The area was in a warm, humid and very unstable air mass on Wednesday, June 8th. A strong disturbance in the upper levels of the atmosphere moved across the region, tapping the explosive instability and triggering severe thunderstorms across southern Vermont during the evening.
Every event with a place to put it. Tap one for its entry below.
Deaths and injuries are direct and indirect together, as the offices filed them. Damage is property and crops in the dollars of the year, not adjusted for inflation, and only where an office estimated it.
The episode as NWS ALY wrote it up.
The area was in a warm, humid and very unstable air mass on Wednesday, June 8th. A strong disturbance in the upper levels of the atmosphere moved across the region, tapping the explosive instability and triggering severe thunderstorms across southern Vermont during the evening.
The local office's own words before the first event, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Albany, NY wrote its last area forecast discussion before the first event at Jun 8, 7:25 PM EST, 0 minutes earlier.
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY 825 PM EDT WED JUN 8 2011 .SYNOPSIS... HIGH PRESSURE ALONG THE ATLANTIC SEABOARD WILL KEEP HOT AND HUMID CONDITIONS OVER THE REGION INTO TOMORROW. SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WILL IMPACT PORTIONS OF UPSTATE NEW YORK THIS EVENING...AND SOME OF THESE THUNDERSTORMS MAY BE SEVERE. A COLD FRONT WILL MOVE ACROSS THE REGION TOMORROW AFTERNOON INTO THE EARLY EVENING WITH SCATTERED STRONG TO SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS. HIGH PRESSURE WILL BUILD INTO THE REGION FROM NEAR JAMES BAY ON FRIDAY...WITH COOLER AND LESS HUMID CONDITIONS. && .NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 AM THURSDAY MORNING/... AS OF 800 PM...OVER THE PAST FEW HOURS SEVERE STM WATCH 440 HAS BEEN EXPANDED TO THE ENTIRE FORECAST AREA. WILL LIKELY BE DISCONTINUING THE WATCH FOR THE NW PART OF THE FORECAST AREA AROUND 900 PM. THE 2000-4000 JOULE/KG CAPES OVER THE REGION HAS RESULTED IN HAIL REPORTS UP TO 3 INCHES IN SIZE. MORE STORMS UPSTREAM IN SOUTHEAST ONTARIO WHICH AFFECT THE REGION LATER TONIGHT IF THEY HOLD TOGETHER. ****PREVIOUS DISCUSSION**** AS OF 430 PM EDT...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH HAS BEEN ISSUED FOR THE NRN TWO THIRDS OF THE FCST AREA. THIS INCLUDES THE CAPITAL REGION...SCHOHARIE VALLEY...SRN VT NORTHWARD. AN IMPRESSIVE SQUALL LINE CONTINUES TO APPROACH NRN NY FROM SE ONTARIO. THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH RUNS UNTIL 10 PM EDT. DAMAGING WINDS WILL BE THE MAIN THREAT BASED ON SOME GROUND TRUTH FROM SE ONTARIO. THIS SQUALL LINE IS TAPPING INTO EXTREME AMOUNTS OF INSTABILITY OVER THE REGION. POPS HAVE BEEN INCREASED AND DAMAGING AND LARGE HAIL WILL BE THE MAIN THREATS WHICH HAVE BEEN ADDED TO THE GRIDDED FORECASTS. PREVIOUS NEAR TERM... AS OF 330 PM EDT...A STEAMY AIR MASS CONTINUES TO IMPACT THE REGION WITH MAXIMUM TEMPS FLIRTING WITH RECORD VALUES IN A FEW LOCATIONS. A H500 SUBTROPICAL RIDGE OVER THE MID ATLANTIC COAST...AND WRN ATLANTIC CONTINUES TO FUNNEL THE HOT AND HUMID AIR OVER THE REGION. SOME SIGNIFICANT CHANGES ARE COMING FOR TOMORROW AS A COLD FRONT MOVES THROUGH. WE ARE CURRENTLY MONITORING A LINE OF CONVECTION OVER SE ONTARIO THAT HAS INITIATED AHEAD OF A PREFRONTAL TROUGH. THE MAIN SFC COLD FRONT CONTINUES TO LAG NORTH AND WEST OVER THE UPPER MIDWEST...NRN GREAT LAKES REGION...AND SE ONTARIO. WITH TEMPS RANGING FROM THE L80S OVER THE MTNS TO L90S IN THE VALLEYS...AND DEWPTS IN THE 60S TO NEAR 70F...THE LAPSE DATA YIELDS LARGE AMOUNTS OF SBCAPE OVER THE FCST AREA. THE SBCAPE VALUES CURRENTLY RANGE FROM 2000-5000 J/KG. PWAT VALUES CONTINUE TO RANGE FROM 1-1.5 INCHES OVER THE REGION. PLENTY OF MOISTURE AND INSTABILITY IN PLACE...JUST THE CLEAREST FOCUSING/LIFTING MECHANISM REMAINS UPSTREAM. WE HAVE INCREASED THE POPS TO CHC VALUES WITH A THREAT OF SOME THUNDERSTORMS BEING SEVERE WITH HAIL OR DAMAGING WINDS WITH THE LARGE AMOUNTS OF DCAPE /1000-1500 J KG/...AND STEEP MID LEVEL LAPSE RATES OF 6.5-7 C/KM. WE PLACED SOME SLIGHT CHANCE VALUES FURTHER SOUTH AND EAST IN CASE AN OUTFLOW BOUNDARY GENERATES ANY NEW CONVECTION...OR ANY DISSIPATING CONVECTION REACHES THESE AREAS. IT SHOULD BE NOTED THE HIRES WRF HAS VERY LITTLE CONVECTION LATE THIS PM AND PRIOR TO MIDNIGHT...AND THE 3KM HRRR COLUMNAR BASE REF PRODUCT HAS TWO SEPARATE AREAS...ONE OVER THE NRN-CNTRL AREAS OF THE FCST AREA...AND ONE OVER THE SRN TIER. THIS APPEARS TO BE INITIALIZED OFF. THE OVERNIGHT PERIOD CONTINUE SLIGHT CHC POPS AS THE COLD FRONT GETS CLOSER TOWARDS THE ST LAWRENCE RIVER VALLEY. SLIGHT CHC POPS ARE USED IN THE GRIDS NORTH OF THE MOHAWK RIVER VALLEY...AND CAPITAL REGION BTWN MIDNIGHT AND 6 AM. MIN TEMPS WILL BE VERY BALMY WITH LOWS IN THE LOWER TO MID60S OVER THE MTNS...AND MID 60S TO L70S IN THE VALLEYS. && .SHORT TERM /6 AM THURSDAY MORNING THROUGH FRIDAY NIGHT/... TOMORROW...WE CONCUR WITH THE SPC DAY 2 GRAPHIC WITH A SLIGHT RISK OVER THE ENTIRE REGION. LARGE AMOUNTS /1000-3000 J/KG/ OF SFC OR MIXED LAYER CAPE REMAINS OVER THE FORECAST AREA AHEAD OF THE FRONTAL BOUNDARY. THERE IS EVIDENCE OF AN ELEVATED MIXED LAYER /EML/ ON THE FCST SOUNDINGS FROM THE NAM/GFS. H500-700 LAPSE RATES ARE VERY STEEP WITH VALUES AROUND 7C/KM. LOW AND MID LEVEL HEIGHTS FALL AHEAD OF THE FRONT. 0-6KM DEEP SHEAR VALUES RANGE FROM 25-40 KTS. THE LOW LEVEL JET ISN/T OVERLY IMPRESSIVE. LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS LOOK TO BE THE MAIN THREATS WITH MULTI-CELLULAR CONVECTION AND PERHAPS AN ISOLD SUPERCELL OR TWO. MAX TEMPS WILL BE SULTRY AGAIN WITH HIGHS IN THE M80S TO L90S IN THE VALLEYS...AND U70S TO M80S OVER THE HILLS AND MTNS. THESE TEMPS ARE CLOSER TO THE GFSMOS. THURSDAY NIGHT...THE SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS END FROM NW TO SE IN THE EARLY EVENING. A MUCH COOLER AND DRIER AIR MASS BUILDS IN WITH TEMPS CLOSER TO NORMALS FOR EARLY TO MID JUNE. HUMIDITY LEVELS WILL BE MUCH MORE COMFORTABLE. FRIDAY...THE NAM IS AGGRESSIVE RIDGING IN A SFC HIGH SOUTH OF JAMES BAY. THE NAM/SREF IS DRY OVER THE REGION WITH H850 TEMPS AROUND +10C. THE GFS HANGS THE FRONT OVER PA AND NJ. WE PLACED A SLIGHT CHC OF SHOWERS OVER THE SRN TIER LATE IN THE DAY. HIGHS WILL GENERALLY BE IN THE 70S WITH SOME U60S. FRIDAY NIGHT... THE MEDIUM RANGE GUIDANCE IS VARIABLE IN TERMS OF THE WARM ADVECTION PCPN AHEAD OF THE OLD COLD FRONT RETURNING NORTHWARD AS A WARM FRONT. WE LEFT A SLIGHT CHC OF SHOWERS IN FOR THE OVERNIGHT PERIOD UP TO THE MOHAWK RIVER VALLEY AND THE CAPITAL REGION. && .LONG TERM /SATURDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY/... THE PERIOD STARTS OUT SATURDAY WITH AN APPROACHING OCCLUDED FRONT...AS LOW PRESSURE STARTS TO LIFT NORTHEASTWARD ACROSS THE CENTRAL GREAT LAKES. MOISTURE WILL RETURN AS ISENTROPIC LIFT INCREASES DURING THE DAY. AT THIS TIME IT APPEARS THERE WILL BE NO INSTABILITY...SO WILL MENTION JUST SCATTERED SHOWERS AT THIS TIME. CLOUDS SHOULD INCREASE RAPIDLY ON SATURDAY MORNING WITH SHOWERS MOVING IN FROM THE WEST. TEMPS WILL BE COOL WITH THE CLOUDS AND SHOWERS AROUND. SOME TIMING DIFFERENCES EXIST IN THE MODELS WITH REGARDS TO PRECIP TIMING...WITH THE ECMWF FASTEST...THE NAM THE SLOWEST AND THE GFS IN THE MIDDLE. AT LEAST ENOUGH CONFIDENCE FOR 50 PERCENT POPS SATURDAY AFTERNOON AND OVERNIGHT AS THE OCCLUDED FRONT SLOWLY PROPAGATES EASTWARD. ON SUNDAY THERE IS A CHANCE WE COULD BRIEFLY GET INTO A WARM SECTOR AS LOW PRESSURE TRACKS INTO ONTARIO/QUEBEC AND BECOMES A VERTICALLY STACKED CUT-OFF. THE THREAT OF THUNDER DEPENDS ON IF ANY BREAKS OF SUNSHINE CAN OCCUR BEFORE THE OCCLUDED FRONT OR TRIPLE POINT MOVES THROUGH. THE DEGREE OF SURFACE WARMING WILL ALSO BE HIGHLY DEPENDENT ON ANY SUNSHINE. WILL MENTION HIGHS IN THE MID TO UPPER 70S IN THE VALLEYS WITH CHANCE THUNDER FOR SUNDAY ONLY. A FEW SHOWERS MAY LINGER INTO SUNDAY NIGHT AS THE FRONT GRADUALLY PUSHES THROUGH. A SECONDARY COOL FRONT OR SURFACE TROF AND ASSOCIATED UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCE MAY MOVE THROUGH ON MONDAY...AS THE CUT-OFF LOW MOVES INTO EASTERN QUEBEC/NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND. THIS SYSTEM MAY BRING ISOLATED TO SCATTERED SHOWERS. IT THEN APPEARS THAT A SURFACE RIDGE OF HIGH PRESSURE WILL DRIFT ACROSS THE AREA TUESDAY INTO WEDNESDAY WITH A W-NW FLOW ALOFT...WHICH SHOULD YIELD DRY CONDITIONS AND SEASONABLE TEMPS. THE NEXT SYSTEM LOOKS TO APPROACH THE REGION FROM THE MIDWEST LATE WEDNESDAY INTO THURSDAY WITH MORE UNSETTLED WEATHER. && .AVIATION /00Z THURSDAY THROUGH MONDAY/... SEVERE TSTMS HAVE CLEARED THE KGFL/KALB TAF SITES AND WILL LIKELY PASS TO THE NORTH OF KPOU THROUGH MIDNIGHT. OTHERWISE EXPECT VFR CONDITIONS EARLY TONIGHT...BECOMING MAINLY MVFR CONDITIONS DUE TO FOG BETWEEN 06Z AND ABOUT 13Z. THERE MAY ALSO BE ANOTHER ROUND OF CONVECTION LATER TONIGHT IF CONVECTION CURRENTLY OCCURING ACROSS SOUTHEAST ONTARIO WAS TO HOLD TOGETHER. MAINLY VFR CONDITIONS FOR THURSDAY... BUT WITH THE COLD FRONT APPROACHING AND MOVING THROUGH...STRONG TO SEVERE CONVECTION WILL BE POSSIBLE ONCE AGAIN. HAVE FORECAST CB AND VCSH FOR NOW AFTER 18Z SINCE PINPOINTING THE TIME OF ANY CONVECTION FROM NOW WOULD BE DIFFICULT. WINDS WILL GENERALLY BE SOUTHWEST AT 5 TO 10 KTS EARLY TONIGHT...BECOMING LIGHT AND VARIABLE AFTER MIDNIGHT...BUT STRONGER WINDS POSSIBLE IF ANY NEW CONVECTION OCCURS LATER TONIGHT. WINDS WILL BECOME WESTERLY AT 10 TO 15 KTS WITH GUSTS TO 20 KTS. OUTLOOK... THU NT...VFR/MVFR. SCT -SHRA/-TSRA. FRI-FRI NT...VFR. NO SIG WX. SAT...VFR/MVFR. CHC -SHRA. SUN...VFR/MVFR/ CHC -SHRA/-TSRA MON...VFR. NO SIG WX. && .FIRE WEATHER... ISOLDATED TO SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE AHEAD OF A PREFRONTAL THROUGH TONIGHT. MORE SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE AHEAD OF A COLD FRONT TOMORROW INTO TOMORROW NIGHT RELATIVE HUMIDITIES WILL RECOVER TO BETWEEN 90 AND 100 PERCENT. WINDS...OUTSIDE OF CONVECTION...WILL BE LIGHT AND VARIABLE. RELATIVE HUMIDITIES WILL RANGE FROM 40 TO 60 PERCENT ACROSS THE REGION TOMORROW AFTERNOON. THE WINDS WILL BE FROM THE WEST OR SOUTHWEST AT 10 TO 20 MPH. THE WINDS WILL CONTINUE TO SHIFT TO THE W/NW AT 10-15 MPH THURSDAY NIGHT WITH RH VALUES LOWERING TO 75 TO 100 PERCENT. && .HYDROLOGY... NO HYDRO PROBLEMS ARE EXPECTED ON THE MAIN STEM RIVERS THE NEXT 5 DAYS. SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS TONIGHT INTO THURSDAY MAY PRODUCE HEAVY RAINFALL WITH SOME POOR DRAINAGE OR SMALL STREAM FLOODING. ALSO...ANY THUNDERSTORMS REPEATEDLY MOVING OVER THE SAME AREA WILL YIELD SOME PONDING OF WATER ON ROADWAYS OR POOR DRAINAGE FLOODING TOO. MANY LOCATIONS NEED SOME RAINFALL DUE TO THE RELATIVELY DRY STRETCH OVER THE PAST 2-3 WEEKS. THE ALBANY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT HAS NOT HAD A TENTH OF AN INCH OF RAINFALL OR MORE...SINCE MAY 20TH. DRY CONDITIONS LOOK TO LAST ONLY INTO FRIDAY. THE FRONTAL BOUNDARY LIFTS NORTHWARD AS A WARM FRONT WITH PERIODS OF SHOWERS AND PERHAPS THUNDERSTORMS POSSIBLE ON THE WEEKEND. PLEASE REFER TO STATEMENTS FROM OUR OFFICE IN BURLINGTON VT FOR DETAILS ON LAKE CHAMPLAIN. FOR DETAILS ON SPECIFIC AREA RIVERS AND LAKES...INCLUDING OBSERVED AND FORECAST RIVER STAGES AND LAKE ELEVATIONS...PLEASE VISIT THE ADVANCED HYDROLOGIC PREDICTION SERVICE /AHPS/ GRAPHS ON OUR WEBSITE. && .CLIMATE... RECORD HIGH TEMPERATURES FOR TODAY... LOCATION TEMP YEAR ALB 93 1984 GFL 92 1984 POU 95 1984 DDH 89 2007 AQW 89 2007 PSF 90 1938 LAST TIME ALB WAS AT OR ABOVE 95F WAS JULY 6 2010 THE *DATA FROM XMACIS && .ALY WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... CT...NONE. NY...NONE. MA...NONE. VT...NONE. && SYNOPSIS...GJM/WASULA NEAR TERM...GJM/WASULA SHORT TERM...WASULA LONG TERM...JPV AVIATION...GJM FIRE WEATHER... HYDROLOGY...WASULA CLIMATE...
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY 800 PM EDT WED JUN 8 2011 CTZ001-013-MAZ001-025-NYZ032-033-038>043-047>054-058>061-063>066- 082>084-VTZ013>015-100000- NORTHERN LITCHFIELD-SOUTHERN LITCHFIELD-NORTHERN BERKSHIRE- SOUTHERN BERKSHIRE-NORTHERN HERKIMER-HAMILTON-SOUTHERN HERKIMER- SOUTHERN FULTON-MONTGOMERY-NORTHERN SARATOGA-NORTHERN WARREN- NORTHERN WASHINGTON-SCHOHARIE-WESTERN SCHENECTADY- EASTERN SCHENECTADY-SOUTHERN SARATOGA-WESTERN ALBANY-EASTERN ALBANY- WESTERN RENSSELAER-EASTERN RENSSELAER-WESTERN GREENE-EASTERN GREENE- WESTERN COLUMBIA-EASTERN COLUMBIA-WESTERN ULSTER-EASTERN ULSTER- WESTERN DUTCHESS-EASTERN DUTCHESS-NORTHERN FULTON-SOUTHEAST WARREN- SOUTHERN WASHINGTON-BENNINGTON-WESTERN WINDHAM-EASTERN WINDHAM- 800 PM EDT WED JUN 8 2011 ...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 440 IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 PM EDT THIS EVENING... THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHWESTERN CONNECTICUT...WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS...EAST CENTRAL NEW YORK AND SOUTHERN VERMONT. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT. PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS. SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY. THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS GREATER THAN OF EQUAL TO 58 MPH...AND LARGE HAIL ONE INCH OR GREATER IN DIAMETER. THE THUNDERSTORMS WILL FORM AHEAD OF A COLD FRONT AND MOVE FROM WEST TO EAST AROUND 35 MPH. THERE IS A CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS ON SUNDAY. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION HAS BEEN REQUESTED FOR THE FOLLOWING COUNTIES...HAMILTON...HERKIMER...FULTON...MONTGOMERY... SCHENECTADY...ALBANY...SCHOHARIE...RENSSELAER...WASHINGTON... SARATOGA...WARREN...GREENE...COLUMBIA...ULSTER...DUTCHESS... BERKSHIRE...LITCHFIELD...BENNINGTON...AND WINDHAM COUNTIES.
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY
810 PM EDT WED JUN 08 2011
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0645 PM TSTM WND DMG JOHNSBURG 43.52N 73.96W
06/08/2011 WARREN NY EMERGENCY MNGR
TREES AND WIRES DOWN
0657 PM TSTM WND DMG CHESTERTOWN 43.65N 73.80W
06/08/2011 WARREN NY EMERGENCY MNGR
TREES AND WIRES DOWN
0650 PM TSTM WND DMG 2 N SOUTH HORICON 43.68N 73.76W
06/08/2011 WARREN NY EMERGENCY MNGR
TREES AND WIRES DOWN
&&
SDIRIENZPRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY
812 PM EDT WED JUN 08 2011
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0805 PM HAIL PITTSFIELD 42.45N 73.26W
06/08/2011 M1.00 INCH BERKSHIRE MA TRAINED SPOTTER
&&
SDIRIENZPRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY
813 PM EDT WED JUN 08 2011
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0810 PM HAIL PITTSFIELD 42.45N 73.26W
06/08/2011 E1.50 INCH BERKSHIRE MA TRAINED SPOTTER
&&
SDIRIENZPRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY
815 PM EDT WED JUN 08 2011
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0800 PM HAIL PITTSFIELD 42.45N 73.26W
06/08/2011 E1.75 INCH BERKSHIRE MA TRAINED SPOTTER
&&
SDIRIENZPRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY
820 PM EDT WED JUN 08 2011
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0800 PM HAIL EAST CHATHAM 42.41N 73.53W
06/08/2011 E1.00 INCH COLUMBIA NY TRAINED SPOTTER
&&
SDIRIENZPRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ALBANY NY
825 PM EDT WED JUN 08 2011
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0824 PM TSTM WND DMG LENOX 42.36N 73.29W
06/08/2011 BERKSHIRE MA AMATEUR RADIO
*** 1 INJ *** TREES DOWN
&&
SDIRIENZThe Albany radar (KENX), 135 km away, was scanning. The volume nearest the first event began at 00:26 UTC.
2 thunderstorm wind. Local standard time, as filed.
Trees were reported down in Grafton due to strong thunderstorm winds.
Trees were reported down in Londonderry due to strong thunderstorm winds.
After NWS Directive 10-1605, the rules offices file Storm Data by.
Every storm in Vermont in 2011Every state in 2011This day in weather historyWarnings in Vermont, June 2011
NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Storm Events Database, compiled from the National Weather Service’s monthly Storm Data. Complete through 2026-06; NCEI adds each month about 75 days after it ends and revises past years a few times a year. Rebuilt 2026-09-24. Each event’s entry at NCEI: 325238, 325240.