Alert archive / Texas / Tornado Warnings in 2026
Tornado Warning 35, NWS Shreveport, LA
NWS Shreveport, LA issued this tornado warning at Apr 24, 2026, 10:20 PM CDT for Camp County, Upshur County, Texas. It was in force for 40 min. 3 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Apr 24, 2026, 10:20 PM CDT (03:20 UTC)
- Expired
- Apr 24, 2026, 11:00 PM CDT
- In force
- 40 min
- Issued by
- NWS Shreveport, LA
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Tornado
- Radar indicated
- Hail
- 0.0 in
Counties Camp County, TX, Upshur County, TX
The radar
The Shreveport radar (KSHV), 102 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 03:20 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 24, 10:30 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | 2 Nne Bettie, TX | Roof blown off a storage building about 6 miles north of the town of Gilmer. Time estimated by radar. |
| Apr 24, 10:37 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | 3 Wnw Bettie, TX | Media partner reported small trees downed along FM 2088, west of US 271, north of Gilmer. |
| Apr 24, 10:40 PM CDT | HAIL 1 | Gilmer, TX | Social media reports of quarter size hail. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this tornado warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The watch it was issued in
The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 24, 8:47 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 7 hr |
The nearest sounding before it
Shreveport, LA (KSHV), launched 00:00Z, 3.3 hours before the alert went out and 109 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 2211 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -4 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1249 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 31 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 12 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 147 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.4
- Supercell composite
- 4.1
The text
As transmitted.
862
WFUS54 KSHV 250320
TORSHV
TXC063-459-250400-
/O.NEW.KSHV.TO.W.0035.260425T0320Z-260425T0400Z/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Tornado Warning
National Weather Service Shreveport LA
1020 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
The National Weather Service in Shreveport has issued a
* Tornado Warning for...
Southwestern Camp County in northeastern Texas...
Central Upshur County in northeastern Texas...
* Until 1100 PM CDT.
* At 1020 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a
tornado was located 6 miles south of Pittsburg, moving southeast at
35 mph.
HAZARD...Tornado.
SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.
IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without
shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage
to roofs, windows and vehicles will occur. Tree damage is
likely.
* Locations impacted include...
Gladewater, Gilmer, Pittsburg, East Mountain, West Mountain, Diana,
Union Grove, Midway and Bettie.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a well-built building
away from windows. If you are outdoors, in a mobile home, or in a
vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter and protect yourself
from flying debris.
Tornadoes are difficult to observe at night. Take cover now!
&&
LAT...LON 3295 9512 3300 9497 3270 9470 3267 9470
3266 9473 3266 9476 3263 9478 3254 9498
TIME...MOT...LOC 0319Z 331DEG 31KT 3292 9500
TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
$$
132 follow-up statements
520
WWUS54 KSHV 250339
SVSSHV
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Shreveport LA
1039 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
TXC063-250349-
/O.CAN.KSHV.TO.W.0035.000000T0000Z-260425T0400Z/
Camp TX-
1039 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
...TORNADO WARNING IS CANCELLED FOR SOUTHWESTERN CAMP COUNTY...
The storm which prompted the warning has moved out of the area.
Therefore, the warning has been cancelled. However, gusty winds are
still possible with this thunderstorm.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 400 AM CDT
Saturday for a portion of northeast Texas.
&&
LAT...LON 3278 9506 3287 9485 3270 9470 3267 9470
3266 9473 3266 9476 3263 9479 3254 9498
TIME...MOT...LOC 0320Z 331DEG 31KT 3291 9500
$$
TXC459-250400-
/O.CON.KSHV.TO.W.0035.000000T0000Z-260425T0400Z/
Upshur TX-
1039 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
...TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM CDT FOR CENTRAL
UPSHUR COUNTY...
At 1039 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
was located near Gilmer, moving southeast at 35 mph.
HAZARD...Tornado and quarter size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.
IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without
shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage
to roofs, windows and vehicles will occur. Tree damage is
likely.
Locations impacted include...
Gladewater, Gilmer, East Mountain, West Mountain, Diana, Union
Grove and Bettie.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a well-built building
away from windows. If you are outdoors, in a mobile home, or in a
vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter and protect yourself
from flying debris.
Tornadoes are difficult to observe at night. Take cover now!
&&
LAT...LON 3278 9506 3287 9485 3270 9470 3267 9470
3266 9473 3266 9476 3263 9479 3254 9498
TIME...MOT...LOC 0320Z 328DEG 31KT 3291 9500
TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN
$$
13683
WWUS54 KSHV 250342
SVSSHV
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Shreveport LA
1042 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
TXC459-250400-
/O.CON.KSHV.TO.W.0035.000000T0000Z-260425T0400Z/
Upshur TX-
1042 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
...TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 11 PM CDT FOR EASTERN
UPSHUR COUNTY...
At 1042 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
was located 6 miles northwest of Diana, or 6 miles east of Gilmer,
moving southeast at 40 mph.
HAZARD...Tornado and quarter size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.
IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without
shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage
to roofs, windows and vehicles will occur. Tree damage is
likely.
Locations impacted include...
Gilmer, East Mountain and Diana.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a well-built building
away from windows. If you are outdoors, in a mobile home, or in a
vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter and protect yourself
from flying debris.
Tornadoes are difficult to observe at night. Take cover now!
&&
LAT...LON 3276 9497 3285 9483 3270 9470 3267 9470
3267 9471 3266 9473 3266 9476 3263 9479
3258 9489
TIME...MOT...LOC 0339Z 321DEG 34KT 3277 9486
TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN
$$
13What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Shreveport, LA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this tornado warning went out at Apr 24, 6:36 PM CDT, 3 hours 44 minutes earlier. Its key messages:
- Issued at 355 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
- Warm and moist southerly flow ahead of a front will promote strong instability across our region this afternoon into the evening with an expanding severe threat during this timeframe.
- An active weather period is expected through this weekend into early next week, including daily severe weather chances across much of the region late Saturday and possibly through Monday.
- Some Uncertainty exists for the middle of next week, but there is the potential for an active southwesterly flow pattern to develop, keeping rain chances across the region.
Area forecast discussion, Apr 24, 6:36 PM CDT, 3 hours 44 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Shreveport LA 636 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026 ...New AVIATION... .KEY MESSAGES... Issued at 355 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026 - Warm and moist southerly flow ahead of a front will promote strong instability across our region this afternoon into the evening with an expanding severe threat during this timeframe. - An active weather period is expected through this weekend into early next week, including daily severe weather chances across much of the region late Saturday and possibly through Monday. - Some Uncertainty exists for the middle of next week, but there is the potential for an active southwesterly flow pattern to develop, keeping rain chances across the region. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 355 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026 A decaying line of convection from morning storms ahead of a cold front continues to push southward into Southeast Oklahoma and Southwest/South-Central Arkansas at this current hour. We are starting to see some convection reform along this remnant activity, which could become a concern, as there is a very unstable atmosphere in place across the region. On the KSHV 18z sounding, mid-level lapse rates were over 8 C/km, with Sfc based CAPE over 2500 J/Kg. There is also sufficient 0-1 km SRH over the area along with 40 kt of Deep layer shear. In addition to this, the aforementioned cold front continues to slowly push southeastward across Central Oklahoma towards our area. Strong to severe convection has already started to fire along that boundary. Because of these concerns, the Storm Prediction Center has issued a Tornado Watch through 9 PM for Southeast Oklahoma, Northeast Texas, and adjacent SW Arkansas. This area generally covers our I-30 corridor, but remains north of I-20. An additional watch is probable downstream later today, as convection is expected to form into a MCS and push south into the region during the evening hours. All modes of severe weather will be in play, including hail over 2" and a isolated tornado or two of at least EF2 strength. The front is expected to stall near the Arkansas/Louisiana border, back across East Texas near the I-30 corridor. Convection is expected to diminish overnight, but it's not out of the question to see some additional convection during the late morning and early afternoon hours along the stalled front or remnant mesoscale boundaries. However, Saturday night is where we expect our next round of severe convection. The front is expected to lift northward during the afternoon hours. Additional convection is expected to form along the lifting front, eventually forming into a cluster of storms. This cluster is expected to shift southeastward back into our forecast area during the late evening hours and predawn hours on Sunday. A very unstable atmosphere will still be in place over the region, so all modes of severe weather should be in play again. We may see a brief quiet period starting on Sunday afternoon as weak upper ridging tries to build over the area. But, another front will move into the region on Monday, bringing another round of convection. We can't rule out some additional strong to severe thunderstorms with this system. Beyond Monday, uncertainty remains in the forecast. Long-term models continue to hint at upper ridging over the region, but the location of the ridge will play a vital role in our weather conditions. If the center of the ridge settles across the Central Gulf, it would essentially put our forecast zones in a potentially active southwest flow pattern, with rain chances remaining across the region. However, if the ridge is farther north, we would see drier conditions over the area. Please continue to monitor the forecast for updates. /20/ && .AVIATION... (00Z TAFS) Issued at 626 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026 For the 25/00Z TAFs, showers and thunderstorms are impacting ArkLaTex airspace from several directions. Across southwest Arkansas and north central Louisiana, scattered storms are bringing periods of heavy rain and gusty winds to KELD and KMLU. Meanwhile, a line of strong thunderstorms is moving southeast out of Oklahoma, and will bring impacts to the ArkLaTex through the evening hours, particularly along and north of I-20 from KTXK to KSHV and east into Louisiana and southwest Arkansas. These storms are expected to clear out of the region overnight, followed by CIGs dropping to MVFR and IFR levels by daybreak. VSBY reductions are also possible, but confidence in winds calming sufficiently is not yet high enough to prevail. South winds will become variable in the vicinity of intensifying storms, with locally gusty conditions in excess of 30 kts expected. Light and variable winds will resume in the wake of these storms, at max sustained speeds of 5 to 10 kts late in this forecast period. /26/ && .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Issued at 355 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026 Spotter activation will likely be needed on this afternoon into late tonight, and may be necessary at times during this weekend. /20/ && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... SHV 66 87 67 88 / 70 10 60 30 MLU 64 86 66 86 / 70 30 50 50 DEQ 59 81 61 81 / 50 20 80 40 TXK 64 84 66 84 / 70 20 80 40 ELD 60 81 61 83 / 70 20 70 40 TYR 68 88 69 88 / 60 10 40 10 GGG 66 88 67 88 / 70 10 50 20 LFK 69 89 69 90 / 40 10 20 10 && .SHV WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... AR...None. LA...None. OK...None. TX...None. && DISCUSSION...20 AVIATION...26
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Apr 24, 6:03 PM CDT, 4 hours 17 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Shreveport LA
603 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
LAZ005-006-250000-
Union LA-Lincoln LA-
603 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT SOUTHWESTERN UNION AND NORTHERN
LINCOLN PARISHES UNTIL 7 PM CDT...
At 603 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 10
miles north of Grambling, moving east at 25 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph and half inch size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor damage to outdoor objects is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Dubach, Vienna, Shiloh, Unionville, D Arbonne, Mount Zion and
Corinth.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Monitor the weather situation closely and be alert for threatening
weather conditions.
This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio
stations and available television stations for additional information
and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.
Frequent cloud to ground lightning is occurring with this storm.
Lightning can strike 10 miles away from a thunderstorm. Seek a safe
shelter inside a building or vehicle.
&&
LAT...LON 3259 9275 3272 9280 3288 9247 3264 9238
TIME...MOT...LOC 2302Z 251DEG 15KT 3268 9273
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.50 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
19Special weather statement, Apr 24, 6:11 PM CDT, 4 hours 9 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Shreveport LA
611 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
ARZ060-061-250015-
Hempstead AR-Nevada AR-
611 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT SOUTHEASTERN HEMPSTEAD AND
SOUTHWESTERN NEVADA COUNTIES UNTIL 715 PM CDT...
At 611 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 9
miles southeast of Fulton, or 11 miles southwest of Hope, moving east
at 20 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph and penny size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor damage to outdoor objects is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Bodcaw, Patmos and Sutton.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Monitor the weather situation closely and be alert for threatening
weather conditions.
This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio
stations and available television stations for additional information
and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.
Frequent cloud to ground lightning is occurring with this storm.
Lightning can strike 10 miles away from a thunderstorm. Seek a safe
shelter inside a building or vehicle.
&&
LAT...LON 3348 9372 3357 9376 3369 9340 3351 9334
3348 9370
TIME...MOT...LOC 2310Z 251DEG 15KT 3353 9369
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.75 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH
19Special weather statement, Apr 24, 6:35 PM CDT, 3 hours 45 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Shreveport LA
635 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
LAZ004-250030-
Claiborne LA-
635 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT CENTRAL CLAIBORNE PARISH UNTIL
730 PM CDT...
At 635 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 6
miles northwest of Homer, moving east at 20 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph and half inch size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor damage to outdoor objects is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Homer and Antioch.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Monitor the weather situation closely and be alert for threatening
weather conditions.
This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio
stations and available television stations for additional information
and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.
Frequent cloud to ground lightning is occurring with this storm.
Lightning can strike 10 miles away from a thunderstorm. Seek a safe
shelter inside a building or vehicle.
&&
LAT...LON 3276 9318 3287 9323 3299 9290 3282 9283
TIME...MOT...LOC 2335Z 252DEG 15KT 3283 9315
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.50 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
19Local storm report, Apr 24, 7:15 PM CDT, 3 hours 5 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Shreveport LA
715 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0523 PM Hail 2 NNE Watson 34.46N 94.54W
04/24/2026 M1.00 Inch McCurtain OK Public
Cottage community east of Smithville
reported lots of hail covering the ground,
some stones up to quarter size.
&&
50Special weather statement, Apr 24, 9:03 PM CDT, 1 hour 17 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Shreveport LA
903 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
LAZ001>003-250245-
Caddo LA-Bossier LA-Webster LA-
903 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT CENTRAL CADDO...CENTRAL BOSSIER
AND CENTRAL WEBSTER PARISHES UNTIL 945 PM CDT...
At 903 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 7
miles northwest of Eastwood, or 10 miles north of Bossier City,
moving east at 30 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 30 mph and pea size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor damage to outdoor objects is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Minden, Benton, Cotton Valley, Bellevue, Ivan, Linton, Red Chute,
Couchwood and Gilark.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Monitor the weather situation closely and be alert for threatening
weather conditions.
&&
LAT...LON 3255 9376 3255 9377 3270 9382 3285 9334
3263 9326
TIME...MOT...LOC 0203Z 251DEG 25KT 3266 9361
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.25 IN
MAX WIND GUST...30 MPH
09Local storm report, Apr 24, 10:05 PM CDT, 15 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Shreveport LA
1005 PM CDT Fri Apr 24 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0950 PM Hail 1 N Mount Vernon 33.19N 95.22W
04/24/2026 E1.00 Inch Franklin TX Broadcast Media
Lots of hail ranging from dime to quarter
size.
&&
50The office that day
Everything else NWS Shreveport, LA issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apr 24, 7:35 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SHV | Red River | 55 min |
| Apr 24, 8:15 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SHV | Franklin, Red River | 75 min |
| Apr 24, 8:31 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SHV | Bowie, Red River | 59 min |
| Apr 24, 8:40 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SHV | Franklin, Red River, Titus | 56 min |
| Apr 24, 9:28 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SHV | Bowie, Cass | 47 min |
| Apr 24, 9:34 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SHV | Camp, Cass, Franklin, Morris, Red River, Titus and 2 more | 71 min |
| Apr 24, 9:48 PM CDT | Tornado Warning | SHV | Camp, Franklin, Titus, Upshur | 57 min |
| Apr 24, 10:24 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SHV | Smith, Wood | 66 min |
| Apr 24, 10:35 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SHV | Camp, Cass, Gregg, Harrison, Marion, Morris and 3 more | 40 min |
| Apr 24, 10:55 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SHV | Gregg, Harrison, Rusk, Upshur | 50 min |
| Apr 24, 11:30 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SHV | Smith, Wood | 45 min |
| Apr 24, 11:42 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SHV | Gregg, Harrison, Panola, Rusk | 48 min |
| Apr 24, 11:54 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | SHV | Gregg | 66 min |
| Apr 25, 12:00 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | SHV | Gregg, Rusk, Smith | 60 min |
| Apr 25, 12:41 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | SHV | Panola, Shelby | 64 min |
| Apr 25, 1:01 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | SHV | Rusk | 44 min |
| Apr 25, 1:36 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | SHV | Nacogdoches, Panola, Shelby | 54 min |
| Apr 25, 2:19 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | SHV | Cherokee | 56 min |
| Apr 25, 2:23 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | SHV | Sabine, Shelby | 67 min |
| Apr 25, 3:14 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | SHV | Cherokee | 46 min |
| Apr 25, 3:58 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | SHV | Cherokee | 62 min |
| Apr 25, 1:21 PM CDT | River Flood Warning | SHV | Smith, Wood | 4 days |
Nearby
Tornado Warnings in Texas, 2026Every tornado warning in 2026Tornadoes in 2026
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.