Alert archive / Tennessee / Flash Flood Warnings in 2026
Flash Flood Warning 55, NWS Nashville, TN
NWS Nashville, TN issued this flash flood warning at Aug 7, 2026, 5:22 PM CDT for 4 counties in Tennessee. It was in force for 4 hr. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Aug 7, 2026, 5:22 PM CDT (22:22 UTC)
- Expired
- Aug 7, 2026, 9:15 PM CDT
- In force
- 4 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Nashville, TN
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Flood severity
- None
Counties Davidson County, TN, Rutherford County, TN, Williamson County, TN, Wilson County, TN
The radar
The Nashville radar (KOHX), 33 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 22:23 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 7, 5:36 PM CDT | FLASH FLOOD | 4 S Smyrna, TN | report of road closures and vehicles stranded between Smyrna and Murfreesboro. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 2 storm reports to this flash flood warning; the first came 14 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Nashville Metro, TN (KBNA), launched 12:00Z, 10.4 hours before the alert went out and 26 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 1401 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -46 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 764 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 12 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 91 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 73 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted.
715
WGUS54 KOHX 072222
FFWOHX
TNC037-149-187-189-080115-
/O.NEW.KOHX.FF.W.0055.260807T2222Z-260808T0115Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Flash Flood Warning
National Weather Service Nashville TN
522 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
The National Weather Service in Nashville has issued a
* Flash Flood Warning for...
Southeastern Davidson County in Middle Tennessee...
Rutherford County in Middle Tennessee...
Eastern Williamson County in Middle Tennessee...
Wilson County in Middle Tennessee...
* Until 815 PM CDT.
* At 522 PM CDT, Doppler radar indicated thunderstorms producing
heavy rain across the warned area. Between 1 and 2 inches of rain
have fallen. The expected rainfall rate is 2 inches in 1 hour.
Additional rainfall amounts of 1 to 2 inches are possible in the
warned area. Flash flooding is ongoing or expected to begin
shortly.
HAZARD...Flash flooding caused by thunderstorms.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Flash flooding of small creeks and streams, urban areas,
highways, streets and underpasses as well as other poor
drainage and low-lying areas.
* Some locations that will experience flash flooding include...
Murfreesboro, Franklin, Lebanon, Smyrna, Brentwood, La Vergne,
Spring Hill, Mount Juliet, Nolensville, Oak Hill, Thompson's
Station, Watertown, Walterhill, Rural Hill, Belinda City, Antioch,
Hermitage, Gladeville and Percy Priest Lake.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.
Be aware of your surroundings and do not drive on flooded roads.
&&
LAT...LON 3622 8668 3627 8616 3596 8614 3596 8615
3593 8616 3591 8614 3572 8624 3578 8697
FLASH FLOOD...RADAR INDICATED
EXPECTED RAINFALL RATE...2 INCHES IN 1 HOUR
$$
Dirkes3 follow-up statements
633
WGUS74 KOHX 080005
FFSOHX
Flash Flood Statement
National Weather Service Nashville TN
705 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
TNC037-189-080015-
/O.CAN.KOHX.FF.W.0055.000000T0000Z-260808T0115Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Davidson TN-Wilson TN-
705 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
...FLASH FLOOD WARNING IS CANCELLED FOR SOUTHEASTERN DAVIDSON AND
WILSON COUNTIES...
Flooding is no longer expected to pose a threat. Please continue to
heed remaining road closures.
&&
LAT...LON 3598 8684 3596 8626 3591 8614 3588 8616
3588 8617 3584 8618 3572 8624 3578 8697
$$
TNC149-187-080115-
/O.CON.KOHX.FF.W.0055.000000T0000Z-260808T0115Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Rutherford TN-Williamson TN-
705 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
...FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 815 PM CDT THIS
EVENING FOR RUTHERFORD AND EASTERN WILLIAMSON COUNTIES...
At 705 PM CDT, Doppler radar indicated thunderstorms producing heavy
rain across the warned area. Between 1 and 3 inches of rain have
fallen. The expected rainfall rate is 1 to 3 inches in 1 hour.
Additional rainfall amounts of 1 to 2 inches are possible in the
warned area. Flash flooding is ongoing or expected to begin shortly.
HAZARD...Flash flooding caused by thunderstorms.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Flash flooding of small creeks and streams, urban areas,
highways, streets and underpasses as well as other poor
drainage and low-lying areas.
Some locations that will experience flash flooding include...
Murfreesboro, Franklin, Smyrna, Brentwood, Spring Hill,
Nolensville, Thompson's Station, Walterhill, Rockvale, Triune and
Lascassas.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.
Be aware of your surroundings and do not drive on flooded roads.
&&
LAT...LON 3598 8684 3596 8626 3591 8614 3588 8616
3588 8617 3584 8618 3572 8624 3578 8697
FLASH FLOOD...RADAR INDICATED
EXPECTED RAINFALL RATE...1-3 INCHES IN 1 HOUR
$$
Sizemore179
WGUS54 KOHX 080043
FFWOHX
TNC149-187-080215-
/O.EXT.KOHX.FF.W.0055.000000T0000Z-260808T0215Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Flash Flood Warning
National Weather Service Nashville TN
743 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
The National Weather Service in Nashville has extended the
* Flash Flood Warning for...
Central Rutherford County in Middle Tennessee...
Eastern Williamson County in Middle Tennessee...
* Until 915 PM CDT.
* At 743 PM CDT, Doppler radar indicated thunderstorms producing
heavy rain across the warned area. Between 1 and 3.5 inches of rain
have fallen. The expected rainfall rate is 0.5 to 1 inch in 1 hour.
Additional rainfall amounts up to 0.5 inches are possible in the
warned area. Flash flooding is ongoing or expected to begin
shortly.
HAZARD...Flash flooding caused by thunderstorms.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Flash flooding of small creeks and streams, urban areas,
highways, streets and underpasses as well as other poor
drainage and low-lying areas.
* Some locations that will experience flash flooding include...
Murfreesboro, Franklin, Smyrna, Brentwood, Spring Hill,
Nolensville, Thompson's Station, Triune and Rockvale.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.
Be aware of your surroundings and do not drive on flooded roads.
&&
LAT...LON 3598 8684 3594 8634 3583 8624 3572 8627
3578 8693 3578 8697 3588 8690
FLASH FLOOD...RADAR INDICATED
EXPECTED RAINFALL RATE...0.5-1 INCH IN 1 HOUR
$$
Sizemore818
WGUS74 KOHX 080207
FFSOHX
Flash Flood Statement
National Weather Service Nashville TN
907 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
TNC149-187-080217-
/O.EXP.KOHX.FF.W.0055.000000T0000Z-260808T0215Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Rutherford TN-Williamson TN-
907 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
...FLASH FLOOD WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 915 PM CDT THIS EVENING FOR
CENTRAL RUTHERFORD AND EASTERN WILLIAMSON COUNTIES...
The heavy rain has ended. Flood waters have receded. Flooding is no
longer expected to pose a threat. Please continue to heed remaining
road closures.
&&
LAT...LON 3598 8684 3594 8634 3583 8624 3572 8627
3578 8693 3578 8697 3588 8690
$$
DirkesWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Nashville, TN wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Aug 7, 12:20 PM CDT, 5 hours 2 minutes earlier. Its key messages:
- Updated at 1218 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
- Scattered afternoon/early evening showers and storms each day. Low coverage west of I-65 with medium coverage east of I-65.
- No severe weather is expected, but any storm has the potential to produce gusty winds around 40 mph and heavy downpours causing local flash flooding.
- Heat Index values in the upper 90 to low 100s each afternoon, potentially a touch warmer Monday and Tuesday.
Area forecast discussion, Aug 7, 12:20 PM CDT, 5 hours 2 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Nashville TN 1220 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026 ...New AVIATION... .KEY MESSAGES... Updated at 1218 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026 - Scattered afternoon/early evening showers and storms each day. Low coverage west of I-65 with medium coverage east of I-65. - No severe weather is expected, but any storm has the potential to produce gusty winds around 40 mph and heavy downpours causing local flash flooding. - Heat Index values in the upper 90 to low 100s each afternoon, potentially a touch warmer Monday and Tuesday. && .SHORT TERM... (Rest of today through Saturday) Issued at 1100 AM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026 Our copy-paste weather button is getting worn out. Once again we will see scattered showers and a few storms bubble up through the afternoon. Most of us will not see any rain at all while a few of us will get more than we want. Other than the possibility of localized flooding in a spot or two, the storms will be gusty but below severe levels. As usual, most of the storms will die off with sunset and lead to patchy fog in the late night hours. The afternoon will bring typical August heat and humidity and the night will be muggy. For Saturday, things will change slightly. A shortwave trough coming from the west will help initiate scattered showers and storms distributed across the entire area. This is a change from recent days when storms were focused mostly over our southern and eastern counties. Main impacts will be gusty winds 40 to 50 mph, lightning, and local heavy downpours. Most outdoor events should be ok to proceed as scheduled, but plans should be in place for sheltering from passing storms. && .LONG TERM... (Saturday Night through next Friday) Issued at 1100 AM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026 A strong Bermuda high will be centered off to our east with another strong high centered over the southwest states. These high pressure systems will bridge over our area bringing slightly hotter temperatures and lower rain chances for Sunday through at least Tuesday. Rain chances will be in the 10 to 30 percent range while temperatures warm into the low to mid 90s for areas west of the Plateau. Heat risk will climb solidly into the "Major" level, which is level 3 out of 4. It is uncertain if heat headlines will be posted, but Monday and Tuesday look like the days with greatest chances for heat index values topping 105 in parts of the Mid State. Later in the week, the "bridge" between the high pressure centers will flatten out, allowing temps to back off slightly as daily shower and storm chances increase. This means generally typical August heat and humidity with 30 to 50 percent rain chances. && .AVIATION... (18Z TAFS) Issued at 1218 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026 Convective cells are already starting to fire up along the Cumberland Plateau, so we've included TEMPO TS/CBs for KCSV, PROB30 at KSRB, where probabilities are a little less. Remainder of the TAFs are VFR thru 18Z tomorrow. Storm chances are a little greater tomorrow afternoon, so we've included PROB30 TS/CBs for BNA after 18Z. && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Nashville 74 92 74 93 / 20 30 20 20 Clarksville 73 92 72 94 / 20 20 20 10 Crossville 67 85 68 87 / 20 50 20 40 Columbia 72 92 73 93 / 20 40 20 30 Cookeville 70 86 70 88 / 20 40 20 30 Jamestown 69 86 69 87 / 20 40 20 30 Lawrenceburg 71 90 72 91 / 20 40 20 30 Murfreesboro 72 92 73 93 / 20 40 20 20 Waverly 72 91 72 93 / 30 30 20 10 && .OHX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && SHORT TERM...13 LONG TERM....13 AVIATION.....Rose
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Aug 7, 3:27 PM CDT, 1 hour 55 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Nashville TN
327 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
TNZ030>032-064-072115-
Putnam TN-De Kalb TN-Jackson TN-Smith TN-
327 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL IMPACT EASTERN SMITH...NORTHEASTERN DE
KALB...SOUTHWESTERN JACKSON AND SOUTHWESTERN PUTNAM COUNTIES THROUGH
415 PM CDT...
At 327 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking strong thunderstorms along
a line extending from near Carthage to 8 miles west of Baxter to
Smithville. Movement was east at 10 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph and pea size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to vegetation is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Smithville, Carthage, Baxter, Center Hill Lake, Granville, and Edgar
Evins State Park.
This includes Interstate 40 between mile markers 264 and 280.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
&&
LAT...LON 3640 8571 3618 8561 3590 8568 3591 8590
3613 8586 3634 8597
TIME...MOT...LOC 2027Z 249DEG 7KT 3629 8587 3613 8578 3595 8585
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.25 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
CahillSpecial weather statement, Aug 7, 4:01 PM CDT, 1 hour 21 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Nashville TN
401 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
TNZ064-065-078-072145-
De Kalb TN-Warren TN-White TN-
401 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT SOUTHEASTERN DE KALB...
NORTHEASTERN WARREN AND SOUTHWESTERN WHITE COUNTIES THROUGH 445 PM
CDT...
At 401 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm near
Smithville, moving east at 15 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph and pea size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to vegetation is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Smithville and Rock Island State Park.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
&&
LAT...LON 3576 8562 3581 8590 3583 8590 3583 8588
3584 8588 3585 8590 3585 8589 3586 8589
3586 8590 3593 8589 3597 8561
TIME...MOT...LOC 2101Z 267DEG 12KT 3587 8582
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.25 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
CahillSpecial weather statement, Aug 7, 4:47 PM CDT, 35 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Nashville TN
447 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
TNZ063-077-078-080-072230-
Cannon TN-Coffee TN-Van Buren TN-Warren TN-
447 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL IMPACT VAN BUREN...WARREN...NORTHEASTERN
COFFEE AND SOUTHWESTERN CANNON COUNTIES THROUGH 530 PM CDT...
At 447 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking strong thunderstorms along
a line extending from 9 miles north of Manchester to near Spencer.
These storms were nearly stationary.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph and pea size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to vegetation is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
McMinnville, Manchester, Spencer, Morrison, Centertown, Viola, Fall
Creek Falls State Park, and Summitville.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
&&
LAT...LON 3570 8616 3581 8540 3566 8532 3562 8537
3550 8610
TIME...MOT...LOC 2147Z 289DEG 2KT 3561 8607 3569 8551
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.25 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
CahillSpecial weather statement, Aug 7, 4:51 PM CDT, 31 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Nashville TN
451 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
TNZ059-062-072230-
Rutherford TN-Williamson TN-
451 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL IMPACT CENTRAL RUTHERFORD AND
SOUTHEASTERN WILLIAMSON COUNTIES THROUGH 530 PM CDT...
At 451 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking strong thunderstorms along
a line extending from near Thompson's Station to near Murfreesboro.
Movement was west at 5 mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 40 mph and pea size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to vegetation is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Murfreesboro, Franklin, Smyrna, Nolensville, Walterhill, and Triune.
This includes the following highways...
Interstate 65 between mile markers 58 and 65.
Interstate 24 between mile markers 68 and 80.
Interstate 840 between mile markers 31 and 61.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
&&
LAT...LON 3574 8684 3584 8633 3601 8637 3590 8686
TIME...MOT...LOC 2151Z 073DEG 6KT 3583 8682 3590 8648
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.25 IN
MAX WIND GUST...40 MPH
CahillSpecial weather statement, Aug 7, 5:06 PM CDT, 16 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Nashville TN
506 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
TNZ027-059-072245-
Williamson TN-Davidson TN-
506 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT SOUTHEASTERN DAVIDSON AND
NORTHEASTERN WILLIAMSON COUNTIES THROUGH 545 PM CDT...
At 506 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm over
Nolensville, or 10 miles northeast of Franklin, moving east at 15
mph.
HAZARD...Wind gusts of 50 to 55 mph and pea size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to vegetation is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Brentwood, Nolensville, and Antioch.
This includes the following highways...
Interstate 65 between mile markers 73 and 74.
Interstate 24 between mile markers 58 and 62.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
&&
LAT...LON 3608 8662 3597 8662 3596 8663 3598 8679
3604 8679
TIME...MOT...LOC 2206Z 281DEG 13KT 3600 8668
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.25 IN
MAX WIND GUST...55 MPH
CahillSpecial weather statement, Aug 7, 5:19 PM CDT, 3 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Nashville TN
519 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
TNZ028-072300-
Wilson TN-
519 PM CDT Fri Aug 7 2026
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTHWESTERN WILSON COUNTY
THROUGH 600 PM CDT...
At 519 PM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm over
Mount Juliet, or 7 miles west of Lebanon. This thunderstorm was
nearly stationary.
HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph and pea size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
unsecured objects. Minor hail damage to vegetation is
possible.
Locations impacted include...
Lebanon, Mount Juliet, and Belinda City.
This includes the following highways...
Interstate 40 between mile markers 226 and 236.
Interstate 840 between mile markers 73 and 76.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.
&&
LAT...LON 3612 8633 3618 8654 3628 8652 3630 8651
3630 8629
TIME...MOT...LOC 2219Z 244DEG 4KT 3623 8647
MAX HAIL SIZE...0.25 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH
CahillThe office that day
Everything else NWS Nashville, TN issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 7, 11:54 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | OHX | Van Buren | 51 min |
| Aug 7, 12:30 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | OHX | Van Buren | 45 min |
| Aug 7, 1:29 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | OHX | Rutherford | 46 min |
| Aug 7, 2:30 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | OHX | Jackson | 45 min |
| Aug 7, 3:03 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | OHX | Overton | 42 min |
| Aug 7, 3:27 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | OHX | DeKalb | 48 min |
| Aug 7, 4:01 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | OHX | DeKalb | 44 min |
| Aug 7, 4:47 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | OHX | Van Buren, Warren | 43 min |
| Aug 7, 4:51 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | OHX | Rutherford | 39 min |
| Aug 7, 5:06 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | OHX | Davidson | 39 min |
| Aug 7, 5:08 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | OHX | Davidson, Rutherford, Williamson | 34 min |
| Aug 7, 5:19 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | OHX | Wilson | 41 min |
| Aug 7, 6:51 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | OHX | Rutherford, Williamson | 39 min |
| Aug 7, 6:55 PM CDT | Special Weather Statement | OHX | Lawrence | 50 min |
Nearby
Flash Flood Warnings in Tennessee, 2026Every flash flood warning in 2026
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.