Tornadoes · United States · Kansas · 2010

EF0 tornado, Horace, Kansas, May 25, 2010

Name: EF0 tornado, Horace, Kansas, May 25, 2010
Start: 2010-05-25T23:49:00.000Z
End: 2010-05-25T23:51:00.000Z
Location: Horace, Kansas

This EF0 tornado ran 0.6 miles across Greeley County on May 25, 2010, touching down at 5:49 PM MDT and reaching 25 yards wide. It killed nobody.

The rating scale

Tracks are drawn in the color of the rating. The Enhanced Fujita scale rates the damage rather than measuring the wind: the speeds are what that damage is taken to imply.

EF065 to 85 mphthis tornado
Light damage. Surface peeled off some roofs, gutters and siding damaged, branches broken, shallow-rooted trees pushed over.
EF186 to 110 mph
Moderate damage. Roofs badly stripped, mobile homes overturned or badly damaged, exterior doors lost, windows broken.
EF2111 to 135 mph
Considerable damage. Roofs torn off well-built houses, frame homes shifted on their foundations, mobile homes destroyed, large trees snapped or uprooted, cars lifted off the ground.
EF3136 to 165 mph
Severe damage. Whole stories of well-built houses destroyed, large buildings badly damaged, trains overturned, trees debarked, heavy cars lifted and thrown.
EF4166 to 200 mph
Devastating damage. Well-built houses leveled, structures with weak foundations moved some distance, cars thrown and large missiles generated.
EF5over 200 mph
Incredible damage. Strong frame houses swept off their foundations, car-sized missiles thrown more than 100 meters, steel-reinforced concrete badly damaged, high-rise buildings deformed.
Unrated
The survey recorded a tornado but could not put a number on it, most often because it crossed open country and damaged nothing a rating can be read from.

The record

Rating: EF0
Date: May 25, 2010
Touchdown: 5:49 PM MDT (23:49 UTC)
Lifted: 5:51 PM MDT (23:51 UTC)
On the ground: 2 minutes
Path length: 0.6 miles (1.0 km)
Path width: 25 yards (23 m)
Deaths: 0
Injuries: 0
County: Greeley County
Touchdown point: 38.609, -101.827
Lift-off point: 38.614, -101.817
Record number: 1005251749-01

What the Weather Service recorded

Several slow-moving supercells developed in extreme eastern Colorado and moved across Greeley, Wichita, Logan and Gove counties, producing five tornadoes and flash flooding.

Brief duration tornado viewed both from southern Wallace county and from northwest of Tribune.

Brief tornado viewed northwest of Tribune.

From NOAA NCEI's Storm Events Database, the narrative the local forecast office wrote for Storm Data.

The warnings

20 minutes of warning. NWS GLD issued a tornado warning for this county at 23:29 UTC, 20 minutes before the tornado touched down, in force until 00:30 UTC.

The county was under a severe thunderstorm watch, issued at 20:05 UTC and running to 03:00 UTC.

Issued (UTC)	Expired	Product	Office
20:05 UTC	03:00 UTC	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	GLD
21:15 UTC	22:15 UTC	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GLD
21:19 UTC	22:15 UTC	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GLD
21:46 UTC	22:45 UTC	Tornado Warning	GLD
22:23 UTC	01:30 UTC	Flash Flood Warning	GLD
22:46 UTC	23:45 UTC	Tornado Warning	GLD
23:29 UTC	00:30 UTC	Tornado Warning	GLD
00:04 UTC	00:48 UTC	Tornado Warning	GLD
00:41 UTC	01:13 UTC	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GLD

Every warning and watch covering the touchdown point that day, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service products. Lead time is measured from the issue of the warning in force to the touchdown time in the database, both of which were recorded to the minute by different people.

The forecast that day

The Storm Prediction Center had this point in a Slight Risk, with a 0.02 chance of a tornado within 25 miles. The outlook in force was issued at 19:39 UTC.

SPC's Day 1 convective outlook as it stood when the tornado began, read at the touchdown point. The same archive is on the radar archive.

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before the tornado touched down, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Goodland, KS wrote its last area forecast discussion before the tornado touched down at May 25, 1:30 PM MDT, 4 hours 19 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, May 25, 1:30 PM MDT, 4 hours 19 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
130 PM MDT TUE MAY 25 2010

.DISCUSSION...
130 PM MDT TUE MAY 25 2010

SOUTHWESTERLY FLOW BETWEEN LOW PRESSURE OFF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST
COAST AND UPPER HIGH TO OUR EAST WILL SLOWLY EVOLVE INTO A AN
UPPER RIDGE OVER THE AREA BY THURSDAY AS PACIFIC NORTHWEST LOW
MOVES SOUTH REMAINING OFFSHORE. ON FRIDAY THIS LOW AND LARGE UPPER
TROUGH MOVES ASHORE AND INTO THE WESTERN 1/3 OF THE COUNTRY BUT
ITS EASTWARD MOVEMENT WILL FIGHT THE UPPER RIDGE RESULTING IN A
RATHER AMPLIFIED PATTERN.

PLENTY OF MOISTURE AND ELEVATED INSTABILITY TONIGHT WITH THE TAIL
END OF AN UPPER JET TO MOVE OVER THE AREA. TOUGH TO PINPOINT ANY
ONE AREA FOR PRECIP TONIGHT SO WILL HAVE TO BROAD BRUSH LOW CHANCE
POPS ACROSS MOST OF THE AREA. MOS GUIDANCE...ESPECIALLY THE NAM
HAS BEEN DOING WELL IN OUR AREA THE PAST FEW WEEKS WITH REGARDS TO
FOG SO HAVE FOLLOWED IT AND INCLUDED FOG AFTER MIDNIGHT FOR MUCH
OF THE AREA...BLENDING MOS GUIDANCE WITH RUC AND NAM VIS
FORECASTS.

LOW CLOUDS LINGER FOR THE NEXT SEVERAL DAYS WITH VARIOUS
DISTURBANCES MOVING ACROSS THE AREA FROM THE SOUTH/SOUTHEAST IN
BETWEEN THE WEST COAST LOW AND HIGH TO OUR SOUTHEAST/EAST. PLENTY
OF SFC AND ELEVATED INSTABILITY WITH WEAK CAP SUGGESTING MOSTLY
SOME SHOWERS AND NON SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WEDNESDAY AND AGAIN
THURSDAY AFTERNOON. FOR FRIDAY AFTERNOON KEPT SLIGHT CHANCE POPS
ACROSS THE WEST WHERE PROXIMITY TO BETTER MOISTURE AND LIFT FROM
APPROACHING TROUGH EXIST. STORM MOTIONS GENERALLY TO THE NORTH SO
LITTLE CHANCE OF EASTWARD MOVEMENT THROUGH THE NIGHT.

HIGH TEMPERATURES GENERALLY 75 TO 80 WEDNESDAY...WARMING INTO THE
LOW TO MID 80S THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. LOWS IN THE 50S AND 60S.

FOR THE PERIODS SATURDAY-TUESDAY...SLIGHTLY COOLER ON SATURDAY AS
UPPER TROUGH BECOMES SLIGHTLY NEGATIVELY TILTED WHILE LIFTING
NORTHEAST INTO THE INTERMOUNTAIN WEST. THIS WILL BRING A COLD
FRONT INTO THE AREA. MAIN ENERGY LIFTS INTO THE NORTHERN PLAINS
SUNDAY WITH COOLER TEMPERATURES ON THE BACKSIDE AS HIGH PRESSURE
BUILDS IN. A GENERAL ZONAL FLOW FOR SUNDAY WITH TEMPERATURES
WARMING...ESPECIALLY ACROSS THE WEST WHERE RETURN FLOW BRINGS
THERMAL RIDGE BACK INTO EASTERN COLORADO...FURTHER EAST PROXIMITY
TO SFC HIGH WILL LIMIT REBOUND IN TEMPERATURES WHEN COMPARED TO
SUNDAY. FINALLY FOR TUESDAY...MIXED SIGNALS AS TO THE UPPER
PATTERN WITH SOME TYPE OF WESTERLY FLOW EXPECTED. THERMAL RIDGE
APPEARS TO MOVE EAST ACROSS THE AREA SUGGESTING WARMER
TEMPERATURES.

AS THE NEGATIVELY TILTED UPPER TROUGH LIFTS TO THE NORTH SATURDAY
AFTERNOON INTO SATURDAY NIGHT. AM EXPECTING BEST CHANCE FOR
THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE WESTERN 1/2 OF THE AREA DURING THE
AFTERNOON...SPREADING EAST OVERNIGHT. STILL SOME DIFFERENCES IN
REGARD TO POSITION OF DYNAMICS WITH THE TROUGH WHICH WILL IMPACT
AREAL COVERAGE AND SEVERITY OF THUNDERSTORMS...SOMETHING WORTH
WATCHING AND HAS NOW MENTIONED IN THE HWO PRODUCT.

CONFIDENCE NOT REAL HIGH ON PRECIP CHANCES AFTER SATURDAY NIGHT AS
MOST OF THE MOISTURE/LIFT AND INSTABILITY MOVE OUT OF THE AREA.

AFTERNOON TEMPS IN THE 80S SATURDAY...COOLING INTO THE 70S TO
PERHAPS LOW 80S SUNDAY THROUGH TUESDAY.

07

&&

.AVIATION...
1145 AM MDT TUE MAY 25 2010

FOR THE 18Z TAF...SOMEWHAT COMPLEX AVIATION FORECAST FOR THE NEXT
24 HOURS. INITIAL CONCERN IS POTENTIAL FOR CONVECTION IN THE
VICINITY OF BOTH TERMINALS THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING. FEEL KGLD
HAS THE BETTER SHOT OF SEEING A DIRECT IMPACT BUT CONFIDENCE IS
STILL TOO LOW TO INCLUDE PREVAILING PRECIP. WILL NEED TO MONITOR
CONVECTIVE DEVELOPMENT CLOSELY AND AMEND AS NEEDED. FOCUS THEN
SHIFTS TO POTENTIAL FOR LIFR/VLIFR CIGS/VSBY...ESPECIALLY AT KGLD.
NAM/RUC BOTH DEPICTING DEVELOPMENT OF LOW STRATUS/FOG BY AROUND
10Z. CONDITIONS LOOK LESS FAVORABLE AT KMCK SO HAVE MAINTAINED VFR
CIGS/VSBY. A RENEWED CHANCE FOR CONVECTION AROUND 16Z TOMORROW FOR
BOTH TERMINALS.

FOLTZ

&&

.GLD WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
KS...NONE.
NE...NONE.
CO...NONE.
&&

Hazardous weather outlook, May 25, 3:45 PM MDT, 2 hours 4 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
345 PM MDT TUE MAY 25 2010

COZ090>092-KSZ001>004-013>016-027>029-041-042-NEZ079>081-261200-
YUMA-KIT CARSON-CHEYENNE CO-CHEYENNE KS-RAWLINS-DECATUR-NORTON-
SHERMAN-THOMAS-SHERIDAN-GRAHAM-WALLACE-LOGAN-GOVE-GREELEY-WICHITA-
DUNDY-HITCHCOCK-RED WILLOW-
345 PM MDT TUE MAY 25 2010 /445 PM CDT TUE MAY 25 2010/

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR EXTREME SOUTHWEST
NEBRASKA...NORTHWEST KANSAS AND EAST CENTRAL COLORADO.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT

THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THROUGH EARLY
EVENING GENERALLY ALONG AND SOUTH OF INTERSTATE 70. THE PRIMARY
THREATS WILL BE LARGE HAIL...STRONG WINDS AND TORNADOES. LOCALLY
HEAVY RAIN CAN ALSO BE EXPECTED.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY

THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE NEARLY EVERYDAY ACROSS PORTIONS OF
THE TRI-STATE AREA THROUGH MONDAY. SEVERE WEATHER APPEARS
POSSIBLE
SATURDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING. STAY TUNED FOR FURTHER UPDATES AS
SATURDAY APPROACHES.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION WILL BE NEEDED THROUGH EARLY TONIGHT.

07

In the hours before

Local storm report, May 25, 4:21 PM MDT, 1 hour 28 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
421 PM MDT TUE MAY 25 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0418 PM     HAIL             14 S WESKAN             38.66N 101.94W
05/25/2010  M0.75 INCH       GREELEY            KS   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

JMARTIN

Local storm report, May 25, 4:41 PM MDT, 1 hour 8 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
441 PM MDT TUE MAY 25 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0433 PM     HAIL             14 NNW HORACE           38.65N 101.90W
05/25/2010  M1.75 INCH       GREELEY            KS   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            TIME ESTIMATED, UNKNOWN IF HAIL WAS OBSERVED AT THIS TIME
            OR HAIL WAS RECENTLY FOUND ON GROUND.

&&

JMARTIN

Local storm report, May 25, 5:21 PM MDT, 28 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
521 PM MDT TUE MAY 25 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0517 PM     TORNADO          14 WNW HORACE           38.57N 102.02W
05/25/2010                   GREELEY            KS   TRAINED SPOTTER

            BRIEF DURATION VIEWED FROM 10 MILES SOUTHWEST OF SHARON
            SPRINGS

&&

MWM

Local storm report, May 25, 5:25 PM MDT, 24 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
525 PM MDT TUE MAY 25 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0520 PM     TORNADO          14 WNW HORACE           38.58N 102.01W
05/25/2010                   GREELEY            KS   TRAINED SPOTTER

            BRIEF DURATION VIEWED FROM 12 MILES NORTHWEST OF TRIBUNE

&&

MWM

Local storm report, May 25, 5:40 PM MDT, 9 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
540 PM MDT TUE MAY 25 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0530 PM     HAIL             14 NNW HORACE           38.66N 101.90W
05/25/2010  M0.75 INCH       GREELEY            KS   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

JMARTIN

Local storm report, May 25, 5:41 PM MDT, 8 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
541 PM MDT TUE MAY 25 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0530 PM     HEAVY RAIN       14 NNW HORACE           38.66N 101.90W
05/25/2010  M2.75 INCH       GREELEY            KS   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

JMARTIN

The air that afternoon

The radiosonde launches on either side of the tornado, from the nearest station that was launching then, drawn and analyzed the way Storm Lab does: the same diagram, the same parcel and shear definitions SPC's mesoanalysis uses.

Denver, CO (KDNR), 12:00Z

11.8 hours before the tornado, 185 km from the path. May 25, 2010.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km. RM and LM are the right and left moving storms Bunkers' method gives; the shaded area is the 0 to 1 km storm-relative helicity.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -84477 J/kg
Surface CAPE: 0 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 2506 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 51 kt
0-1 km bulk shear: 14 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 116 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 138 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0
0-3 km lapse rate: 6.0 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

Denver, CO (KDNR), 00:00Z

0.2 hours after it, 185 km from the path. May 26, 2010.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed. The warm shading is its CAPE, the cool shading the inhibition it has to break through.

Hodograph

Mixed-layer CAPE: 147 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -13 J/kg
Surface CAPE: 119 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 2171 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 33 kt
0-1 km bulk shear: 7 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 24 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 174 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.4
0-3 km lapse rate: 9.3 K/km

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The surface observations

Burlington (ITR), 81 km from the path, in the two hours either side.

Time (UTC)	Temp (°F)	Dew point (°F)	Wind	Gust (kt)	Pressure (mb)
21:53 UTC	69	56	80° 17 kt	21	1017.9
22:53 UTC	66	56	70° 13 kt		1017.9
23:53 UTC	66	57	80° 18 kt	24	1017.3
00:53 UTC	64	55	100° 12 kt		1017.6

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of airport observations.

The radar

The Goodland radar (KGLD), 85 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the touchdown began at 23:47 UTC.

Open the radar archive at this moment, over the track

Reflectivity and velocity, decoded from the Level II archive in the browser. Volumes take a few seconds to open the first time.

What was reported nearby

Local storm reports within 60 km of the path, in the three hours either side.

Time (UTC)	Report	Where	County	Remark
21:36 UTC	HAIL 1.75	14 S Weskan	Greeley, KS
22:18 UTC	HAIL 0.75	14 S Weskan	Greeley, KS
22:33 UTC	HAIL 1.75	14 Nnw Horace	Greeley, KS	TIME ESTIMATED, UNKNOWN IF HAIL WAS OBSERVED AT THIS TIME OR HAIL WAS RECENTLY FOUND ON GROUND.
23:17 UTC	TORNADO	14 Wnw Horace	Greeley, KS	BRIEF DURATION VIEWED FROM 10 MILES SOUTHWEST OF SHARON SPRINGS
23:20 UTC	TORNADO	14 Wnw Horace	Greeley, KS	BRIEF DURATION VIEWED FROM 12 MILES NORTHWEST OF TRIBUNE
23:30 UTC	HAIL 0.75	14 Nnw Horace	Greeley, KS
23:30 UTC	HEAVY RAIN 2.75	14 Nnw Horace	Greeley, KS
23:49 UTC	TORNADO	9 N Tribune	Greeley, KS	TORNADO VIEWED BRIEFLY TO THE NORTHWEST OF TRIBUNE KANSAS
23:52 UTC	HAIL 0.75	9 W Russell Springs	Logan, KS
23:55 UTC	FLASH FLOOD	15 Nw Tribune	Greeley, KS	WATER RUNNING OVER COUNTY ROADS, LOCATION ESTIMATED.
00:02 UTC	HAIL 1	11 N Tribune	Greeley, KS	OBSERVED BY VORTEX2 FIELD PROJECT
00:14 UTC	HAIL 1.25	14 Nnw Tribune	Greeley, KS	OBSERVED BY VORTEX2 FIELD PROJECT
00:39 UTC	HAIL 0.88	11 Nw Leoti	Wichita, KS
00:59 UTC	HAIL 1	14 N Leoti	Wichita, KS	QUARTERS REPORTED BY VORTEX 2 FIELD PROJECT
01:12 UTC	HAIL 1.25	13 N Marienthal	Wichita, KS

From the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service local storm reports.

This ground now

The live radar over the track Every 2010 tornado in Kansas Every tornado in Kansas since 1950 Warnings in force in Kansas now The forecast where you are

The other tornadoes of May 25, 2010

29 more were confirmed in the United States that day.

Date	Time	Rating	Where	Path (mi)	Width (yd)	Damage
May 25	11:30 AM CDT	EF0	Live Oak, TX	0.2	25	$5,000
May 25	2:10 PM CDT	EF0	Peoria, IL	0.7	15
May 25	3:13 PM MDT	EF0	Roosevelt, NM	0.3	10
May 25	3:31 PM MDT	EF0	Kiowa, CO	0.0	50
May 25	3:31 PM MDT	EF0	Kiowa, CO	0.1	75
May 25	3:32 PM MDT	EF0	Kiowa, CO	0.1	75
May 25	3:37 PM MDT	EF0	Kiowa, CO	0.4	100
May 25	3:41 PM MDT	EF0	Kiowa, CO	0.2	50
May 25	3:48 PM MDT	EF0	Kiowa, CO	0.1	50
May 25	3:48 PM MDT	EF0	Kiowa, CO	0.3	50
May 25	3:55 PM MDT	EF0	Curry, NM	0.1	10
May 25	3:55 PM MDT	EF0	Kiowa, CO	0.3	75
May 25	3:56 PM MDT	EF0	Kiowa, CO	0.1	50
May 25	3:56 PM MDT	EF0	Kiowa, CO	0.2	50
May 25	4:07 PM MDT	EF0	Kiowa, CO	1.2	75
May 25	4:18 PM MDT	EF0	Kiowa, CO	0.2	50
May 25	5:17 PM MDT	EF0	Greeley, KS	0.8	10
May 25	5:20 PM MDT	EF0	Kiowa, CO	0.1	50
May 25	7:52 PM CDT	EF0	Castro, TX	0.2	50
May 25	8:06 PM CDT	EF0	Gove, KS	0.3	10
May 25	8:11 PM CDT	EF0	Castro, TX	0.1	20
May 25	8:14 PM CDT	EF0	Castro, TX	0.1	20
May 25	8:14 PM CDT	EF0	Gove, KS	4.8	75
May 25	8:26 PM CDT	EF1	Gove, KS	21.3	75	$23,000
May 25	8:44 PM CDT	EF1	Gove, KS	9.9	50	$25,000
May 25	7:52 PM MDT	EF0	Baca, CO	1.1	75	$10,000
May 25	8:00 PM MDT	EF1	Baca, CO	2.5	300	$5,000
May 25	10:04 PM CDT	EF0	Trego, KS	5.9	150
May 25	10:20 PM CDT	EF0	Ellis, KS	6.9	75

What this means

Ratings are the survey's, read off the damage rather than measured; the rating scale is above. Tornado counts rise through the record as reporting improved, so a year in the 1950s is not comparable with one today except for the strongest tornadoes, which were always noticed.

Sources

NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado database, 1950-2025, the official record kept by NOAA's Storm Prediction Center.