Alert archive / Missouri / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2026
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 200, NWS St. Louis, MO
NWS St. Louis, MO issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 4, 2026, 2:15 PM CDT for 4 counties in Missouri. It was in force for 75 min. 20 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Jul 4, 2026, 2:15 PM CDT (19:15 UTC)
- Expired
- Jul 4, 2026, 3:30 PM CDT
- In force
- 75 min
- Issued by
- NWS St. Louis, MO
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Damage threat
- Considerable
- Hail
- 1.0 in
- Wind
- 70.0 mph
Counties Boone County, MO, Callaway County, MO, Cole County, MO, Osage County, MO
The radar
The St Louis radar (KLSX), 135 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 19:16 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 4, 2:20 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | Eugene, MO | Numerous trees damaged or uprooted. |
| Jul 4, 2:30 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | 2 S Jefferson City, MO | Tree reported down on Tanner Bridge Road. Time estimated from radar. |
| Jul 4, 2:31 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | Meta, MO | Large (4-8 inch) tree limbs down on roadway. |
| Jul 4, 2:34 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | Osage Bend, MO | Tin came off a roof of a shed, several large tree limbs and branches broken. |
| Jul 4, 2:35 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | Wardsville, MO | Emergency management stated that there is extensive tree damage across the county and noted Wardsville and Osage City as being especially hard hit. Time estimated by radar. |
| Jul 4, 2:40 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | 1 W Wardsville, MO | Downd tree along Route B south of Wardsville. 6-8 inches in diameter. Time estimated from radar/report. |
| Jul 4, 2:42 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | 3 Nw Jefferson City, MO | Delayed report. Photos show a tree and power pole snapped between Twin Hills Road and Sue Drive. Time estimated from radar. |
| Jul 4, 2:43 PM CDT | TSTM WND GST 61 | 2 Ne Jefferson City, MO | Peak wind gust of 61 mph at KJEF. |
| Jul 4, 2:46 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | Osage City, MO | Emergency management provided an update with additional reports of extensive tree damage around Osage City. Time estimated by radar. Winds were estimated around 70 mph when the thunderstorm moved through. |
| Jul 4, 2:46 PM CDT | TSTM WND GST 77 | 1 Ne Taos, MO | Delayed Report: Spotters anemometer measured 77 mph gust in Taos on 7/4. |
| Jul 4, 2:47 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | 2 Ssw Wainwright, MO | UPR weather station measured multiple 80 mph wind gusts between 2:47 and 2:50 pm, and sustained wind as high as 72 mph. Station is located within an area of extensive wind damage. |
| Jul 4, 2:47 PM CDT | TSTM WND GST 80 | 2 Ssw Wainwright, MO | Corrects previous tstm wnd dmg report from 2 SSW Wainwright. UPR weather station measured multiple 80 mph wind gusts between 2:47 and 2:50 pm, and sustained wind as high as 72 mph. Station is located within an area of extensive wind damage. |
| Jul 4, 2:48 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | Bonnots Mill, MO | Multiple trees reported down in Bonnots Mill, MO. Time estimated from radar. |
| Jul 4, 2:50 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | Linn, MO | Large tree down. Facebook report. Time estimated from radar. |
| Jul 4, 2:52 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | Bonnots Mill, MO | Numerous trees snapped in and around Bonnots Mill. Facebook report. Time estimated from radar. |
| Jul 4, 2:52 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | Loose Creek, MO | Numerous large trees down around the area. The spotter also noted multiple trees down on their drive through Osage and Cole Counties on their way to Loose Creek. Tome estimated by radar. |
| Jul 4, 2:55 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | Frankenstein, MO | Large tree downed on a pole barn. |
| Jul 4, 3:00 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | Hartsburg, MO | Large tree fell in the village of Hartsburg, damaged the roof of a home. |
| Jul 4, 3:06 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | 1 Nne Hartsburg, MO | 10-12 inch diameter tree blown over onto roadway. |
| Jul 4, 3:06 PM CDT | TSTM WND DMG | 2 E Wilton, MO | Large tree down on roadway. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 20 storm reports to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 5 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The watch it was issued in
The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 4, 12:17 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Watch | SPC | 6 hr |
The nearest sounding before it
Springfield, MO (KSGF), launched 12:00Z, 7.3 hours before the alert went out and 223 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 1944 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -25 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1008 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 8 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 8 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 1 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted.
151
WUUS53 KLSX 041915
SVRLSX
MOC019-027-051-151-042030-
/O.NEW.KLSX.SV.W.0200.260704T1915Z-260704T2030Z/
BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service St Louis MO
215 PM CDT Sat Jul 4 2026
The National Weather Service in St Louis has issued a
* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
South Central Boone County in central Missouri...
Southern Callaway County in central Missouri...
Cole County in central Missouri...
Osage County in central Missouri...
* Until 330 PM CDT.
* At 215 PM CDT, severe thunderstorms were located along a line from
5 miles south of Clarksburg to 29 miles south of High Point, or
along a line from 7 miles southwest of California to 39 miles south
of California, moving east at 35 mph.
HAZARD...70 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect considerable
tree damage. Wind damage is also likely to mobile homes,
roofs, and outbuildings.
* Locations impacted include...
Hickory Hill, Marion, St. Thomas, Brazito, Meta, St. Martins,
Jefferson City, Wardsville, Taos, Holts Summit, Lake Mykee, Lake
Mykee Town, Westphalia, Freeburg, New Bloomfield, Rich Fountain,
Linn, Mokane and Chamois.
Those attending Salute To America in Jefferson City are also in the
path of these storms and should prepare for IMMINENT DANGEROUS
WEATHER CONDITIONS. SEEK SHELTER NOW!
This includes the following State Parks...
Clarks Hill/Norton Historic Site and Jefferson Landing Historic Site.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Anyone outdoors should move to shelter inside a well-built structure
and stay away from windows. These storms are capable of producing
widespread damaging winds and large hail.
&&
LAT...LON 3875 9237 3874 9165 3829 9164 3829 9220
3834 9219 3832 9225 3834 9229 3834 9241
3843 9240 3843 9242
TIME...MOT...LOC 1914Z 271DEG 31KT 3859 9269 3833 9253 3807 9263
THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE THREAT...CONSIDERABLE
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...70 MPH
$$
LE4 follow-up statements
043
WWUS53 KLSX 041944
SVSLSX
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service St Louis MO
244 PM CDT Sat Jul 4 2026
MOC019-027-051-151-042030-
/O.CON.KLSX.SV.W.0200.000000T0000Z-260704T2030Z/
Boone MO-Callaway MO-Cole MO-Osage MO-
244 PM CDT Sat Jul 4 2026
...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 330 PM CDT FOR
SOUTH CENTRAL BOONE, SOUTHERN CALLAWAY, COLE AND OSAGE COUNTIES...
At 244 PM CDT, severe thunderstorms were located along a line from
near Jefferson City to 22 miles south of St. Thomas, or along a line
from near Jefferson City to 35 miles southwest of Linn, moving east
at 35 mph.
HAZARD...70 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect considerable
tree damage. Wind damage is also likely to mobile homes,
roofs, and outbuildings.
Locations impacted include...
Brazito, Jefferson City, St. Thomas, Meta, Wardsville, Holts
Summit, Taos, Lake Mykee Town, Lake Mykee, New Bloomfield, Argyle,
Westphalia, Freeburg, Loose Creek, Bonnots Mill, Rich Fountain,
Linn, Mokane and Chamois.
Those attending Salute To America in Jefferson City are also in the
path of these storms and should prepare for IMMINENT DANGEROUS
WEATHER CONDITIONS. SEEK SHELTER NOW!
This includes the following State Parks...
Clarks Hill/Norton Historic Site and Jefferson Landing Historic Site.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Anyone outdoors should move to shelter inside a well-built structure
and stay away from windows. These storms are capable of producing
widespread damaging winds and large hail.
&&
LAT...LON 3875 9227 3874 9165 3829 9164 3829 9220
3834 9219 3832 9225 3834 9229 3834 9232
3849 9237 3860 9231
TIME...MOT...LOC 1915Z 271DEG 31KT 3859 9245 3834 9241 3806 9250
THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE THREAT...CONSIDERABLE
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN
WIND THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX WIND GUST...70 MPH
$$
LE245
WWUS53 KLSX 042000
SVSLSX
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service St Louis MO
300 PM CDT Sat Jul 4 2026
MOC019-042010-
/O.CAN.KLSX.SV.W.0200.000000T0000Z-260704T2030Z/
Boone MO-
300 PM CDT Sat Jul 4 2026
...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING IS CANCELLED FOR SOUTH CENTRAL BOONE
COUNTY...
The storms which prompted the warning have moved out of the area.
Therefore, the warning has been cancelled. However, heavy rain is
still possible with these thunderstorms.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 700 PM CDT for a
portion of central Missouri.
&&
LAT...LON 3864 9221 3874 9218 3875 9218 3874 9165
3845 9164 3829 9164 3829 9220 3831 9220
3834 9219 3838 9223 3848 9222 3859 9223
TIME...MOT...LOC 1944Z 272DEG 31KT 3858 9212 3833 9208 3805 9218
$$
MOC027-051-151-042030-
/O.CON.KLSX.SV.W.0200.000000T0000Z-260704T2030Z/
Callaway MO-Cole MO-Osage MO-
300 PM CDT Sat Jul 4 2026
...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 330 PM CDT FOR
SOUTHERN CALLAWAY, SOUTHEASTERN COLE AND OSAGE COUNTIES...
At 300 PM CDT, severe thunderstorms were located along a line from 9
miles northwest of Linn to 19 miles south of Freeburg, or along a
line from 9 miles northwest of Linn to 31 miles south of Linn, moving
east at 35 mph.
HAZARD...70 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.
SOURCE...Trained spotters reported.
IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect considerable
tree damage. Wind damage is also likely to mobile homes,
roofs, and outbuildings.
Locations impacted include...
Jefferson City, St. Thomas, Meta, Wardsville, Holts Summit, Taos,
Lake Mykee Town, Lake Mykee, New Bloomfield, Argyle, Westphalia,
Freeburg, Loose Creek, Bonnots Mill, Rich Fountain, Frankenstein,
Linn, Mokane and Chamois.
This includes the following State Parks...
Clarks Hill/Norton Historic Site and Jefferson Landing Historic Site.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Anyone outdoors should move to shelter inside a well-built structure
and stay away from windows. These storms have produced widespread
damaging winds and are capable of producing large hail.
&&
LAT...LON 3864 9221 3874 9218 3875 9218 3874 9165
3845 9164 3829 9164 3829 9220 3831 9220
3834 9219 3838 9223 3848 9222 3859 9223
TIME...MOT...LOC 1944Z 272DEG 31KT 3858 9212 3833 9208 3805 9218
THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE THREAT...CONSIDERABLE
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN
WIND THREAT...OBSERVED
MAX WIND GUST...70 MPH
$$
LE350
WWUS53 KLSX 042014
SVSLSX
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service St Louis MO
314 PM CDT Sat Jul 4 2026
MOC027-051-151-042030-
/O.CON.KLSX.SV.W.0200.000000T0000Z-260704T2030Z/
Callaway MO-Cole MO-Osage MO-
314 PM CDT Sat Jul 4 2026
...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 330 PM CDT FOR
SOUTHEASTERN CALLAWAY, EAST CENTRAL COLE AND OSAGE COUNTIES...
At 314 PM CDT, severe thunderstorms were located along a line from 6
miles north of Linn to 19 miles south of Freeburg, or along a line
from 6 miles north of Linn to 26 miles west of Cuba, moving east at
35 mph.
HAZARD...70 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.
SOURCE...Trained spotters reported.
IMPACT...Hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect considerable
tree damage. Wind damage is also likely to mobile homes,
roofs, and outbuildings.
Locations impacted include...
Schubert, Osage City, Westphalia, Freeburg, Loose Creek, Tebbetts,
Bonnots Mill, Rich Fountain, Frankenstein, Linn, Mokane, Steedman,
Chamois and Portland.
This includes the following State Parks...
Clarks Hill/Norton Historic Site.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Anyone outdoors should move to shelter inside a well-built structure
and stay away from windows. These storms have produced widespread
damaging winds and are capable of producing large hail.
&&
LAT...LON 3856 9206 3864 9206 3875 9200 3874 9165
3852 9164 3829 9164 3829 9201 3845 9205
TIME...MOT...LOC 2000Z 272DEG 31KT 3858 9197 3833 9194 3805 9203
THUNDERSTORM DAMAGE THREAT...CONSIDERABLE
HAIL THREAT...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN
WIND THREAT...OBSERVED
MAX WIND GUST...70 MPH
$$
LE209
WWUS53 KLSX 042023
SVSLSX
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service St Louis MO
323 PM CDT Sat Jul 4 2026
MOC027-051-151-042033-
/O.EXP.KLSX.SV.W.0200.000000T0000Z-260704T2030Z/
Callaway MO-Cole MO-Osage MO-
323 PM CDT Sat Jul 4 2026
...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 330 PM CDT FOR
SOUTHEASTERN CALLAWAY, EAST CENTRAL COLE AND OSAGE COUNTIES...
The storms which prompted the warning have moved out of the area.
Therefore, the warning will be allowed to expire. However, heavy rain
is still possible with these thunderstorms.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch remains in effect until 700 PM CDT for a
portion of central Missouri.
&&
LAT...LON 3856 9206 3864 9206 3875 9200 3874 9165
3852 9164 3829 9164 3829 9201 3845 9205
TIME...MOT...LOC 2014Z 272DEG 31KT 3857 9182 3832 9178 3805 9187
$$
LEWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS St. Louis, MO wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 4, 1:07 PM CDT, 1 hour 8 minutes earlier. Its key messages:
- Dangerously hot and humid conditions with heat index values from around 100-105 continue today. Heat Advisories and an Extreme Heat Warning remain in effect until 800 PM.
- There is a chance for thunderstorms today and tonight. Some storms may be strong to severe and capable of producing 50-60 mph winds as well as hail up to 1 inch in diameter and locally heavy downpours.
- The chance for showers and thunderstorms continues into early next week, with temperatures closer to normal in the mid 80s to around 90.
Area forecast discussion, Jul 4, 1:07 PM CDT, 1 hour 8 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion...Updated Aviation
National Weather Service Saint Louis MO
107 PM CDT Sat Jul 4 2026
.KEY MESSAGES...
- Dangerously hot and humid conditions with heat index values
from around 100-105 continue today. Heat Advisories and an
Extreme Heat Warning remain in effect until 800 PM.
- There is a chance for thunderstorms today and tonight. Some
storms may be strong to severe and capable of producing 50-60
mph winds as well as hail up to 1 inch in diameter and locally
heavy downpours.
- The chance for showers and thunderstorms continues into early
next week, with temperatures closer to normal in the mid 80s to
around 90.
&&
.SHORT TERM... (Through Late Tonight)
Issued at 343 AM CDT Sat Jul 4 2026
Convective trends are very difficult to forecast today. Clusters
of thunderstorms over northwest Missouri and central Illinois are
pushing outflow boundaries east and south respectively. More
convection may continue to pop up over central Missouri as well,
which will reinforce the boundary if it gets strong enough. Either
boundary is a potential focus for thunderstorm development today,
and the boundaries could collide which would also be a great
forcing mechanism for convective development.
Clouds from morning convection that linger into the afternoon and/or
continuing scattered afternoon convection would almost certainly
suppress temperatures and end the excessive heat today. However,
timing and coverage is uncertain given the complex interactions
which will take place today. If coverage remains limited this
morning, temperatures could easily recover to reach heat index
values between 95-105. While this isn't as hot as earlier in the
week, the duration of this heat wave continues to support the
current headlines, particularly since there will be a lot of people
outside for Independence Day celebrations. GFS and RAP show 2000-
4000 J/Kg CAPE developing this afternoon with as much as 25kts of
deep layer shear. This would support multi-cell clusters with the
potential to produce damaging winds. Think the chance for
thunderstorms will generally decrease in the evening with loss of
daytime heating, but there will still be a lingering thunderstorm
threat to Independence Day celebrations beyond sunset.
Carney
&&
.LONG TERM... (Sunday through Friday)
Issued at 343 AM CDT Sat Jul 4 2026
There's little change to the remainder of the forecast for Sunday
through next Friday. A short wave digs into the Mississippi Valley
Sunday which pushes a weak cold front through the area. Global
guidance members diverge somewhat Monday in how they handle the
wave. The GFS digs the base of the trough deep into the Lower
Mississippi Valley where it fractures late Tuesday leaving a cut off
low over eastern Texas/western Louisiana. The ECMWF begins this
process much earlier on Monday night which puts the cut off low
farther north over Oklahoma and Arkansas. The more northern
solution seems to be favored by the NBM and the LREF mean which are
keeping precipitation chances going at least through Tuesday as the
closed low moves slowly northeast and is finally reintegrated into
the mean flow. While there's a relatively dry period on Wednesday,
precipitation chances return Thursday and Friday as another short
wave moves across the Mid Mississippi Valley. Temperatures through
the period should be closer to seasonal normal as upper level long
wave ridging will remain well west of the area.
Carney
&&
.AVIATION... (For the 18z TAFs through 18z Sunday Afternoon)
Issued at 1255 PM CDT Sat Jul 4 2026
There is a threat for multiple rounds of thunderstorms at all of
the local terminals through the TAF period. Isolated to scattered
showers and storms are in the broader vicinity of all local
terminals except for KUIN, with these posing a threat for early in
the period. Our attention then turns to a cluster of storms moving
eastward out of western Missouri and a cold front sinking
southward into the region late this afternoon and evening.
Both will serve as a focus for a greater threat of thunderstorms
capable of erratic, gusty winds and heavy rainfall. Confidence is
low on the timing of these stronger storms, so chances have been
left to PROB30 groups for now. Once confidence increases, TEMPO or
prevailing groups will be needed for some of the terminals. A lull
in rain chances is expected tonight, with a low chance for showers
and thunderstorms again late in the period tomorrow.
Elmore
&&
.LSX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MO...Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening for Audrain MO-
Crawford MO-Iron MO-Knox MO-Lewis MO-Lincoln MO-Madison MO-
Marion MO-Monroe MO-Pike MO-Ralls MO-Reynolds MO-Saint
Francois MO-Shelby MO-Washington MO.
Extreme Heat Warning until 8 PM CDT this evening for Boone MO-
Callaway MO-Cole MO-Franklin MO-Gasconade MO-Jefferson MO-
Moniteau MO-Montgomery MO-Osage MO-Saint Charles MO-Saint
Louis City MO-Saint Louis MO-Sainte Genevieve MO-Warren MO.
IL...Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT this evening for Adams IL-Bond IL-
Brown IL-Calhoun IL-Fayette IL-Greene IL-Jersey IL-Macoupin
IL-Marion IL-Montgomery IL-Pike IL.
Extreme Heat Warning until 8 PM CDT this evening for Clinton IL-
Madison IL-Monroe IL-Randolph IL-Saint Clair IL-Washington
IL.
&&
WFO LSXThe office that day
Everything else NWS St. Louis, MO issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 4, 1:39 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LSX | Cole, Moniteau | 66 min |
| Jul 4, 2:26 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | LSX | Saint Louis, City of Saint Louis | 5 hr |
| Jul 4, 2:53 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LSX | Crawford, Franklin, Gasconade, Warren, Washington | 67 min |
| Jul 4, 3:17 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LSX | Crawford, Washington | 35 min |
| Jul 4, 3:30 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LSX | Saint Louis, City of Saint Louis | 45 min |
| Jul 4, 3:47 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LSX | Franklin, Jefferson | 43 min |
| Jul 4, 4:15 PM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | LSX | Saint Charles, Saint Louis | 32 min |
| Jul 4, 4:26 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | LSX | Saint Louis, City of Saint Louis | 5 hr |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Missouri, 2026Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2026
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.