Alert archive / Illinois / Flash Flood Warnings in 2026
Flash Flood Warning 8, NWS Lincoln, IL
NWS Lincoln, IL issued this flash flood warning at May 18, 2026, 1:44 PM CDT for Clay County, Effingham County, Jasper County, Illinois. It was in force for 4 hr. 9 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- May 18, 2026, 1:44 PM CDT (18:44 UTC)
- Expired
- May 18, 2026, 6:00 PM CDT
- In force
- 4 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Lincoln, IL
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Flood severity
- None
Counties Clay County, IL, Effingham County, IL, Jasper County, IL
The radar
The Evansville,IN radar (KVWX), 105 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 18:44 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| May 18, 2:00 PM CDT | RAIN 2.37 | Watson, IL | Still raining. |
| May 18, 2:34 PM CDT | RAIN 3.1 | 4 S Dieterich, IL | Rainfall measured along 2200th Street. |
| May 18, 2:37 PM CDT | RAIN 2.4 | Watson, IL | Mesonet station FW0190 Watson. |
| May 18, 2:51 PM CDT | FLOOD | Bible Grove, IL | Water flowing over bridge in Bible Grove. |
| May 18, 2:51 PM CDT | RAIN 5 | Bible Grove, IL | |
| May 18, 3:34 PM CDT | FLOOD | Louisville, IL | Flooding of a building just west of downtown Louisvillle. Side streets have water over them. |
| May 18, 3:38 PM CDT | RAIN 2.72 | Watson, IL | Mesonet station FW0190 Watson. |
| May 18, 5:09 PM CDT | RAIN 2.9 | Watson, IL | Mesonet station FW0190 Watson. |
| May 18, 6:10 PM CDT | RAIN 5.5 | 3 Nnw Bible Grove, IL |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this flash flood warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Lincoln, IL (KILX), launched 12:00Z, 6.7 hours before the alert went out and 139 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 850 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -80 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 966 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 25 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 301 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 331 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.8
- Supercell composite
- 8.8
The text
As transmitted.
956
WGUS53 KILX 181844
FFWILX
ILC025-049-079-182300-
/O.NEW.KILX.FF.W.0008.260518T1844Z-260518T2300Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Flash Flood Warning
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
144 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026
The National Weather Service in Lincoln has issued a
* Flash Flood Warning for...
Northern Clay County in south central Illinois...
Southern Effingham County in south central Illinois...
Western Jasper County in southeastern Illinois...
* Until 600 PM CDT.
* At 144 PM CDT, emergency management reported thunderstorms
producing heavy rain across the warned area. Between 2 and 3
inches of rain have fallen. Flash flooding is ongoing or expected
to begin shortly.
HAZARD...Flash flooding caused by thunderstorms.
SOURCE...Emergency management reported.
IMPACT...Flash flooding of small creeks and streams, urban
areas, highways, streets and underpasses as well as
other poor drainage and low-lying areas.
* Some locations that will experience flash flooding include...
Louisville, Watson, Dieterich, Edgewood, Mason, Bible Grove,
Wheeler, Sailor Springs, Iola, Rose Hill, Hord and Ingraham.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.
&&
LAT...LON 3891 8881 3899 8881 3911 8814 3876 8836
3871 8870 3891 8869
FLASH FLOOD...OBSERVED
$$
Barnes2 follow-up statements
536
WGUS73 KILX 182044
FFSILX
Flash Flood Statement
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
344 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026
ILC025-049-079-182300-
/O.CON.KILX.FF.W.0008.000000T0000Z-260518T2300Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Clay IL-Effingham IL-Jasper IL-
344 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026
...FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 6 PM CDT THIS EVENING
FOR NORTHERN CLAY, SOUTHERN EFFINGHAM AND WESTERN JASPER COUNTIES...
At 341 PM CDT, emergency management reported thunderstorms producing
heavy rain across the warned area. Between 3 and 5 inches of rain
have fallen. An observed report of 5 inches was received from Bible
Grove. Additional rainfall amounts of 1 to 2 inches are possible in
the warned area. Flash flooding is ongoing.
HAZARD...Flash flooding caused by thunderstorms.
SOURCE...Emergency management reported.
IMPACT...Flash flooding of small creeks and streams, urban areas,
highways, streets and underpasses as well as other poor
drainage and low-lying areas.
Some locations that will experience flash flooding include...
Louisville, Watson, Dieterich, Edgewood, Mason, Bible Grove,
Wheeler, Sailor Springs, Iola, Rose Hill, Hord and Ingraham.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.
Be aware of your surroundings and do not drive on flooded roads.
&&
LAT...LON 3891 8881 3899 8881 3911 8814 3876 8836
3871 8870 3891 8869
FLASH FLOOD...OBSERVED
$$
AAT912
WGUS73 KILX 182252
FFSILX
Flash Flood Statement
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
552 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026
ILC025-049-079-182302-
/O.EXP.KILX.FF.W.0008.000000T0000Z-260518T2300Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Clay IL-Effingham IL-Jasper IL-
552 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026
...FLASH FLOOD WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 6 PM CDT THIS EVENING FOR
NORTHERN CLAY, SOUTHERN EFFINGHAM AND WESTERN JASPER COUNTIES...
Portions of the Flash Flood Warning have been converted to an Areal
Flood Warning through 6 am Tuesday.
A Flood Watch remains in effect until 1000 PM CDT for portions of
central, east central, and southeast Illinois.
&&
LAT...LON 3891 8881 3899 8881 3911 8814 3876 8836
3871 8870 3891 8869
$$
DeubelbeissWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Lincoln, IL wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at May 18, 12:37 PM CDT, 1 hour 7 minutes earlier. Its key messages:
- There is a Slight Risk (level 2 of 5) for severe weather areawide today. While all severe weather hazards will be possible, damaging wind gusts in excess of 60 mph will be the most likely.
- Additional thunderstorms will develop along an advancing cold front on Tuesday, with a Slight Risk (level 2 of 5) for severe weather in areas east of Interstate 55. Once again, damaging wind gusts in excess of 60 mph will be the most likely hazard.
Area forecast discussion, May 18, 12:37 PM CDT, 1 hour 7 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
1237 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026
.KEY MESSAGES...
- There is a Slight Risk (level 2 of 5) for severe weather
areawide today. While all severe weather hazards will be
possible, damaging wind gusts in excess of 60 mph will be the
most likely.
- Additional thunderstorms will develop along an advancing cold
front on Tuesday, with a Slight Risk (level 2 of 5) for severe
weather in areas east of Interstate 55. Once again, damaging
wind gusts in excess of 60 mph will be the most likely hazard.
&&
.DISCUSSION...
Issued at 543 AM CDT Mon May 18 2026
Active Convective Complex This Morning...
Radar analysis early this morning reveals a robust linear
Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) stretching from north-central
Wisconsin down through southeast Iowa, central Missouri, and
into eastern Kansas. Strong, consolidating cold pools have
allowed a leading outflow boundary to outrun the primary
convective line. Convective-allowing models (CAMs) exhibit high
confidence that this system will maintain its structural
integrity as it pushes eastward into the central Illinois
forecast area later this morning.
Sustaining this morning activity is a potent 40-50 kt low-level
jet (LLJ) parked directly over central Illinois. This feature,
working in tandem with subtle mid-level shortwaves embedded
within the southwest flow aloft, is providing ample synoptic
lift and elevated instability (MUCAPE around 1500 J/kg). While weak
deep- layer shear (> 30 kts) should keep the morning activity
largely disorganized and sub-severe, mid-level dry air and localized
evaporative cooling could help overcome the waning morning
inversion, supporting isolated severe hail or localized downburst
winds.
As an interesting aside, numerous runs of the HRRR overnight
depicted an area of 40-50 kt surface winds within the trailing
stratiform region, in an otherwise unassuming area. While it is
uncertain if the model is resolving a wake-low or meso-high
feature, the trend bears close observation. If these winds
materialize, a short- fused wind advisory or high wind warning
may become necessary for a brief window this afternoon.
Severe Potential This Afternoon...
By early afternoon, attention shifts to areas near and east of
a Taylorville-to- Champaign line. A compact shortwave trough is
progged to lift northeastward out of southeast Missouri around
18z, enhancing background kinematic shear and dynamic forcing
across a highly buoyant boundary layer. In this zone,
temperatures climbing toward the 80-degree mark and dewpoints
hovering near 70 degrees will yield SBCAPE values exceeding 2000
J/kg.
While the incoming shortwave will likely spark an increase in
convective coverage ahead of the main morning line, individual
storm intensity remains somewhat conditional. An important
limiting factor is that mid-level lapse rates will likely
deteriorate through the afternoon as the residual Elevated Mixed
Layer (EML) exits to the east. However, as deep- layer shear
ticks upward across southeast Illinois later today, localized
enhancements within the main convective line remain a
possibility. This could yield bowing segments capable of
producing the full spectrum of severe weather hazards as the
line advances into the southeastern counties.
The severe threat will not completely diminish after dark.
Additional shortwaves interacting with the persistent 40-50 kt
LLJ core will likely sustain elevated convective development
ahead of the approaching cold front well into Tuesday morning.
Conditional Severe Threat on Tuesday...
Significant forecasting uncertainty shrouds the Tuesday period,
primarily driven by nebulous synoptic forcing and the
likelihood of extensive morning convective debris. If widespread
cloud cover and rain persist deep into the morning hours,
afternoon destabilization will be severely limited, rendering
the severe weather threat highly conditional.
At this juncture, the highest probability for boundary layer
recovery exists near and south of the Interstate 72 corridor,
extending through southeast Illinois ahead of the advancing cold
front. Should adequate destabilization manifest, favorable
instability and deep-layer shear profiles would initially
support discrete supercellular structures. However, because the
regional shear vectors are oriented nearly parallel to the
surface frontal boundary, any discrete activity is expected to
transition rapidly into a linear MCS as the front sweeps through
Tuesday evening.
Hydrological Concerns and High QPF Variability...
Confidence remains exceptionally high that multiple rounds of
convective rainfall will impact the entire region through Tuesday
evening. However, the complex, repeated nature of this pattern
introduces severe spatial discrepancies in expected precipitation
totals. 48-hour HREF Localized Probability Match Mean (LPMM) QPF
projections valid through 00z Wednesday demonstrate a stark
variance, showing localized pockets picking up a mere quarter-inch
while repeating Storm cores could exceed 4.5 inches. Current
model guidance continues to pinpoint the highest risk for these
excessive, flood-producing rainfall totals along and south of
the I-72 corridor, where repeated convective elements are most
likely to anchor.
Midweek Clearing Followed by a Wet Weekend Outlook...
Wednesday through Thursday: A welcome pattern shift occurs
mid- week as a cooler, significantly more stable post-frontal
regime takes hold. Continental high pressure building into the
Midwest will clear skies and lower humidity levels, offering a
brief reprieve from the active weather.
Friday through Sunday: The dry spell will be short-lived.
Global deterministic models are in notably better agreement,
signaling a return to a wetter, unsettled pattern by late week.
As the surface high pressure slants eastward, a potent mid-level
shortwave will advance across the central U.S. A steady plume
of Gulf moisture combined with a series of minor shortwave
impulses lifting northeast from the Southern Plains will keep
central Illinois susceptible to multiple rounds of scattered
showers. While weak kinematic profiles should heavily restrict
the overall severe weather risk, a gradual build-up of
instability over the weekend will support widespread
thunderstorm development.
&&
.AVIATION /18Z TAFS THROUGH 18Z TUESDAY/...
Issued at 1237 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026
Precipitation will continue to slowly spread east along a remnant
outflow boundary through the remainder of this afternoon. Although
most of the thunderstorm activity should remain south of the
airfields, can't completely rule out a low chance for lightning at
KSPI and KDEC through about 00Z. After a lull this evening, another
wave of storms will approach from the west late tonight into the
early morning hours of Tuesday. PROB30 groups remain in place
for this potential at all locations. South-southwest winds will
be breezy through Tuesday, with gusts between 20-25 kts.
&&
.ILX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
Flood Watch until 10 PM CDT this evening for ILZ054>057-
061>063-066>068-071>073.
&&
KEY MESSAGES...NMA/MJA
DISCUSSION...MJA
AVIATION...NMAHazardous weather outlook, May 18, 5:00 AM CDT, 8 hours 44 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Lincoln IL 500 AM CDT Mon May 18 2026 ILZ027>031-036>038-040>043-047>051-191100- Knox-Stark-Peoria-Marshall-Woodford-Fulton-Tazewell-McLean-Schuyler- Mason-Logan-De Witt-Cass-Menard-Scott-Morgan-Sangamon- 500 AM CDT Mon May 18 2026 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central Illinois and west central Illinois. .DAY ONE...Today and tonight. A broken line of thunderstorms will advance eastward to the I-55 corridor this morning with a risk for scattered damaging wind gusts and isolated large hail. A second line of thunderstorms associated with an approaching cold front will arrive late tonight. There is a continued risk for damaging wind gusts and hail. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Tuesday through Sunday. Thunderstorms will continue into early afternoon Tuesday. There is a Slight Risk (level 2 of 5) for damaging wind gusts and hail. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotter activation may be needed through noon today. Expected storm motion is toward the northeast around 35 mph. ILZ044>046-052>057-061>063-066>068-071>073-191100- Piatt-Champaign-Vermilion-Christian-Macon-Moultrie-Douglas-Coles- Edgar-Shelby-Cumberland-Clark-Effingham-Jasper-Crawford-Clay- Richland-Lawrence- 500 AM CDT Mon May 18 2026 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central Illinois, east central Illinois and southeast Illinois. .DAY ONE...Today and tonight. A broken line of thunderstorms will advance into east-central and southeast IL late this morning through afternoon with a risk for scattered damaging wind gusts, isolated large hail, and a tornado or two. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Tuesday through Sunday. Another round of strong to severe thunderstorms is anticipated Tuesday morning through evening as a cold front pushes through the region. There is a Slight Risk (level 2 of 5) for damaging wind gusts and hail. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotter activation may be needed late morning through afternoon today. Expected storm motion is toward the northeast around 35 mph. 37
In the hours before
Local storm report, May 18, 12:18 PM CDT, 1 hour 26 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
1218 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1205 PM Rain Watson 39.02N 88.57W
05/18/2026 M1.89 Inch Effingham IL Mesonet
Mesonet station FW0190 Watson.
1155 AM Rain Effingham County Airpor 39.07N 88.53W
05/18/2026 M1.15 Inch Effingham IL AWOS
AWOS station K1H2 Effingham Arpt.
1200 PM Rain Teutopolis 39.13N 88.48W
05/18/2026 M1.09 Inch Effingham IL Mesonet
Mesonet station FW1289 Teutopolis.
1208 PM Rain Lewistown 40.40N 90.16W
05/18/2026 M0.99 Inch Fulton IL Mesonet
Mesonet station GW1851 Lewistown.
1200 PM Rain 1 ESE Rushville 40.12N 90.55W
05/18/2026 M0.97 Inch Schuyler IL Mesonet
Mesonet station FW5420 Rushville.
&&Local storm report, May 18, 12:37 PM CDT, 1 hour 7 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
1237 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1215 PM Rain Watson 39.02N 88.57W
05/18/2026 M1.97 Inch Effingham IL Mesonet
Mesonet station FW0190 Watson.
1215 PM Rain Teutopolis 39.13N 88.48W
05/18/2026 M1.26 Inch Effingham IL Mesonet
Mesonet station FW1289 Teutopolis.
1215 PM Rain 2 NNE Effingham 39.15N 88.53W
05/18/2026 M1.14 Inch Effingham IL Mesonet
Mesonet station DW5254 Baraboo.
1215 PM Rain Edgar County Airport 39.70N 87.67W
05/18/2026 M1.09 Inch Edgar IL AWOS
AWOS station KPRG Edgar Co. Arpt.
&&Local storm report, May 18, 12:56 PM CDT, 48 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
1256 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1245 PM Rain Watson 39.02N 88.57W
05/18/2026 M2.10 Inch Effingham IL Mesonet
Mesonet station FW0190 Watson.
1235 PM Rain Effingham County Airpor 39.07N 88.53W
05/18/2026 M1.48 Inch Effingham IL AWOS
AWOS station K1H2 Effingham Arpt.
1245 PM Rain 2 NNE Effingham 39.15N 88.53W
05/18/2026 M1.48 Inch Effingham IL Mesonet
Mesonet station DW5254 Baraboo.
1245 PM Rain Teutopolis 39.13N 88.48W
05/18/2026 M1.39 Inch Effingham IL Mesonet
Mesonet station FW1289 Teutopolis.
1235 PM Rain Edgar County Airport 39.70N 87.67W
05/18/2026 M1.27 Inch Edgar IL AWOS
AWOS station KPRG Edgar Co. Arpt.
1245 PM Rain 1 SW Newton 38.98N 88.17W
05/18/2026 M1.12 Inch Jasper IL Mesonet
Mesonet station EW2373 Newton.
&&Local storm report, May 18, 1:11 PM CDT, 33 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
111 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1255 PM Rain Effingham County Airpor 39.07N 88.53W
05/18/2026 M2.30 Inch Effingham IL AWOS
AWOS station K1H2 Effingham Arpt.
0100 PM Rain 2 NNE Effingham 39.15N 88.53W
05/18/2026 M1.58 Inch Effingham IL Mesonet
Mesonet station DW5254 Baraboo.
&&Local storm report, May 18, 1:41 PM CDT, 3 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
141 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0123 PM Flood Montrose 39.17N 88.38W
05/18/2026 Effingham IL Broadcast Media
Water flowing over country roads in southern
Effingham county. Some debris washed onto a
few roads from nearby farm fields.
&&Local storm report, May 18, 1:44 PM CDT, 0 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
144 PM CDT Mon May 18 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0123 PM Flood Altamont 39.06N 88.75W
05/18/2026 Effingham IL Broadcast Media
Lots of fields with standing water and some
water flowing over low lying country roads
over central and southern Effingham county.
&&The office that day
Everything else NWS Lincoln, IL issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 18, 8:18 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ILX | Fulton, Logan, Mason, Peoria, Tazewell | 39 min |
| May 18, 9:24 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ILX | McLean, Marshall, Woodford | 22 min |
| May 18, 9:36 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ILX | DeWitt, Macon, Piatt | 39 min |
| May 18, 9:44 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ILX | Coles, Douglas, Edgar | 46 min |
| May 18, 9:49 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ILX | Christian, Macon, Shelby | 41 min |
| May 18, 10:20 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ILX | Champaign, Douglas, Macon, Moultrie, Piatt | 40 min |
| May 18, 10:28 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ILX | Clay, Effingham, Jasper | 47 min |
| May 18, 11:24 AM CDT | Flood Watch | ILX | Clark, Clay, Coles, Crawford, Cumberland, Douglas and 7 more | 11 hr |
| May 18, 11:54 AM CDT | Areal Flood Advisory | ILX | Clay, Effingham, Jasper | 6 hr |
| May 18, 12:12 PM CDT | River Flood Warning | ILX | Clay, Richland | 7 days |
| May 18, 2:52 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | ILX | Clay | 3 hr |
| May 18, 3:23 PM CDT | Areal Flood Advisory | ILX | Clay, Crawford, Jasper, Lawrence, Richland | 3 hr |
| May 18, 5:50 PM CDT | Areal Flood Warning | ILX | Clay, Effingham, Jasper | 15 hr |
| May 18, 5:58 PM CDT | River Flood Warning | ILX | Lawrence | 4 days |
Nearby
Flash Flood Warnings in Illinois, 2026Every flash flood warning in 2026
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.