Although gusty northwest winds were observed across the foothills beginning during the evening of the 20th, with a few trees blown down through the 21st, the strongest winds developed during the evening and overnight hours of the 21st. Numerous trees were blown down on the night of the 21st and early on the 22nd, with most of the damage occurring within a few miles of the Blue Ridge escarpment.
Every event with a place to put it; 8 filed by county or forecast zone are drawn at its center, in a lighter ring. Tap one for its entry below.
Deaths and injuries are direct and indirect together, as the offices filed them. Damage is property and crops in the dollars of the year, not adjusted for inflation, and only where an office estimated it.
The episode as NWS GSP wrote it up.
Although gusty northwest winds were observed across the foothills beginning during the evening of the 20th, with a few trees blown down through the 21st, the strongest winds developed during the evening and overnight hours of the 21st. Numerous trees were blown down on the night of the 21st and early on the 22nd, with most of the damage occurring within a few miles of the Blue Ridge escarpment. Trees falling on power lines also resulted in quite a few power outages.
The local office's own words before the first event, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC wrote its last area forecast discussion before the first event at Dec 21, 3:40 PM EST, 2 hours 20 minutes earlier.
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
340 PM EST FRI DEC 21 2012
.SYNOPSIS...
A STRONG LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM WILL LIFT NORTHEAST OVER NEW ENGLAND
CAUSING GUSTY NORTHWEST WINDS TO BLANKET THE CAROLINAS THROUGH
EARLY SATURDAY. DRY HIGH PRESSURE WILL SPREAD OVER THE REGION THIS
WEEKEND AND MOVE OFFSHORE LATE SUNDAY. ANOTHER SURFACE LOW WILL
APPROACH THE AREA EARLY MONDAY.
&&
.NEAR TERM /THROUGH SATURDAY/...
2040 UTC UPDATE...SKY COVER WAS UPDATED FROM SATELLITE IMAGERY...AND
MOUNTAINS POPS REDUCED WHERE SKY COVER WAS VERY LOW.
AT 255 PM...IR SATELLITE INDICATES -20C CLOUDS ALONG THE ALONG THE
TN BORDER ALONG THE NRN NC MTNS. UPSTREAM COLD CLOUDS EXTEND NW
ACROSS EASTERN KY. LATEST RADAR IMAGES CONTINUE TO INDICATE -SN
ACROSS THE REGION FROM MADISON NORTH TO AVERY...WITH FLURRIES EAST
ACROSS THE NC PIEDMONT. STARTING AT 0Z...MESOSCALE MODELS INDICATE
THAT A LEE WAVE WILL DEVELOP ACROSS THE CAROLINA FOOTHILLS AND
POSSIBLY INTO NE GA. AS THE WAVE DEEPENS THROUGH 6Z...H85 WINDS ON
THE NAM INCREASE TO 70 TO 75 KTS AND REMAIN UNTIL 15Z. THE CURRENT
WINDS ACROSS THE REGION SHOULD CONTINUE THROUGH SUNSET. THEN AS THE
WAVE DEVELOPS...DOWNWARD OMEGA SHOULD TRANSPORT THE HIGHER WINDS
ALOFT TOWARD THE SURFACE ACROSS THE EAST FACING SLOPES AND ADJACENT
FOOTHILLS. IN ADDITION...THE HIGH TERRAIN SHOULD TAP INTO THE STRONG
WIND FIELDS. THE REMAINDER OF THE CWA WILL CONTINUE TO SEE PERIODS
OF STRONG GUSTS. THEREFORE...THE CURRENT HIGH WIND WARNINGS AND WIND
ADVISORY WILL REMAIN UNTIL NOON SAT.
MESOSCALE MODELS RESPOND TO THE STRONG OVERNIGHT WINDS BY INCREASING
QPF ACROSS THE NRN MTNS THROUGH 9Z. THE LIMITING FACTOR WILL BE THE
DIMINISHING UPSTREAM MOISTURE. HOWEVER...THE TNB FORECAST SOUNDING
INDICATES THAT ENOUGH MOISTURE WILL EXIST TO SUPPORT SOME UPSLOPE
SNSH. I WILL INCREASE POPS LATER INTO THE OVERNIGHT PERIOD...WITH
SOME ADDITIONAL ACCUMULATIONS. THEREFORE...I WILL PLAN FOR THE
MADISON WSW TO EXPIRE AT 5Z WITH YANCEY TO AVERY CONTINUING UNTIL
12Z.
SATURDAY...MOISTURE AND WIND FIELDS WILL DECREASE THROUGH THE
DAYLIGHT HOURS. SKY COVER ACROSS THE MTNS AND EAST SHOULD BECOME
CLEAR DURING THE MORNING HOURS. THE GREATEST CHALLENGE WILL BE THE
DEWPOINT FORECAST. USING A BLEND OF MOS...I WILL FORECAST VALUES IN
THE SINGLE DIGITS TO LOW TEENS. THE DEWPOINTS COMBINED WITH TEMPS IN
THE MID 40S ACROSS THE MTNS TO MID 50S EAST SHOULD RESULT IN RH
VALUES IN THE TEENS. SEE FIRE WEATHER SECTION BELOW.
&&
.SHORT TERM /SATURDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY/...
AS OF 245 PM FRIDAY...THE MID-TROPOSPHERIC FLOW ACROSS THE REGION
WILL BECOME ZONAL FOR THE SATURDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY TIME RANGE.
A COUPLE WEAK SHORT WAVES WILL CROSS THE REGION. THE FIRST WAVE WILL
BRING MID-LEVEL CLOUDS TO THE AREA...STARTING OVER THE MOUNTAINS
SUNDAY AFTERNOON AND SPREADING EASTWARD DURING THE NIGHT. THE NEXT
WAVE WILL APPROACH ON MONDAY. INCREASING LLVL WARM ADVECTION AHEAD
OF THE WAVE SHOULD BRING PATCHY LIGHT RAIN TO THE MOUNTAINS AT OR
BEFORE 12 UTC MONDAY. I HAVE SOME MIN TEMPS AROUND 33 DEGREES IN THE
INTERIOR VALLEYS OF THE CENTRAL AND NRN MTNS. HOWEVER...THERE IS A
STRONG LLVL WARM NOSE. WITH NO LLVL COLD ADVECTION...THE CHANCES OF
FREEZING RAIN LOOK QUITE LOW...ESPECIALLY AS SKIES SHOULD CLOUD UP
BEFORE SUNSET ON SUNDAY. MORE THAN LIKELY MY MIN TEMPS ARE A LITTLE
TOO COLD. NONE OF THE SREF PLUME DIAGRAMS AT ASHEVILLE SHOW FREEZING
OR FROZEN PCPN SUNDAY NIGHT OR MONDAY MORNING. PATCHY LIGHT RAIN
SHOULD CONTINUE THROUGH THE DAY ON MONDAY. FOR NOW I/VE CARRIED 50
POPS IN THE WEST AND 40 EAST DURING THE DAY. HOWEVER...THE ECMWF IS
MUCH WETTER...A TREND WE/LL HAVE TO WATCH. THE MODELS INDICATE THAT
LOW CEILINGS MAY SPREAD ACROSS THE REGION DURING THE LATE MORNING
HOURS MONDAY...MAKING FOR A MURKY CHRISTMAS EVE.
&&
.LONG TERM /MONDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY/...
AS OF 150 PM FRIDAY...A SPLIT FLOW REGIME WITH A VERY ACTIVE
SOUTHERN STREAM WILL CONTINUE THROUGH THE MEDIUM RANGE. A SHORT
WAVE TROUGH AND ASSOCIATED FRONTAL BOUNDARY WILL BRING RAIN CHANCES
TO THE AREA TO START THE PERIOD...WITH PRECIP EXPECTED TO TAPER OFF
MONDAY EVENING. HOWEVER...BASED ON A CONSENSUS OF THE GLOBAL
MODELS...A MUCH STRONGER WAVE WILL LIFT OUT OF THE SOUTHERN PLAINS
TUE/TUE NIGHT...INDUCING STRONG CYCLOGENESIS ALONG THE FRONTAL ZONE
OVER THE LOWER MISS AND TENN VALLEY...WITH AN EVOLUTION TOWARD A
MILLER B SCENARIO EXPECTED BY WEDNESDAY. NEITHER THE GLOBAL MODELS
NOR THE GEFS GUIDANCE ALLOW FOR ENOUGH INTRUSION OF COLD AIR TO
CREATE SIGNIFICANT P-TYPE CONCERNS FOR WEDNESDAY. AND WHILE THE
PATTERN IS SUGGESTIVE OF AN IN SITU COLD AIR DAMMING EVENT...THE
POSITION AND (LACK OF) INTENSITY OF SURFACE HIGH PRESSURE WOULD NOT
BE FAVORABLE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF A PARTICULARLY STRONG IN SITU EVENT.
IF THIS MODEL CONSENSUS VERIFIES...IT IS NOT OUT OF THE QUESTION
THAT WE COULD SEE A LITTLE FREEZING RAIN ALONG THE EASTERN
ESCARPMENT...BUT THAT WOULD LIKELY BE THE EXTENT OF WINTER WEATHER
CONCERNS...AT LEAST UNTIL THE WRAP-AROUND/NW FLOW REGIME BECOMES
ESTABLISHED OVER THE MTNS WED NIGHT. LIKELY POPS WILL BE CARRIED
ACROSS THE AREA FROM LATE TUE THROUGH TUE NIGHT AND EARLY WED.
CHANCE POPS WILL BE CARRIED ALONG THE TENN BORDER THROUGH THURSDAY
MORNING...IN ANTICIPATION OF WHAT SHOULD BE AN ACCUMULATING NW FLOW
SNOW EVENT. ANOTHER PERIOD OF LARGE SCALE HEIGHT FALLS IS
ANTICIPATED ACROSS THE CENTRAL CONUS BY THE END OF NEXT WEEK...
ALTHOUGH THE GLOBAL MODELS ARE AT ODDS REGARDING THE STRENGTH AND
TIMING OF THE NEXT STORM SYSTEM AFFECTING THE EASTERN CONUS. WE HAVE
OPTED TO KEEP THE DAY 7 PERIOD DRY WITH INCREASING SKY COVER FOR
NOW. AFTER BEGINNING THE PERIOD WITH ABOVE NORMAL TEMPS...WE SHOULD
SEE A RETURN TO CLIMATOLOGICALLY COOL WEATHER BY THE END OF THE
PERIOD.
&&
.AVIATION /21Z FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY/...
AT KCLT...VFR WITH GUSTY CONDITIONS. THE LATEST OBSERVATION FROM THE
ASOS INDICATES THAT DIRECTION HAS BECOME 290 DEGREES WITH SPEEDS
RANGING NEAR 20G30KTS. LATEST GUIDANCE INDICATES THAT THE WINDS
SHOULD CONTINUE THE COURSE THROUGH THE AFTERNOON HOURS...WITH GUST
POTENTIAL DECREASING TO 25 KTS BY 23Z. IN ADDITION...A CU
FIELD...AUGMENTED BY A MTN WAVE...WILL LIKELY CONTINUE THROUGH THE
AFTERNOON HOURS...THEN SHOULD DISSIPATE FROM SOUTH TO NORTH. BETWEEN
3Z TO 9Z...FORECAST SOUNDING INDICATE THAT WNW WINDS MAY MARGINALLY
GUSTS INTO THE 15-20 KTS RANGE...BUT GUSTS ENDING AROUND SUNRISE.
WINDS WILL LIKELY VEER NORTHWEST AFTER SUNRISE.
ELSEWHERE...WNW WINDS REMAIN THE STRONGEST ACROSS THE WESTERN
UPSTATE OF SC...ON THE PERIPHERY OF THE LEE TROF...THIS AFTERNOON. I
WILL INDICATE THAT GUSTS WILL RANGE AROUND 30 KTS THROUGH 23Z...THEN
DECREASING TO AROUND 25 KTS. WINDS ACROSS THE FOOTHILLS AND PIEDMONT
REGION WILL REMAIN GUSTY THROUGH THE LATE NIGHT HOURS...WITH GUST
WANING DURING THE PRE DAWN HOURS SATURDAY. KAVL SHOULD SEE NW GUSTS
ABOVE 30KTS CONTINUE FOR MOST OF THE NIGHT...RANGING IN THE MID TO
UPPER 20S DURING THE DAYLIGHT HOURS SATURDAY. VFR CU THIS
AFTERNOON...WITH STEADY CLEARING AFTER SUNSET.
OUTLOOK...GUSTY W/NW WINDS WILL ABATE ACRS THE AREA BY SUNDAY. THE
NEXT SYSTEM TO POSSIBLY BRING RESTRICTIONS WILL ARRIVE EARLY NEXT
WEEK.
AN EXPERIMENTAL AVIATION FORECAST CONSISTENCY TABLE SHOWING THE
PERCENTAGE OF GUIDANCE MEMBERS AGREEING WITH THE SCHEDULED ISSUANCE
CATEGORY IS AVAILABLE AT FOLLOWING LINK (USE LOWER CASE)...
WWW.WEATHER.GOV/GSP/AVIATION/TABLES.HTM
&&
.FIRE WEATHER...
A DRY DAY IS IN STORE SAT WITH SFC TD/S DROPPING INTO THE SINGLE
DIGITS. WITH NEAR NORMAL MAX TEMPS EXPECTED...RH VALUES WILL DROP TO
LESS THAN 25 PERCENT ACROSS THE ENTIRE FCST AREA BY THE AFTERNOON.
THERE COULD BE A COUPLE HRS OF OVERLAP BTW THE DRY AIR AND SUSTAINED
WINDS OF 20 MPH OR 30 MPH GUST ACROSS THE NC FOOTHILLS AND NW
PIEDMONT. FUEL MOISTURE LEVELS MAY STILL BE TOO HIGH HOWEVER...AND
COORDINATION WITH FORESTRY OFFICIALS MAY BE NEEDED TO DISCUSS THE
POTENTIAL NEED FOR ANY FIRE WX PRODUCTS.
&&
.GSP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
GA...WIND ADVISORY UNTIL NOON EST SATURDAY FOR GAZ010-017-018-026-
028-029.
NC...HIGH WIND WARNING UNTIL NOON EST SATURDAY FOR NCZ033-048>050-
052-053-059-063>065-501>510.
WIND ADVISORY UNTIL NOON EST SATURDAY FOR NCZ035>037-051-
056>058-062-068>072-082.
WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL 7 AM EST SATURDAY FOR NCZ033-049-
050.
WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY UNTIL MIDNIGHT EST TONIGHT FOR NCZ048.
SC...WIND ADVISORY UNTIL NOON EST SATURDAY FOR SCZ001>014-019.
&&
SYNOPSIS...PAT
NEAR TERM...JAT/NED
SHORT TERM...MCAVOY
LONG TERM...JDL
AVIATION...NED
FIRE WEATHER...BPMHAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 332 PM EST FRI DEC 21 2012 GAZ010-017-018-026-028-029-NCZ035>037-051-056>058-062-068>072-082- SCZ001>014-019-222045- RABUN-HABERSHAM-STEPHENS-FRANKLIN-HART-ELBERT-ALEXANDER-IREDELL- DAVIE-SWAIN-CATAWBA-ROWAN-GRAHAM-MACON-CLEVELAND-LINCOLN-GASTON- MECKLENBURG-CABARRUS-UNION NC-OCONEE MOUNTAINS-PICKENS MOUNTAINS- GREENVILLE MOUNTAINS-GREATER OCONEE-GREATER PICKENS- GREATER GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG-CHEROKEE-YORK-ANDERSON-ABBEVILLE- LAURENS-UNION SC-CHESTER-GREENWOOD- 332 PM EST FRI DEC 21 2012 ...WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON EST SATURDAY... THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHEAST GEORGIA...PIEDMONT NORTH CAROLINA...WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA AND UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA. .DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. WIND ADVISORY. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. WIND ADVISORY. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... NONE. NCZ052-053-059-063>065-501>510-222045- HAYWOOD-BUNCOMBE-NORTHERN JACKSON-SOUTHERN JACKSON-TRANSYLVANIA- HENDERSON-CALDWELL MOUNTAINS-GREATER CALDWELL-BURKE MOUNTAINS- GREATER BURKE-MCDOWELL MOUNTAINS-EASTERN MCDOWELL- RUTHERFORD MOUNTAINS-GREATER RUTHERFORD-POLK MOUNTAINS-EASTERN POLK- 332 PM EST FRI DEC 21 2012 ...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON EST SATURDAY... THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA. .DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. HIGH WIND WARNING. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. HIGH WIND WARNING. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... NONE. NCZ033-049-050-222045- AVERY-YANCEY-MITCHELL- 332 PM EST FRI DEC 21 2012 ...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON EST SATURDAY... ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL 7 AM EST SATURDAY... THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA. .DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. HIGH WIND WARNING. WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. HIGH WIND WARNING. WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... NONE. NCZ048-222045- MADISON- 332 PM EST FRI DEC 21 2012 ...HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT UNTIL NOON EST SATURDAY... ...WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT EST TONIGHT... THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA. .DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. HIGH WIND WARNING. WINTER WEATHER ADVISORY. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. HIGH WIND WARNING. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... NONE.
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
126 PM EST FRI DEC 21 2012
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1113 AM NON-TSTM WND DMG CANTON 35.55N 82.84W
12/21/2012 HAYWOOD NC 911 CALL CENTER
SEVERAL TREES DOWN ON POWER LINES IN CANTON
&&
PTANNERPRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
137 PM EST FRI DEC 21 2012
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0121 PM NON-TSTM WND DMG ROSMAN 35.14N 82.82W
12/21/2012 TRANSYLVANIA NC 911 CALL CENTER
SEVERAL TREES DOWN IN ROSMAN AND ALSO IN BALSAM
&&
PTANNERPRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
543 PM EST FRI DEC 21 2012
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0534 PM SNOW NEWLAND 36.09N 81.93W
12/21/2012 E2.0 INCH AVERY NC 911 CALL CENTER
&&
JATPRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
547 PM EST FRI DEC 21 2012
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0535 PM SNOW BAKERSVILLE 36.01N 82.16W
12/21/2012 E2.0 INCH MITCHELL NC 911 CALL CENTER
&&
JATPRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
548 PM EST FRI DEC 21 2012
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0536 PM SNOW BURNSVILLE 35.92N 82.30W
12/21/2012 E2.0 INCH YANCEY NC 911 CALL CENTER
1 TO 2 INCHES.
&&
JATPRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
551 PM EST FRI DEC 21 2012
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0537 PM SNOW MARSHALL 35.80N 82.68W
12/21/2012 E0.0 INCH MADISON NC 911 CALL CENTER
TRACE OF SNOW.
&&
JATThe national radar mosaic for the moment the first event began.
8 high wind. Local standard time, as filed.
After NWS Directive 10-1605, the rules offices file Storm Data by.
Every storm in North Carolina in 2012Every state in 2012This day in weather historyWarnings in North Carolina, December 2012
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database, compiled from the National Weather Service’s monthly Storm Data. Complete through 2026-06; NCEI adds each month about 75 days after it ends and revises past years a few times a year. Rebuilt 2026-09-24. Each event’s entry at NCEI: 423376, 423377, 423378, 423379, 423380, 423381, 423382, 423383.