Tornadoes · United States · Oklahoma · 2016
EF2 tornado, Stilwell to Morrow, Oklahoma, March 23, 2016
From Stilwell to Morrow, this EF2 tornado ran 11.1 miles across Adair, Crawford and Washington counties on March 23, 2016, touching down at 9:51 PM CDT and reaching 800 yards wide. It killed nobody and injured 4, and did $375,000 of property damage.
The rating scale
Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.
EF065 to 85 mph
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
EF186 to 110 mph
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
EF2111 to 135 mphthis tornado
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
EF3136 to 165 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
EF4166 to 200 mph
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
EF5over 200 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.
The record
- Rating
- EF2
- Date
- March 23, 2016
- Touchdown
- 9:51 PM CDT (02:51 UTC)
- Lifted
- 10:06 PM CDT (03:06 UTC)
- On the ground
- 15 minutes
- Path length
- 11.1 miles (17.9 km)
- Path width
- 800 yards (732 m)
- Deaths
- 0
- Injuries
- 4
- Property damage
- $375,000
- Counties
- Adair, Crawford and Washington counties
- Touchdown point
- 35.692, -94.504
- Lift-off point
- 35.829, -94.410
- Record number
- 1603232051-02
The damage survey
34 damage points were recorded along this path by NWS TSA, in the Damage Assessment Toolkit the survey teams carry. The strongest indicator was rated EF2. The highest wind the damage implies is 122 mph.
- convergent tree damage; mh nnw
- many trees around this mobile home had trunks snapped
- chevy blazer thrown/rolled about 500 feet
Survey points are preliminary and are the raw material the published rating was built from. Source: NWS Damage Assessment Toolkit.
What the Weather Service recorded
Strong to severe thunderstorms developed along and ahead of a dry line over central Oklahoma during the late afternoon hours of the 23rd. The storms developed eastward across eastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas during the evening hours. The storms produced a strong tornado, hail up to golfball size, and damaging wind across eastern Oklahoma as they moved through the region.
Strong to severe thunderstorms developed along and ahead of a dry line over central Oklahoma during the late afternoon hours of the 23rd. The storms developed eastward across eastern Oklahoma and northwestern Arkansas during the evening hours. The storms produced a strong tornado and hail up to quarter size across northwestern Arkansas as they moved through the region.
This is the first segment of a three segment tornado. In Adair County, this tornado snapped or uprooted numerous trees. Based on this tree damage, maximum estimated wind in this segment of the tornado was 95 to 105 mph. The tornado continued into Crawford County, Arkansas.
This is the second segment of a three segment tornado. In Crawford County, this tornado destroyed a mobile home and snapped or uprooted numerous trees. Two people in the mobile home at the time the tornado hit were severely injured. Based on this damage, maximum estimated wind in this segment of the tornado was 110 to 120 mph. The tornado continued into Washington County, Arkansas.
This is the third segment of a three segment tornado. In Washington County, this tornado destroyed several mobile homes, rolled a sport utility vehicle several hundred feet, destroyed outbuildings, severely damaged two homes, and snapped or uprooted numerous trees. Two people were injured when a double-wide mobile home they were in was rolled. Based on this damage, maximum estimated wind in this segment of the tornado was 120 to 130 mph.
From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before the tornado touched down, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Tulsa, OK wrote its last area forecast discussion before the tornado touched down at Mar 23, 9:00 PM CDT, 51 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Mar 23, 9:00 PM CDT, 51 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE Tulsa OK
900 PM CDT WED MAR 23 2016
.DISCUSSION...
Scattered severe thunderstorms continue across portions of eastern
Oklahoma, mainly east of a Miami to McAlester line. The dryline has
stalled near a KBVO TO KSNL line with a cold front lurking to the
west across central Oklahoma. The front will begin to surge into
the area this evening and is expected to catch up with the line of
thunderstorms around 11 pm. This will allow the thunderstorms to
become more linear in nature. Expect the severe threat to end around
midnight with some lingering showers and thunderstorms continuing into
the overnight hours.
Will allow the Red Flag Warning to expire at 9 pm and will continue
the wind advisory until 1 am. Will continue to make adjustments to the
grids for tonight as the event wears on.
&&
.TSA Watches/Warnings/Advisories...
OK...Freeze Watch from late Thursday night through Friday morning for
OKZ054>059-061>063-068-069.
Wind Advisory until 1 AM CDT Thursday for OKZ054>071-073.
AR...Freeze Watch from late Thursday night through Friday morning for
ARZ001-002-010-011-019-020.
Wind Advisory until 1 AM CDT Thursday for ARZ001-010.
&&
SHORT TERM...10Hazardous weather outlook, Mar 23, 4:53 PM CDT, 4 hours 58 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK 453 PM CDT WED MAR 23 2016 ARZ001-002-010-011-019-020-029-OKZ049-053>076-241030- ADAIR OK-BENTON AR-CARROLL AR-CHEROKEE OK-CHOCTAW OK-CRAIG OK- CRAWFORD AR-CREEK OK-DELAWARE OK-FRANKLIN AR-HASKELL OK-LATIMER OK- LE FLORE OK-MADISON AR-MAYES OK-MCINTOSH OK-MUSKOGEE OK-NOWATA OK- OKFUSKEE OK-OKMULGEE OK-OSAGE OK-OTTAWA OK-PAWNEE OK-PITTSBURG OK- PUSHMATAHA OK-ROGERS OK-SEBASTIAN AR-SEQUOYAH OK-TULSA OK-WAGONER OK- WASHINGTON OK-WASHINGTON AR- 453 PM CDT WED MAR 23 2016 ...CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS ONGOING NORTHEAST OKLAHOMA... ...SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL INCREASES THIS EVENING... THIS OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHWEST AND WEST CENTRAL ARKANSAS AS WELL AS MUCH OF EASTERN OKLAHOMA. .DAY ONE...THIS EVENING AND TONIGHT. TORNADO. RISK...LIMITED. AREA...FAR EASTERN OKLAHOMA INTO NORTHWEST ARKANSAS. ONSET...AFTER 7 PM. SEVERE THUNDERSTORM. RISK...ELEVATED. AREA...ALONG AND EAST OF HIGHWAY 75. ONSET...AFTER 6 PM. SIGNIFICANT WINDS. RISK...ELEVATED. AREA...ALL EASTERN OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST ARKANSAS. ONSET...ONGOING. FIRE WEATHER DANGER. RISK...SIGNIFICANT. AREA...WEST OF A LINE FROM CRAIG TO MCINTOSH COUNTIES. ONSET...ONGOING. AREA AT GREATEST RISK...ALONG AND WEST OF HIGHWAY 75. DISCUSSION... CRITICAL FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS ARE ONGOING AND WILL CONTINUE TO SPREAD EASTWARD TOWARD THE HIGHWAY 75 CORRIDOR INTO THE EARLY EVENING HOURS. EXTREMELY LOW HUMIDITY VALUES AND VERY STRONG WINDS WILL CREATE DANGEROUSLY AGGRESSIVE WILDFIRE SPREAD POTENTIAL WITHIN THIS CORRIDOR. THUNDERSTORMS WILL INCREASE THIS EVENING ALONG AND WEST OF A LINE FROM TULSA TO MCALESTER. SUFFICIENT INSTABILITY AND WIND SHEAR ARE PRESENT TO SUPPORT SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL AS STORMS MOVE RAPIDLY TO THE NORTHEAST. FURTHERMORE... THE STRONGEST STORMS WILL POSE THE POTENTIAL FOR TORNADOES HOWEVER CONDITIONS ARE NOT FAVORABLE FOR A WIDESPREAD OR PROLONGED TORNADIC THREAT. SPOTTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ACTION STATEMENT... ACTIVATION OF THE REGIONAL SPOTTER NETWORK POSSIBLE. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY. THURSDAY...HIGH WIND POTENTIAL. FRIDAY...NO HAZARDS. SATURDAY AND SUNDAY...THUNDERSTORM POTENTIAL. MONDAY...NO HAZARDS. TUESDAY...VERY HIGH FIRE WEATHER POTENTIAL...HIGH WIND POTENTIAL. EXTENDED DISCUSSION... GUSTY NORTHWESTERLY WINDS WILL CONTINUE ON THURSDAY AS THE STRONG STORM SYSTEM MOVES EAST OF THE AREA. THE NEXT STORM SYSTEM ARRIVES OVER THE WEEKEND WITH INCREASING THUNDERSTORM CHANCES. WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/TULSA CONTAINS ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Mar 23, 8:55 PM CDT, 56 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
855 PM CDT WED MAR 23 2016
OKZ058-240230-
OTTAWA OK-
855 PM CDT WED MAR 23 2016
...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR SOUTHEASTERN OTTAWA COUNTY UNTIL
930 PM CDT...
AT 854 PM CDT...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED 4 MILES EAST OF
FAIRLAND...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 45 MPH.
NICKEL SIZE HAIL WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH THIS STORM.
LOCATIONS IN OR NEAR THE PATH INCLUDE...
FAIRLAND... WYANDOTTE...
PEORIA... TWIN BRIDGES STATE PARK...
THIS INCLUDES INTERSTATE 44 BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 322 AND 324.
A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT CDT FOR
NORTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA.
LAT...LON 3674 9462 3666 9474 3667 9476 3673 9490
3700 9462
TIME...MOT...LOC 0154Z 224DEG 40KT 3673 9476Special weather statement, Mar 23, 9:09 PM CDT, 42 minutes before
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</html>Local storm report, Mar 23, 9:46 PM CDT, 5 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TULSA OK
946 PM CDT WED MAR 23 2016
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0754 PM HAIL 2 N WAGONER 35.99N 95.37W
03/23/2016 E1.50 INCH WAGONER OK PUBLIC
SILVER DOLLAR SIZE HAIL AT WHITE HORN COVE, NORTH OF
WAGONER
&&
AEJThe air that afternoon
The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.
Springfield, MO (KSGF), 00:00Z
2.9 hours before the tornado, 140 km from the path. March 24, 2016.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 243 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -52 J/kg
- Surface CAPE
- 487 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1307 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 62 kt
- 0-1 km bulk shear
- 22 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 210 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 164 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.2
- Supercell composite
- 2.0
- 0-3 km lapse rate
- 6.8 K/km
The surface observations
Fayetteville/Drake (FYV), 38 km from the path, in the two hours either side.
| Time (UTC) | Temp (°F) | Dew point (°F) | Wind | Gust (kt) | Pressure (mb) | Weather |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 00:00 UTC |
From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.
The radar
The Western Arkansas radar (KSRX), 53 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 02:50 UTC.
Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track
Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.
This ground now
The live radar over the trackEvery 2016 tornado in OklahomaEvery tornado in Oklahoma since 1950Warnings in force in Oklahoma nowThe forecast where you are
The other tornadoes of March 23, 2016
2 more were confirmed in the United States that day.
What this means
Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.
Sources
NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.