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM PRODUCING THE POSSIBLE TORNADO IS CAPABLE
OF PRODUCING HAIL TO GOLF BALL SIZE AND WINDS UP TO 70 MPH.  PERSONS
IN THE WARNED AREA SHOULD TAKE COVER IMMEDIATELY!
 
 
THIS IS A DANGEROUS STORM SITUATION.  ACT QUICKLY.  IF YOU ARE IN THE
PATH OF THIS TORNADO MOVE TO A SHELTER BELOW GROUND IF AVAILABLE.
OTHERWISE...GO TO A SMALL INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR POSSIBLE.
STAY AWAY FROM OUTSIDE WALL"S AND AVOID WINDOWS.  ABANDON CARS AND
MOBILE HOMES FOR A REINFORCED BUILDING OR GET IN A GROUND DEPRESSION.
 
KEEP TUNED TO THIS STATION FOR THE LATEST WEATHER BULLETINS.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Tulsa, OK wrote its last area forecast discussion before this tornado warning went out at Apr 27, 8:32 PM CDT, 4 hours 24 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Apr 27, 8:32 PM CDT, 4 hours 24 minutes before
EASTERN OKLAHOMA/NORTHWEST ARKANSAS FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
830 PM CDT SAT APR 27 1996

LATEST SFC MAP COMPLEX..WITH SFC LOW BTWN AMA AND LBB...WRMFNT AND
ASSOC STG MOISTR CNVRGNCE JUST N OF KS/MO BRDR...APRNT 2NDRY WRMFNT
ALNG RED RIVER (WITH WK SFC RDGG OVR CTRL AR)...AND APRNT CDFNT FRM
WRN NBRKSKA TO NE CO.  00Z SNDGS STILL CAPPED...BUT QUITE UNSTBL
THANKS TO 14 TO 15 DGR 850 MB DWPTS ON OUN/FWD SNDGS.  88D SHOWS
APRNTLY ELEV RW/TRW DVLPG BTWN PNC AND ICT MOVG E.  WHEN CAP
BREAKS...MDT INSTBY RELEASED (ELEV CAPES OF 1000 TO 1500) WHICH
SHUD LEAD TO STG/SVR TSTM DVLPMNT...MOST LKLY DURG NXT SVRL HRS
ACRS SRN KS AND PERHAPS XTRM NRN OK.

MDL DATA INDCT ALL INGRED (NOSE OF LLJ...STG LLVL THETA-E ADVCTN...
LIFT IN RRQ OF UPR JET LT TNGT...DIFFLUENT THCKNSS PTRN) WL BE
PRESENT FOR MCS DVLPMNT OVR SRN KS AFTR MDNGT TNGT...TRACKG ESE OVR
SE KS/NE OK/SW MO/NW AR DURG NGT.  FURTHR S ACRS SE OK...AMS WL
REMAIN STGLY CAPPED...AND CHCS FOR RAIN TNGT MUCH LWR.  WL CONT HI
POPS NRN ZNS...WL LWR POPS BLO 50 IN SRN ZNS.  WL CONT MENT OF SVR
MOST ZNS DUE TO FVRBL INSTBY/SHEAR...THO BEST CHC WL LKLY BE ALNG/N
OF TUL-FYV LN.  WL ALSO CONT MENT OF HVY RN NE ZNS.  IF MCS DOES
DVLP...CUD SEE RNFL AMTS OF 1 TO 3 INCHES IN ITS PATH.  NOT CERTAIN
IF MCS WUD TRACK OVR FCST AREA OR JUST N OF AREA...SO WL HOLD OFF
ON FLASH FLOOD WATCH FOR NE ZNS FOR NOW...WL REEVAL ARND MIDNGT.

NOT SURE HOW FAR S CDFNT WL GET BY TMRW MRNG...THO THINK IT WL BE
N AND W OF TUL ARND DAWN.  THIS AND INCRSG SFC DWPTS PLUS WIND LEAD
ME TO INCRS LOW TEMPS TNGT IN MANY ZNS...55 TO 60 LOOKS OKAY OVR NW
AR AND ALNG KS/OK BRDR...BUT PROB WL STAY ABV 60 ELSWHR.  FOR TMRW
WL NOT ADJUST PCPN FCST ATTM...BUT WL MASSAGE TEMP FCST UP A LTL
CTRL/SRN ZNS DUE TO PSBLTY OF LATER THAN XPCTD CDFNTL PASSAGE...WL
ADD GUSTY TO WINDS AS WELL...WL FEEL NOTICEABLY COLDER THAN TDAY.

AFTR TNGT/TMRW MRNG PCPN...CUD GET BREAK UNTIL LT IN THE DAY OR
TMRW NGT AS STG S/W APRCHS AND PRODS OVRRNG PCPN OVR FCST AREA.
POPS TMRW SEEM AWFULLY HI...BUT WL LET NXT SHIFT REEVAL THIS AFTR
LOOKING AT NXT MDL RUN.  MIGHT EVEN SEE ANOTHR SVR WX THREAT
TMRW AFTN SE ZNS IF CDFNT SLOWS DOWN (PSBLTY AS FLOW ALOFT BCMS
PARALLEL TO SFC BNDRY).

NO OTHR CHGS PLANNED ATTM.

PW
.TUL...
OK...NONE.
AR...NONE.

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Apr 27, 8:04 PM CDT, 4 hours 52 minutes before
ARZ001-002-010-011-019-029-OKZ054>077-281200-

EASTERN OKLAHOMA/NORTHWEST ARKANSAS THUNDERSTORM OUTLOOK...UPDATED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
805 PM CDT SAT APR 27 1996

A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE OVER EASTERN OKLAHOMA AND
NORTHWEST ARKANSAS LATER TONIGHT.

A LAYER OF WARM AIR IN THE MID LEVELS OF THE ATMOSPHERE HAS
PROVIDED A STRONG CAP OVER THE AREA THAT HAS PREVENTED THUNDERSTORM
DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE AFTERNOON AND EARLY EVENING HOURS.

HOWEVER...A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE STILL POSSIBLE LATER
TONIGHT.  EARLY THIS EVENING A LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM WAS DEVELOPING
OVER THE TEXAS PANHANDLE WITH A WARM FRONT EXTENDING ACROSS
SOUTHERN KANSAS.  A FEW SHOWERS HAVE DEVELOPED NEAR THE WARM FRONT
ALONG THE KANSAS BORDER...AND ADDITIONAL DEVELOPMENT IS EXPECTED
AS A STRONG SOUTHERLY JET STREAM CONTINUES TO PULL MOIST AIR
NORTHWARD.  AS STORMS DEVELOP ALONG THE WARM FRONT THEY ARE
EXPECTED TO TRACK TO THE EAST OR SOUTHEAST TOWARD NORTHEAST
OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST ARKANSAS.

THE STORMS COULD FORM A COMPLEX THAT WOULD BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING
SEVERE WEATHER...MAINLY IN THE FORM OF STRONG DAMAGING WINDS OR
HAIL.  THE MAIN THREAT FOR EASTERN OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST ARKANSAS
WOULD BE GENERALLY AFTER MIDNIGHT...HOWEVER NEAR THE KANSAS BORDER
A FEW STORMS COULD BECOME SEVERE THIS EVENING.  THE THREAT OF
SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WOULD ALSO BE CONFINED MAINLY TO THE NORTH OF
I-40 WITH THE GREATEST THREAT NEAR THE KANS<AS AND MISSOURI BORDERS.

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCIES AND STORM SPOTTER GROUPS SHOULD
CONTINUE TO MONITOR THIS WEATHER SITUATION AND BE PREPARED FOR
POSSIBLE ACTIVATION LATER TONIGHT.

The office that day

Everything else NWS Tulsa, OK issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Apr 28, 12:25 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSAOsage65 min
Apr 28, 1:20 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSAWashington40 min
Apr 28, 1:27 AM CDTTornado WarningTSAOsage33 min
Apr 28, 1:32 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSANowata43 min
Apr 28, 1:55 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSAWashington35 min
Apr 28, 2:00 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSACraig45 min
Apr 28, 2:04 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSAOsage56 min
Apr 28, 2:16 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSANowata44 min
Apr 28, 2:18 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSAOttawa57 min
Apr 28, 2:40 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSAWashington35 min
Apr 28, 2:46 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSANowata44 min
Apr 28, 3:13 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSACraig47 min
Apr 28, 3:35 AM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSAOttawa40 min
Apr 28, 4:57 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSAPittsburg33 min
Apr 28, 5:03 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSAMuskogee27 min
Apr 28, 5:21 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSASequoyah54 min
Apr 28, 5:32 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSACherokee28 min
Apr 28, 5:49 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSAAdair41 min
Apr 28, 5:51 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSALeFlore54 min
Apr 28, 6:24 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSALeFlore, Sequoyah51 min
Apr 28, 6:41 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningTSALeFlore49 min

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in Oklahoma, 1996Every tornado warning in 1996Tornadoes in 1996

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; verification from NCEI's Storm Data; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.