Tornadoes · United States · Oklahoma · 2019
EF1 tornado, Bernice to Afton, Oklahoma, April 30, 2019
From Bernice to Afton, this EF1 tornado ran 4.1 miles across Ottawa and Delaware counties on April 30, 2019, touching down at 5:33 PM CDT and reaching 1,100 yards wide. It killed nobody, and did $75,000 of property damage.
The rating scale
Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.
EF065 to 85 mph
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
EF186 to 110 mphthis tornado
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
EF2111 to 135 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
EF3136 to 165 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
EF4166 to 200 mph
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
EF5over 200 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.
The record
- Rating
- EF1
- Date
- April 30, 2019
- Touchdown
- 5:33 PM CDT (22:33 UTC)
- Lifted
- 5:41 PM CDT (22:41 UTC)
- On the ground
- 8 minutes
- Path length
- 4.1 miles (6.6 km)
- Path width
- 1,100 yards (1006 m)
- Deaths
- 0
- Injuries
- 0
- Property damage
- $75,000
- Counties
- Ottawa and Delaware counties
- Touchdown point
- 36.635, -94.956
- Lift-off point
- 36.679, -94.906
- Record number
- 1904301633-01
The damage survey
66 damage points were recorded along this path by NWS TSA, in the Damage Assessment Toolkit the survey teams carry. The strongest indicator was rated EF1. The highest wind the damage implies is 100 mph.
Survey points are preliminary and are the raw material the published rating was built from. Source: NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit.
What the Weather Service recorded
Strong to severe thunderstorms developed across eastern Oklahoma during the early afternoon hours of the 30th, to the east of a stationary frontal boundary that was located across north-central Oklahoma into northwest Texas. Moderately strong instability combined with strong wind shear resulted in the development of supercell thunderstorms, which produced multiple tornadoes, including two strong tornadoes, large hail up to half dollar size, and damaging winds. Locally heavy rainfall also occurred across portions of northeastern Oklahoma, which resulted in flash flooding.
This is the first segment of a two-segment tornado. In Delaware County, this large tornado developed south of the E 260 Road and west of the S 4520 Road. It moved northeast snapping and uprooting numerous trees, damaging a home, damaging barns and outbuildings, and snapping power poles. The tornado was observed by multiple people. Based on this damage, maximum estimated wind in this segment of the tornado was 90 to 100 mph. The tornado continued into Ottawa County.
This is the second segment of a two-segment tornado. In Ottawa County, the tornado snapped large tree limbs before dissipating south of Highway 59. It was observed by multiple people. Based on the damage, maximum estimated wind in this segment of the tornado was 75 to 85 mph.
From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before the tornado touched down, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Tulsa, OK wrote its last area forecast discussion before the tornado touched down at Apr 30, 3:39 PM CDT, 1 hour 54 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Apr 30, 3:39 PM CDT, 1 hour 54 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Tulsa OK
339 PM CDT Tue Apr 30 2019
.DISCUSSION...
Active late April severe weather ongoing with numerous warnings at
this time. Surface boundary has remained quasi-stationary from
parts of northeast OK just north of Tulsa into southwestern OK,
with discrete/semi-discrete thunderstorms within the large warm
sector across the region. Southwesterly 0-6km bulk shear on the
order of 40-50 kts has been favorable for rotating supercells both
near and ahead of the surface boundary, and this will persist
through the remainder of the afternoon. Bulk of CAM solutions
suggests that the activity will eventually develop into a few
lines/clusters of storms, with the activity eventually surging
east/southeast into parts of western Arkansas and southeast OK.
Deep-layered southwesterly flow parallel to the surface boundary
along with unseasonably high PWATs on the order of 2 inches will
also result in areas of heavy rainfall and flooding. A Flash Flood
Watch will remain in effect through the night, and later shifts
may need to extend into Wednesday if deemed necessary.
Coverage/severity of convection on Wednesday remains quite
uncertain at this time. While ongoing convection early Wednesday
may work over the atmosphere to some degree, atmospheric
conditions will remain favorable tomorrow afternoon for additional
severe weather.
Weather pattern will remain active late week with the forecast
area remaining along the southerly edge of the stronger
westerlies. Storm chances appear to favor the southern portions of
the region during the Thursday/Friday time-frame. Low storm chance
were maintained for most of the extended forecast as the active
westerly/northwesterly upper flow persists.
&&
.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
TUL 64 79 63 76 / 90 40 50 50
FSM 66 80 65 79 / 90 60 60 60
MLC 65 78 64 79 / 90 60 60 50
BVO 61 78 59 72 / 80 40 60 30
FYV 64 77 62 76 / 90 60 50 60
BYV 63 79 62 76 / 90 60 50 60
MKO 64 79 63 77 / 90 50 50 50
MIO 63 78 61 73 / 80 50 60 50
F10 65 78 63 78 / 90 50 50 50
HHW 66 79 65 78 / 80 60 70 60
&&
.TSA WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
OK...Flash Flood Watch through Wednesday morning for OKZ049-053>076.
AR...Flash Flood Watch through Wednesday morning for ARZ001-002-010-
011-019-020-029.
&&
LONG TERM....18Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 30, 4:50 PM CDT, 43 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Tulsa OK 450 PM CDT Tue Apr 30 2019 ARZ001-002-010-011-019-020-029-OKZ049-053>076-011030- Adair OK-Benton AR-Carroll AR-Cherokee OK-Choctaw OK-Craig OK- Crawford AR-Creek OK-Delaware OK-Franklin AR-Haskell OK-Latimer OK- Le Flore OK-Madison AR-Mayes OK-McIntosh OK-Muskogee OK-Nowata OK- Okfuskee OK-Okmulgee OK-Osage OK-Ottawa OK-Pawnee OK-Pittsburg OK- Pushmataha OK-Rogers OK-Sebastian AR-Sequoyah OK-Tulsa OK-Wagoner OK- Washington OK-Washington AR- 450 PM CDT Tue Apr 30 2019 This Outlook is for Northwest and West Central Arkansas as well as much of Eastern Oklahoma. ...Severe Weather Ongoing with Flooding Possible Late This Afternoon into Tonight... ...Flash Flood Watch in Effect Through Tonight... .DAY ONE...This Evening and Tonight. TORNADO. RISK...Elevated. AREA...Eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas. ONSET...Ongoing. SEVERE THUNDERSTORM. RISK...Critical. AREA...Eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas. ONSET...Ongoing. FLASH FLOOD. RISK...Elevated. AREA...Eastern Oklahoma and northwest Arkansas. ONSET...Ongoing. HEAVY RAIN. RISK...Significant. AREA...Eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas. ONSET...Ongoing. DISCUSSION... Strong to severe thunderstorms will persist along and ahead of a stalled frontal boundary across northeast Oklahoma late this afternoon and into the evening hours. These storms pose a tornado threat into the early evening hours, especially for any storms near the stalled front or any discrete cells. Thunderstorms are expected to eventually develop into several clusters or lines later this evening and overnight, and shift into portions of southeast Oklahoma and western Arkansas. The main threat will transition to damaging winds, although isolated tornadoes will remain possible along the leading edge of any thunderstorm line. Locally heavy rainfall will also occur as thunderstorms train from southwest to northeast. Widespread rainfall amounts of 2 to 4 inches are expected, along with locally higher amounts. This will result in some flash flooding along with some main stem river flooding as well. SPOTTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ACTION STATEMENT... Activation of the Regional Spotter Network Expected. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Wednesday through Monday. WEDNESDAY...Severe Thunderstorm Potential...Heavy Rain Potential. THURSDAY...Severe Thunderstorm Potential. FRIDAY through MONDAY...Thunderstorm Potential. EXTENDED DISCUSSION... Thunderstorm chances are forecast to continue into Wednesday with the greater potential shifting into southeast Oklahoma and northwest Arkansas Wednesday afternoon and night. Large hail, damaging winds and very heavy rainfall will again be possible in the stronger storms. EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PLANNING STATEMENT... Emergency management officials should be prepared for the potential of severe weather and flooding today into Wednesday. weather.gov/tulsa contains additional information.
In the hours before
Local storm report, Apr 30, 4:03 PM CDT, 1 hour 30 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
403 PM CDT TUE APR 30 2019
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0358 PM TSTM WND DMG 2 NW TALALA 36.55N 95.73W
04/30/2019 ROGERS OK BROADCAST MEDIA
POWER LINES DOWN NORTHWEST OF TALALA ALONG SOUTH 4100
ROAD BETWEEN E 0300 AND E 290 JUST WEST OF HIGHWAY 169.
PICTURE RECEIVED VIA SOCIAL MEDIA.
&&
SJCLocal storm report, Apr 30, 4:37 PM CDT, 56 minutes before
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</html>The air that afternoon
The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.
Springfield, MO (KSGF), 12:00Z
10.6 hours before the tornado, 104 km from the path. April 30, 2019.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 1237 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -43 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 256 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 721 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 28 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 26 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 172 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 180 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 2.3
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- 4.2 K/km
Springfield, MO (KSGF), 00:00Z
1.4 hours after it, 104 km from the path. May 1, 2019.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 390 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -76 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 1304 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 893 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 41 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 21 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 158 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 312 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.2
- Supercell composite
- 4.0
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- 5.8 K/km
The surface observations
Grove Municipal Airport (GMJ), 18 km from the path, in the two hours either side.
| Time (UTC) | Temp (°F) | Dew point (°F) | Wind | Gust (kt) | Pressure (mb) | Weather |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 00:00 UTC |
From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.
The radar
The Tulsa radar (KINX), 78 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 22:30 UTC.
Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track
Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.
This ground now
The live radar over the trackEvery 2019 tornado in OklahomaEvery tornado in Oklahoma since 1950Warnings in force in Oklahoma nowThe forecast where you are
The other tornadoes of April 30, 2019
55 more were confirmed in the United States that day.
| Date | Time | Rating | Where | Path (mi) | Width (yd) | Deaths | Injuries | Damage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| April 30 | 11:53 AM CDT | EF1 | Lincoln, OK | 3.0 | 30 | $3,000 | ||
| April 30 | 12:09 PM CDT | Unrated | Murray, OK | 0.3 | 50 | |||
| April 30 | 12:13 PM CDT | EF1 | Payne, OK | 0.5 | 20 | $20,000 | ||
| April 30 | 12:22 PM CDT | EF1 | Murray, OK | 1.9 | 30 | $1,000 | ||
| April 30 | 1:18 PM CDT | Unrated | Labette, KS | 0.2 | 50 | |||
| April 30 | 2:03 PM CDT | EF0 | Okmulgee, OK | 2.5 | 100 | $30,000 | ||
| April 30 | 2:14 PM CDT | EF0 | Osage, OK | 1.2 | 50 | |||
| April 30 | 2:29 PM CDT | EF1 | Wagoner, OK | 2.3 | 150 | $30,000 | ||
| April 30 | 2:44 PM CDT | EF2 | Washington, OK | 9.8 | 1,300 | $125,000 | ||
| April 30 | 2:51 PM CDT | Unrated | Rogers, OK | 0.1 | 50 | |||
| April 30 | 2:57 PM CDT | EF1 | Nowata, OK | 7.5 | 900 | |||
| April 30 | 3:02 PM CDT | EF1 | Wagoner, OK | 7.8 | 300 | $20,000 | ||
| April 30 | 3:05 PM CDT | EF1 | Boone, AR | 6.6 | 400 | $700,000 | ||
| April 30 | 3:22 PM CDT | EF1 | Lawrence, MO | 3.8 | 100 | $150,000 | ||
| April 30 | 3:42 PM CDT | EF1 | McDonald, MO | 12.3 | 880 | $650,000 | ||
| April 30 | 3:50 PM CDT | EF1 | Taney, MO | 5.4 | 100 | $25,000 | ||
| April 30 | 3:51 PM CDT | Unrated | Mayes, OK | 0.1 | 50 | |||
| April 30 | 3:51 PM CDT | Unrated | Tillman, OK | 0.2 | 30 | |||
| April 30 | 3:52 PM CDT | EF0 | Montgomery, IL | 1.2 | 25 | |||
| April 30 | 4:13 PM CDT | EF0 | Pecos, TX | 0.9 | 200 | |||
| April 30 | 4:15 PM CDT | EF1 | Craig, OK | 6.3 | 800 | $20,000 | ||
| April 30 | 4:25 PM CDT | EF0 | Barry, MO | 5.0 | 200 | $35,000 | ||
| April 30 | 4:27 PM CDT | EF0 | Scurry, TX | 1.5 | 100 | |||
| April 30 | 4:29 PM CDT | EF1 | Ottawa, OK | 7.2 | 700 | $100,000 | ||
| April 30 | 4:34 PM CDT | Unrated | Clay, TX | 1.5 | 40 | |||
| April 30 | 4:36 PM CDT | EF1 | Clay, TX | 10.0 | 300 | $40,000 | ||
| April 30 | 5:15 PM CDT | EF0 | Taney, MO | 1.0 | 75 | $20,000 | ||
| April 30 | 5:41 PM CDT | Unrated | Barry, MO | 0.5 | 50 | |||
| April 30 | 6:15 PM CDT | EF0 | Christian, MO | 1.9 | 50 | |||
| April 30 | 6:25 PM CDT | EF1 | Denton, TX | 1.5 | 150 | $50,000 | ||
| April 30 | 6:44 PM CDT | EF1 | Douglas, MO | 8.6 | 200 | $75,000 | ||
| April 30 | 6:48 PM CDT | EF0 | Barry, MO | 1.9 | 75 | $8,000 | ||
| April 30 | 6:52 PM CDT | EF1 | Denton, TX | 2.9 | 250 | $200,000 | ||
| April 30 | 7:06 PM CDT | EF1 | Douglas, MO | 3.0 | 200 | |||
| April 30 | 7:30 PM CDT | EF1 | Wright, MO | 1.4 | 75 | $250,000 | ||
| April 30 | 7:39 PM CDT | EF1 | Dade, MO | 0.6 | 50 | $50,000 | ||
| April 30 | 7:40 PM CDT | EF1 | Polk, MO | 1.8 | 100 | $300,000 | ||
| April 30 | 7:58 PM CDT | EF0 | Wright, MO | 2.4 | 100 | $100,000 | ||
| April 30 | 8:15 PM CDT | EF1 | Greene, MO | 1.8 | 200 | $25,000 | ||
| April 30 | 8:21 PM CDT | EF1 | Greene, MO | 1.7 | 200 | $300,000 | ||
| April 30 | 8:28 PM CDT | EF2 | Christian, MO | 10.3 | 400 | 3 | $11 million | |
| April 30 | 8:30 PM CDT | EF0 | Dallas, MO | 1.5 | 50 | $68,000 | ||
| April 30 | 8:35 PM CDT | EF1 | Stone, MO | 23.3 | 100 | $125,000 | ||
| April 30 | 9:07 PM CDT | EF3 | Bryan, OK | 27.6 | 1,400 | 2 | 16 | $300,000 |
| April 30 | 9:34 PM CDT | EF1 | Coal, OK | 0.8 | 25 | $5,000 | ||
| April 30 | 9:35 PM CDT | EF1 | Wright, MO | 2.2 | 100 | $60,000 | ||
| April 30 | 9:40 PM CDT | EF0 | Douglas, MO | 2.9 | 100 | |||
| April 30 | 9:51 PM CDT | EF1 | Texas, MO | 5.6 | 100 | |||
| April 30 | 9:58 PM CDT | EF0 | Texas, MO | 6.0 | 50 | |||
| April 30 | 10:03 PM CDT | EF0 | Phelps, MO | 0.6 | 75 | $25,000 | ||
| April 30 | 10:06 PM CDT | EF0 | Phelps, MO | 5.1 | 75 | |||
| April 30 | 10:17 PM CDT | EF0 | Howell, MO | 2.2 | 100 | $12,000 | ||
| April 30 | 10:41 PM CDT | EF2 | Pittsburg, OK | 10.0 | 1,300 | 1 | $1.5 million | |
| April 30 | 11:26 PM CDT | EF1 | Iron, MO | 0.1 | 30 | |||
| April 30 | 11:51 PM CDT | EF1 | LeFlore, OK | 4.4 | 1,000 | $25,000 |
What this means
Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.
Sources
NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.