Alert archive / Washington / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2026
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 13, NWS Spokane, WA
NWS Spokane, WA issued this severe thunderstorm warning at May 28, 2026, 7:37 PM PDT for Spokane County, Washington. It was in force for 38 min. 4 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- May 28, 2026, 7:37 PM PDT (02:37 UTC)
- Expired
- May 28, 2026, 8:15 PM PDT
- In force
- 38 min
- Issued by
- NWS Spokane, WA
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Hail
- 1.0 in
- Wind
- 60.0 mph
County Spokane County, WA
The radar
The Spokane radar (KOTX), 24 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 02:38 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| May 28, 8:00 PM PDT | TSTM WND DMG | 3 N Spokane, WA | Broken 8 inch maple tree limb. Time estimated. |
| May 28, 8:03 PM PDT | TSTM WND DMG | 2 Nnw Spokane, WA | Delayed report. Photo of a heavily leafed uprooted juniper tree estimated 14 to 18 inches in diameter smashing a a car. Time estimated by radar. |
| May 28, 8:03 PM PDT | TSTM WND DMG | 2 Nw Spokane, WA | Delayed report. Photo of uprooted mature white fir falling directly onto the side of an elementary school. Time estimated by radar. |
| May 28, 8:10 PM PDT | TSTM WND DMG | Eagle Ridge, WA | Corrects previous tstm wnd dmg report from Eagle Ridge. Small Ponderosa lost in Eagle Ridge, 10 inches in diameter. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 5 storm reports to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 23 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The watch it was issued in
The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| May 28, 3:21 PM PDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 9 hr |
The nearest sounding before it
Spokane, WA (KOTX), launched 00:00Z, 2.6 hours before the alert went out and 74 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 1168 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -53 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 2331 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 24 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- -3 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 9 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- -0.2
The text
As transmitted.
930
WUUS56 KOTX 290237
SVROTX
WAC063-290315-
/O.NEW.KOTX.SV.W.0013.260529T0237Z-260529T0315Z/
BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Spokane WA
737 PM PDT Thu May 28 2026
The National Weather Service in Spokane has issued a
* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
Central Spokane County in northeastern Washington...
* Until 815 PM PDT.
* At 737 PM PDT, a severe thunderstorm was located 11 miles east of
Cheney, moving northwest at 25 mph.
HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind damage
to roofs, siding, and trees.
* Locations impacted include...
Spokane, Spokane Valley, Cheney, Spangle, Four Lakes, Valleyford,
Marshall, and Mica.
This includes the following highways...
Interstate 90 in Washington between mile markers 268 and 285.
U.S. Highway 195 in Washington between mile markers 80 and 95.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
For your protection move to an interior room on the lowest floor of a
building.
&&
LAT...LON 4755 11719 4743 11739 4754 11767 4772 11740
TIME...MOT...LOC 0237Z 134DEG 20KT 4750 11734
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...60 MPH
$$
ButlerWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Spokane, WA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at May 28, 2:08 PM PDT, 5 hours 29 minutes earlier. Its key messages:
- Scattered severe thunderstorms this afternoon and evening (Thursday). Some storms will be capable of producing damaging outflow winds, large hail, and heavy downpours. Some storms will continue into Friday over the northern mountains and Idaho Panhandle.
- Very warm this afternoon with minor to moderate HeatRisk. Heat related impacts possible to those that are sensitive to the heat especially to those without adequate cooling and/or hydration.
- Gusty winds through the Cascade gaps into the Wenatchee Area, Waterville Plateau, and Moses Lake Area Friday afternoon and evening with a 40-50% chance for gusts of greater than 40 mph.
Area forecast discussion, May 28, 2:08 PM PDT, 5 hours 29 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Spokane WA 208 PM PDT Thu May 28 2026 .KEY MESSAGES... - Scattered severe thunderstorms this afternoon and evening (Thursday). Some storms will be capable of producing damaging outflow winds, large hail, and heavy downpours. Some storms will continue into Friday over the northern mountains and Idaho Panhandle. - Very warm this afternoon with minor to moderate HeatRisk. Heat related impacts possible to those that are sensitive to the heat especially to those without adequate cooling and/or hydration. - Gusty winds through the Cascade gaps into the Wenatchee Area, Waterville Plateau, and Moses Lake Area Friday afternoon and evening with a 40-50% chance for gusts of greater than 40 mph. && .SYNOPSIS... Warm and muggy conditions today will give way to thunderstorms in the late afternoon and evening. Some thunderstorms will be strong to severe and capable of producing damaging outflow winds, hail, and heavy downpours. Breezy to windy conditions on Friday especially through the Cascade gaps. The weekend will be drier and occasionally breezy. && .DISCUSSION... Rest of this afternoon through Friday: A vigorous shortwave is rounding a deep upper level low pressure system off to our south. The center of the low is situated over central California and the shortwave is currently pushing across northern Nevada. A highly diffluent flow pattern aloft and a strong vorticity maximum in the northeast quadrant of the this low pressure system will be the kicker that initiates convection across the Inland Northwest today. Strong to severe thunderstorms are already being observed in western Idaho to eastern Oregon. The potential for severe thunderstorms will initially favor the southern Idaho Panhandle into southeast Washington by 3-4 pm. Thunderstorms are then progged to develop north to northwest with time through the rest of the afternoon into the evening. Thunderstorms will initially favor supercell development with the potential for hail of 1.5-2.0 inches and along with damaging outflow winds. There is a non-zero chance for tornadoes with supercells over the southeast portion of the forecast area; a very low chance of 2-4 percent within a 25 mile radius, but not of the question this afternoon. Thunderstorms are then expected to organize along a line and transition to favoring damaging winds over producing large hail as this line progresses across the Columbia Basin into the Spokane- Coeur d'Alene Area. The amount of CAPE in the 1000-3000 J/kg range with 20-30 kts of 0-6 km bulk shear is enough for the potential of damaging wind gusts along the leading edge of the line of thunderstorms. As the cold pool gets established, we could see winds in the 60-70 mph range. This will not only bring the potential for down trees and power lines, but also bring the potential for blowing dust across the Columbia Basin, into the Palouse and northward along the Highway 2 corridor. Blowing dust may be enough to reduce visibility down to a mile or less and result in rapid changes to visibility. The line of thunderstorms is expected to push north of the Canadian border between midnight to 2AM. A shortwave pushing in off of the eastern Pacific will bring additional convection on Friday primarily across the northern mountains, but also across the southern Idaho Panhandle. We won't be nearly as unstable as today, but there is still the potential for a few stronger thunderstorms that brings small hail, gusty outflow winds, and brief heavy downpours. The shortwave will also tighten the westerly gradient with gusty winds of 35-45 mph through the Cascade gaps into the Wenatchee Area, Waterville Plateau, and into the western Columbia Basin. Friday night through Thursday: The disturbance that moves across on Friday looks to push much of the moisture and instability east of the region by Saturday. It also will bring temperatures down a bit with temperatures back down to near normal in the 60s to low 70s. Overall a much drier forecast for the weekend and occasionally breezy. Showers and isolated thunderstorms may hang on over the Idaho Panhandle into the Northeast Mountains through the weekend into Monday as the shortwave looks to stall over the northern Rocky Mountains and possibly form a closed low circulation. Temperatures warm back up above normal next week into the mid to upper 70s by Tuesday into Wednesday. Models are indicating a shortwave disturbance around the Wednesday into Thursday time frame that would bring the potential for breezy winds and also a threat for showers and thunderstorms particularly over Northeast Washington and into the Idaho Panhandle. /SVH && .AVIATION... 18Z TAFs: WIDELY SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS TODAY WITH A THREAT OF SEVERE WEATHER INCLUDING DAMAGING WINDS, BLOWING DUST AND LARGE HAIL There is good model agreement that strong to severe thunderstorms will threaten all TAF sites picking initiating between 22-01Z moving northward across the eastern Washington and the Idaho Panhandle through 08Z. Main impacts with these thunderstorms will be for severe wind gusts up to 70+ kts, torrential rainfall, and hail. For hail, there is the potential for isolated storms to produce up to ping pong to baseball sized hail with KLWS and KPUW carrying the higher threat. Another potential impact will come from models supporting damaging winds developing at the leading edge of the thunderstorms, which will also have the potential to pick up significant blowing dust across the Columbia Basin (KEPH/KMWH) prior to heavy rain. It's possible some of this dust could briefly lower visibility at KGEG, KSFF, KCOE, and KPUW, but confidence in BLDU too low to include for these TAF sites. FORECAST CONFIDENCE AND/OR ALTERNATE SCENARIOS: There is high confidence of impactful thunderstorms over all TAF sites from 22Z Thursday through 08Z Friday. Models support with moderate confidence of 50-60kt gusts with thunderstorms and localized 70kt wind gusts with severe thunderstorms. ----------------------- Confidence descriptors: Low - Less than a 30 percent chance Moderate - 30 to 70 percent chance High - Greater than a 70 percent chance For additional probabilistic information for NWS Spokane airports, please refer to the Aviation Dashboard on our webpage: https:/www.weather.gov/otx/avndashboard && .Preliminary Point Temps/PoPs... Spokane 54 74 47 65 45 67 / 70 10 20 0 10 20 Coeur d'Alene 57 74 49 62 46 62 / 70 10 20 0 30 30 Pullman 50 69 43 59 41 62 / 70 10 10 0 0 10 Lewiston 56 76 52 65 48 69 / 60 40 30 10 0 0 Colville 50 76 43 69 41 70 / 80 50 60 20 10 30 Sandpoint 54 75 48 63 44 61 / 60 30 30 10 40 60 Kellogg 56 75 48 61 45 60 / 70 10 10 20 40 40 Moses Lake 55 77 44 72 42 75 / 80 20 0 0 0 0 Wenatchee 62 73 49 70 48 75 / 70 40 10 0 0 0 Omak 59 76 48 73 48 75 / 80 80 30 10 0 0 && .OTX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... WA...None. ID...None. &&
In the hours before
Special weather statement, May 28, 6:55 PM PDT, 42 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Spokane WA
655 PM PDT Thu May 28 2026
IDZ002-003-WAZ033-036-290230-
Coeur d'Alene Area ID-Idaho Palouse ID-Spokane Area WA-
Washington Palouse WA-
655 PM PDT Thu May 28 2026
...Strong thunderstorms will impact portions of northwestern Latah,
west central Benewah, southwestern Kootenai, northeastern Whitman and
southeastern Spokane Counties through 730 PM PDT...
At 655 PM PDT, Doppler radar was tracking a cluster of strong
thunderstorms 12 miles west of Plummer, or 22 miles southeast of
Cheney, moving northwest at 20 mph.
HAZARD...Winds in excess of 40 mph and penny size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to outdoor objects is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Tekoa, Fairfield, Rockford, Spangle, Latah, Farmington, Tensed,
Waverly, and Valleyford.
This includes the following highways...
U.S. Highway 95 in Idaho between mile markers 382 and 390.
U.S. Highway 195 in Washington between mile markers 79 and 84.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until midnight PDT for
the Panhandle of Idaho...and eastern and northeastern Washington.
&&
LAT...LON 4720 11689 4703 11699 4748 11745 4759 11708
TIME...MOT...LOC 0155Z 157DEG 15KT 4733 11715
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.75 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
ButlerSpecial weather statement, May 28, 7:03 PM PDT, 34 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Spokane WA
703 PM PDT Thu May 28 2026
WAZ044-290300-
Waterville Plateau WA-
703 PM PDT Thu May 28 2026
...A strong thunderstorm will impact portions of west central Douglas
County through 800 PM PDT...
At 703 PM PDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 15
miles northeast of Rock Island, or 20 miles east of Wenatchee, moving
northwest at 5 mph.
HAZARD...Winds in excess of 40 mph and penny size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to outdoor objects is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Alstown.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until midnight PDT for
north central Washington.
&&
LAT...LON 4751 11974 4745 11994 4753 12015 4767 11986
TIME...MOT...LOC 0203Z 147DEG 6KT 4753 11991
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.75 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
ButlerSpecial weather statement, May 28, 7:06 PM PDT, 31 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Spokane WA
706 PM PDT Thu May 28 2026
IDZ003-WAZ033-290245-
Idaho Palouse ID-Washington Palouse WA-
706 PM PDT Thu May 28 2026
...A strong thunderstorm will impact portions of northwestern Latah,
west central Benewah, northeastern Whitman and southern Spokane
Counties through 745 PM PDT...
At 706 PM PDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 11
miles northeast of Colfax, or 20 miles north of Pullman, moving north
at 25 mph.
HAZARD...Winds in excess of 40 mph and penny size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to outdoor objects is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Garfield, Rosalia, Oakesdale, Farmington, Tensed, Thornton, Steptoe,
and Belmont.
This includes the following highways...
U.S. Highway 95 in Idaho between mile markers 382 and 385.
U.S. Highway 195 in Washington between mile markers 45 and 66.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until midnight PDT for
the Panhandle of Idaho...and eastern and northeastern Washington.
&&
LAT...LON 4693 11715 4699 11740 4726 11738 4719 11688
TIME...MOT...LOC 0206Z 199DEG 21KT 4703 11724
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.75 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
ButlerSpecial weather statement, May 28, 7:20 PM PDT, 17 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Spokane WA
720 PM PDT Thu May 28 2026
IDZ001-004-290315-
Central Panhandle Mountains ID-Northern Panhandle ID-
720 PM PDT Thu May 28 2026
...A strong thunderstorm will impact portions of south central
Bonner, northwestern Shoshone and northeastern Kootenai Counties
through 815 PM PDT...
At 719 PM PDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 17
miles south of Clark Fork, or 25 miles north of Pinehurst, moving
northwest at 15 mph.
HAZARD...Winds in excess of 40 mph and penny size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to outdoor objects is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Magee Ranger Station and Bayview.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until midnight PDT for
the Panhandle of Idaho.
&&
LAT...LON 4789 11607 4780 11626 4797 11659 4810 11627
TIME...MOT...LOC 0219Z 143DEG 14KT 4790 11625
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.75 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
ButlerSpecial weather statement, May 28, 7:24 PM PDT, 13 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Spokane WA
724 PM PDT Thu May 28 2026
WAZ034-035-290315-
Moses Lake Area WA-Upper Columbia Basin WA-
724 PM PDT Thu May 28 2026
...A strong thunderstorm will impact portions of north central Adams,
southwestern Lincoln and eastern Grant Counties through 815 PM PDT...
At 724 PM PDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 16
miles northeast of Warden, or 19 miles east of Moses Lake, moving
northwest at 5 mph.
HAZARD...Winds in excess of 40 mph and nickel size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to outdoor objects is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Batum and Moody.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until midnight PDT for
eastern and north central Washington.
&&
LAT...LON 4718 11874 4711 11887 4722 11908 4732 11881
TIME...MOT...LOC 0224Z 152DEG 6KT 4719 11889
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.88 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
ButlerSpecial weather statement, May 28, 7:31 PM PDT, 6 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Spokane WA
731 PM PDT Thu May 28 2026
WAZ033-036-037-290330-
Spokane Area WA-Northeast Mountains WA-Washington Palouse WA-
731 PM PDT Thu May 28 2026
...A strong thunderstorm will impact portions of central Spokane
County through 830 PM PDT...
At 731 PM PDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 12
miles south of Dishman, or 12 miles south of Spokane Valley, moving
north at 25 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts of 50 to 55 mph and nickel size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to outdoor objects is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Spokane, Spokane Valley, Cheney, Liberty Lake, Airway Heights,
Medical Lake, Millwood, Fairwood, Fairchild AFB, Green Acres,
Trentwood, Country Homes, Town And Country, Dishman, Mead, Otis
Orchards-East Farms, Fairfield, Rockford, Spangle, and Valleyford.
This includes the following highways...
Interstate 90 in Washington between mile markers 269 and 297.
U.S. Highway 195 in Washington between mile markers 74 and 95.
U.S. Highway 395 in Washington between mile markers 165 and 167.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until midnight PDT for
northeastern Washington.
&&
LAT...LON 4742 11708 4731 11733 4770 11782 4783 11711
TIME...MOT...LOC 0231Z 168DEG 24KT 4748 11724
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.88 IN
MAX WIND GUST...55 MPH
ButlerThe office that day
Everything else NWS Spokane, WA issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 28, 6:11 PM PDT | Special Weather Statement | OTX | Garfield | 64 min |
| May 28, 6:50 PM PDT | Special Weather Statement | OTX | Lincoln | 25 min |
| May 28, 6:55 PM PDT | Special Weather Statement | OTX | Spokane | 35 min |
| May 28, 7:03 PM PDT | Special Weather Statement | OTX | Douglas | 57 min |
| May 28, 7:06 PM PDT | Special Weather Statement | OTX | Whitman | 39 min |
| May 28, 7:11 PM PDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OTX | Spokane | 49 min |
| May 28, 7:16 PM PDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OTX | Lincoln | 59 min |
| May 28, 7:24 PM PDT | Special Weather Statement | OTX | Adams | 51 min |
| May 28, 7:31 PM PDT | Special Weather Statement | OTX | Spokane | 59 min |
| May 28, 7:48 PM PDT | Special Weather Statement | OTX | Grant | 87 min |
| May 28, 7:56 PM PDT | Areal Flood Advisory | OTX | Spokane, Whitman | 2 hr |
| May 28, 8:00 PM PDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OTX | Lincoln, Spokane, Stevens, Whitman | 60 min |
| May 28, 8:04 PM PDT | Special Weather Statement | OTX | Lincoln | 56 min |
| May 28, 8:06 PM PDT | Flash Flood Warning | OTX | Spokane, Whitman | 114 min |
| May 28, 8:11 PM PDT | Special Weather Statement | OTX | Grant | 64 min |
| May 28, 8:22 PM PDT | Flash Flood Warning | OTX | Lincoln | 107 min |
| May 28, 8:39 PM PDT | Areal Flood Advisory | OTX | Adams, Grant, Lincoln | 91 min |
| May 28, 8:40 PM PDT | Special Weather Statement | OTX | Lincoln | 35 min |
| May 28, 8:48 PM PDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OTX | Adams, Grant, Lincoln | 72 min |
| May 28, 9:00 PM PDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OTX | Adams, Chelan, Douglas, Grant, Lincoln | 75 min |
| May 28, 9:01 PM PDT | Special Weather Statement | OTX | Spokane | 44 min |
| May 28, 9:05 PM PDT | Areal Flood Advisory | OTX | Spokane | 86 min |
| May 28, 9:13 PM PDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OTX | Ferry, Lincoln, Okanogan, Spokane, Stevens | 55 min |
| May 28, 9:29 PM PDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OTX | Chelan, Douglas, Grant, Okanogan | 91 min |
| May 28, 9:43 PM PDT | Special Weather Statement | OTX | Ferry | 62 min |
| May 28, 10:08 PM PDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OTX | Ferry, Okanogan, Pend Oreille, Stevens | 67 min |
| May 29, 12:34 AM PDT | Special Weather Statement | OTX | Okanogan | 26 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Washington, 2026Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2026
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.