Hail in Iowa, September 21, 2025

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Sioux Falls SD
621 PM CDT Sun Sep 21 2025

.KEY MESSAGES...

- Isolated to scattered thunderstorm are ongoing this evening.
  A couple of severe storms will be possible, with half dollar
  size hail and 50-60 mph wind gusts the greatest risks into the
  late evening.

- Fog is expected again tonight into Monday morning. Locally
  dense fog with visibility below one mile is possible.

- Lingering thunderstorm risks on Monday afternoon and evening,
  through greatest chances remain along and south of US Highway
  20. Severe weather risk is very low.

- A few rain chances early this week; otherwise, dry with
  temperatures near to above normal into the upcoming weekend.

&&

.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 222 PM CDT Sun Sep 21 2025

NOW THROUGH TONIGHT: Have seen a few weak showers develop early this
afternoon from roughly Mitchell northeast toward Marshall and Tracy,
MN. Given the cap still in place, these showers have been struggling
to maintain themselves for more than about 30 minutes. Focus of the
development so far has been in the vicinity of the somewhat diffuse
warm front, from south of Winner to near Mitchell to Marshall
(easier to pick out with the wind shift). We've warmed into the
mid/upper 70s to lower 80s.

Mid and upper level low continues to spin across northern MN, with a
trough swinging through the Dakotas into NE today - evident on water
vapor satellite imagery. This, along with a warm front across the
area brings shower/storm chances this afternoon and into tonight.
Capping in place through the early afternoon, so it may take a bit
of time for the cap to break and storms to form. Storms appear most
likely across southwestern MN where the synoptic forcing (vort lobe,
WAA, and proximity to the upper low) is most coincident with the
boundary. Confidence is lower in the southwestern extent of storms
through tonight, but could see development back into northern NE.
Expect storms to begin developing around 3-4 PM, although some CAM
guidance this morning has begun to trend later (toward 5-6 PM).
Storms may linger into the overnight hours in southwestern MN and
far northern IA where the LLJ is strongest.

Isolated strong to severe storms are possible, although the
strongest shear and instability appear to be offset in space and
time this afternoon and into tonight. However, still could see 1000-
1500 J/kg of MUCAPE, 25-30 kts of bulk shear (up to around 35 kts in
southwestern MN) and mid level lapse rates around 6.5-7 deg C/km.
Main hazard with any stronger storms will be hail to half dollar
size, with secondary hazard of wind gusts of 50-60 mph. Although
risk remains very low, a tornado or two cannot be ruled out this
evening given the anticipated proximity of storms to the boundary
and low LCLs across southwestern MN and far northern IA. 0-1 km
shear around 10-15 knots is more on the marginal side for this
threat, but there is enough instability and shear in the lower
levels to keep an eye on the threat. Severe risk should largely
diminish by 11 PM. Locally heavy rainfall is possible with storms,
with PWATs around 1.25 inches and a deep warm cloud layer. Not
expecting widespread heavy rain, but some locations could pick up a
quick 1" or more of rain.

Fog is expected to develop late tonight into Monday morning as mid
levels dry out leading to clearing skies. Winds become light and
somewhat variable over most of the area and ample low level moisture
supports fog development. Lows fall into the 50s.

MONDAY-MONDAY NIGHT: Some uncertainty remains in place for Monday
and Monday night as the region is squarely in split flow aloft -
with one trough over the UP of MI and the other ejecting out of the
Rockies. Additionally, will have to see how convection evolves today
and tonight and where the surface warm front ends up. Most guidance
keeps the warm front near or south of US Hwy 20, so have continued
to follow the NBM guidance (keeping pops near/south of this area).
Severe risk remains low during the afternoon and evening hours, with
the better forcing, instability, and shear displaced and
predominately south of our area. Warm again tomorrow with highs
again in the 70s to lower 80s. Lows tomorrow night still in the 50s.

TUESDAY-SATURDAY: Split mid and upper level flow into mid week as
low pressures meander into the Midwest by early Thursday. This
should keep cloud cover and some lower end rain chances across the
area through mid week. However, ridging builds back in late week and
into the weekend. Expect dry conditions to prevail late week and
onward. Temperatures through the week will be near to above average,
warmer toward the weekend. Highs in the 70s to lower 80s and lows in
the mid 50s.

&&

.AVIATION /00Z TAFS THROUGH 00Z TUESDAY/...
Issued at 620 PM CDT Sun Sep 21 2025

Isolated showers are ongoing in east central South Dakota. These are
expected to slowly drift east into southwestern Minnesota through
the late afternoon and evening hours. Some of these could be strong
to severe with hail and strong wind gusts as the primary threat.
Under any storms ceilings may degrade to MVFR to IFR with
unpredictable winds. Low confidence in how far southwest the storms
will extend this evening. Have maintained Prob30 group at KFSD as
some light radar echos have developed off to the west. KSUX has even
lower confidence of showers this evening and so have left mention of
showers out. The heaviest showers should be clear of the area around
22.06Z, but a few weak storms may linger through daybreak east of I-
29.

After storms have ended clearing skies will may allow for some
patchy dense fog to develop. Visibility may drop below 1 SM at
times, especially for areas of east central South Dakota and
southwestern Minnesota.

Finally, toward the end of the period, showers and thunderstorms may
develop mostly south of I-90. KSUX is the most likely site to
experience these storms, and so have entered a Prob30 group for
Monday evening.

&&

.FSD WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
SD...None.
MN...None.
IA...None.
NE...None.

&&

DISCUSSION...SG
AVIATION...AJP

Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Sioux Falls SD
505 PM CDT Sun Sep 21 2025

SDZ038>040-050-052>055-057>060-063-064-222215-
Beadle-Kingsbury-Brookings-Gregory-Jerauld-Sanborn-Miner-Lake-Brule-
Aurora-Davison-Hanson-Charles Mix-Douglas-
505 PM CDT Sun Sep 21 2025

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central South Dakota, east
central South Dakota, south central South Dakota and southeast
South Dakota.

.DAY ONE...Tonight.

Isolated to scattered showers and thunderstorms are ongoing this
afternoon in east central South Dakota and southwestern Minnesota.
These are expected to continue into late this evening as they drift
east. The severe weather risks remain low and focused in areas east
of Interstate 29.

Patchy dense fog may again develop by Monday morning.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Monday through Saturday.

Isolated thunderstorms are possible Monday afternoon and evening
along the Missouri River valley. The severe weather risks remain
low.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation is not expected at this time.

IAZ001>003-012>014-020>022-031-032-MNZ071-072-080-081-089-090-097-
098-NEZ013-014-SDZ056-061-062-065>071-222215-
Lyon-Osceola-Dickinson-Sioux-O'Brien-Clay-Plymouth-Cherokee-
Buena Vista-Woodbury-Ida-Lincoln-Murray-Cottonwood-Nobles-Jackson-
Pipestone-Rock-Dixon-Dakota-Moody-McCook-Minnehaha-Hutchinson-Turner-
Bon Homme-Yankton-Union-
505 PM CDT Sun Sep 21 2025

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for northwest Iowa, west central
Iowa, southwest Minnesota, northeast Nebraska, east central South
Dakota and southeast South Dakota.

.DAY ONE...Tonight.

Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are ongoing this afternoon and
are expected slowly drift east southeast through the evening. A few
storms may be capable of producing 60 mph winds and half dollar size
hail, though widespread severe storms are not anticipated.

Patchy dense fog may develop again by Monday morning.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Monday through Saturday.

Additional thunderstorm chances will linger into Monday evening,
focused primarily along the Missouri River and into areas of
northwest and western Iowa. At this time, severe weather risks are
low.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotter activation is not expected at this time.

Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Sioux Falls SD
624 PM CDT Sun Sep 21 2025

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0533 PM     Hail             6 W Pipestone           44.00N 96.44W
09/21/2025  M1.00 Inch       Pipestone          MN   Trained Spotter

0541 PM     Hail             3 W Pipestone           43.99N 96.38W
09/21/2025  M1.50 Inch       Pipestone          MN   Storm Chaser

&&

Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Sioux Falls SD
701 PM CDT Sun Sep 21 2025

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0651 PM     Hail             1 E Jasper              43.85N 96.37W
09/21/2025  M1.00 Inch       Rock               MN   Storm Chaser

            Storm chaser reported increasing hail
            activity and size at 6:51 pm CDT. They also
            reported a rotating wall cloud.

&&

AJP

Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Sioux Falls SD
727 PM CDT Sun Sep 21 2025

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0721 PM     Funnel Cloud     3 N Luverne             43.70N 96.21W
09/21/2025                   Rock               MN   Law Enforcement

            Rock county Sherriff reported what he
            thought was a funnel cloud.

&&

AJP