Alert archive / Illinois / Flash Flood Warnings in 2026
Flash Flood Warning 68, NWS Lincoln, IL
NWS Lincoln, IL issued this flash flood warning at Aug 15, 2026, 3:23 AM CDT for Champaign County, Illinois. It was in force for 5 hr. 43 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Aug 15, 2026, 3:23 AM CDT (08:23 UTC)
- Expired
- Aug 15, 2026, 8:00 AM CDT
- In force
- 5 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Lincoln, IL
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Flood severity
- None
County Champaign County, IL
The radar
The Lincoln radar (KILX), 93 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 08:25 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 15, 4:09 AM CDT | RAIN 2.12 | 1 Nne Rantoul, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-149 Rantoul 1.1 NE. |
| Aug 15, 5:19 AM CDT | FLASH FLOOD | Fisher, IL | Street flooding with standing water on Sangamon St and 1st Street in Fisher. |
| Aug 15, 5:22 AM CDT | RAIN 6.5 | Fisher, IL | Total rainfall since approximately 10pm with rain continuing at time of report. |
| Aug 15, 5:36 AM CDT | FLASH FLOOD | Rantoul, IL | Route 136 viaduct in Rantoul is full of water and the road is closed. |
| Aug 15, 5:45 AM CDT | FLASH FLOOD | Rantoul, IL | Many neighborhood roads are flooded over curbs across Rantoul. |
| Aug 15, 6:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.16 | 1 Nne Champaign, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-111 Champaign 0.6 NNE. |
| Aug 15, 6:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.37 | 1 Ene Saint Joseph, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-137 St. Joseph 1.1 ENE. |
| Aug 15, 6:09 AM CDT | FLASH FLOOD | 2 Nne Urbana, IL | 4 of standing water in their yard reported by viewer relayed by broadcast media. |
| Aug 15, 6:45 AM CDT | RAIN 2.73 | 1 Ssw Lake Of The Woods, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-139 Mahomet 1.6 E. |
| Aug 15, 7:00 AM CDT | FLASH FLOOD | 1 S Thomasboro, IL | Report of a home in South Thomasboro beginning to take on water on the first floor from viewer relayed by broadcast media. |
| Aug 15, 7:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.1 | 2 N Homer, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-1 Homer 2.0 N. |
| Aug 15, 7:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.1 | 2 Nnw Homer, IL | 24-hour rainfall at 7:00 a.m. near Homer 2.0 N with moderate to heavy rain at ob time. |
| Aug 15, 7:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.14 | 2 Se Urbana, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-135 Urbana 2.2 SE. |
| Aug 15, 7:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.14 | 2 Sse Urbana, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-132 Urbana 2.4 SSE. |
| Aug 15, 7:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.17 | 1 Nw Savoy, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-62 Champaign 2.5 S. |
| Aug 15, 7:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.19 | 2 Ese Urbana, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-145 Urbana 1.6 ESE. |
| Aug 15, 7:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.23 | 1 Sse Urbana, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-58 Urbana. |
| Aug 15, 7:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.42 | 1 Sse Urbana, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-169 Urbana. |
| Aug 15, 7:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.6 | 2 Ene Urbana, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-150 Urbana 1.9 ENE. |
| Aug 15, 7:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.89 | 1 W Urbana, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-151 Urbana 0.5 W. |
| Aug 15, 7:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.99 | 3 Wnw Champaign, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-147 Champaign 2.6 WNW. |
| Aug 15, 7:00 AM CDT | RAIN 2.28 | Sadorus, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-118 Champaign County. |
| Aug 15, 7:00 AM CDT | RAIN 2.58 | 1 Nw Mahomet, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-138 Mahomet 1.0 NW. |
| Aug 15, 7:00 AM CDT | RAIN 5.37 | Fisher, IL | CO-OP Observer station FSHI2 Fisher. |
| Aug 15, 7:09 AM CDT | RAIN 1.43 | Urbana, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-154 Urbana 0.3 SE. |
| Aug 15, 7:10 AM CDT | RAIN 3.62 | 3 Ne Fisher, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-153 Dewey 2.70 NW. |
| Aug 15, 7:15 AM CDT | RAIN 1.29 | Homer, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-181 Homer 0.5 NNE. |
| Aug 15, 7:15 AM CDT | RAIN 2.95 | 1 Wnw Lake Of The Woods, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-59 Mahomet 1.7 NNE. |
| Aug 15, 7:20 AM CDT | RAIN 1.38 | 1 N Savoy, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-165 Champaign 2.3 SSE. |
| Aug 15, 7:30 AM CDT | RAIN 1.26 | 1 N Sidney, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-37 Sidney 0.9 N. |
| Aug 15, 7:30 AM CDT | RAIN 1.91 | 3 Ene Urbana, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-126 Urbana 2.6 ENE. |
| Aug 15, 7:30 AM CDT | RAIN 2.23 | Urbana, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-12 Urbana 0.1 SSE. |
| Aug 15, 7:31 AM CDT | RAIN 1.53 | 2 S Urbana, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-174 , IL. |
| Aug 15, 7:41 AM CDT | RAIN 1.66 | 2 Nne Homer, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-72 Homer 2.1 NNE. |
| Aug 15, 8:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.6 | 1 Wnw Willard Airport, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-50 Savoy 2.6 WSW. |
| Aug 15, 8:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.6 | Tolono, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-170 Tolono 0.4 W. |
| Aug 15, 8:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.63 | 1 S Urbana, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-175 Urbana 0.5 S. |
| Aug 15, 8:00 AM CDT | RAIN 1.67 | 2 Nw Homer, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-104 Homer 2.0 NW. |
| Aug 15, 8:00 AM CDT | RAIN 2.25 | 5 Wnw Saint Joseph, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-177 4 WNW Saint Joseph. |
| Aug 15, 8:00 AM CDT | RAIN 2.65 | Mahomet, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-163 Mahomet. |
| Aug 15, 8:00 AM CDT | RAIN 3.06 | 4 N Fisher, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-125 Foosland 5.0 ENE. |
| Aug 15, 8:00 AM CDT | RAIN 3.6 | 3 Ne Mansfield, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-140 Mansfield 3.2 NE. |
| Aug 15, 8:00 AM CDT | RAIN 3.87 | 1 Ne Rantoul, IL | Cocorahs station IL-CP-159 1 NE Rantoul. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 5 storm reports to this flash flood warning; the first came 116 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Lincoln, IL (KILX), launched 00:00Z, 8.4 hours before the alert went out and 31 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 1237 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -137 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 748 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 25 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 167 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 197 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 1.2
The text
As transmitted.
373
WGUS53 KILX 150823
FFWILX
ILC019-151300-
/O.NEW.KILX.FF.W.0068.260815T0823Z-260815T1300Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Flash Flood Warning
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
323 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026
The National Weather Service in Lincoln has issued a
* Flash Flood Warning for...
Champaign County in east central Illinois...
* Until 800 AM CDT.
* At 323 AM CDT, trained weather spotters reported thunderstorms
producing heavy rain across the warned area. Between 1.5 and 3
inches of rain have fallen. The expected rainfall rate is 1 to 3
inches in 1 hour. Flash flooding is ongoing or expected to begin
shortly.
HAZARD...Flash flooding caused by thunderstorms.
SOURCE...Trained spotters reported.
IMPACT...Flash flooding of small creeks and streams, urban
areas, highways, streets and underpasses as well as
other poor drainage and low-lying areas.
* Some locations that will experience flash flooding include...
Champaign, Urbana, Rantoul, Savoy, Mahomet, St. Joseph, Tolono,
Fisher, Philo, Sidney, Homer, Thomasboro, Gifford, Ogden, Pesotum,
Bondville, Sadorus, Broadlands, Ivesdale and Willard Airport.
This includes the following highways...
Interstate 72 between mile markers 174 and 182.
Interstate 74 between mile markers 169 and 197.
Interstate 57 between mile markers 218 and 257.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.
Be especially cautious at night when it is harder to recognize the
dangers of flooding.
Be aware of your surroundings and do not drive on flooded roads.
&&
LAT...LON 3988 8846 4040 8846 4040 8793 3988 8794
FLASH FLOOD...OBSERVED
EXPECTED RAINFALL RATE...1-3 INCHES IN 1 HOUR
$$
Copple1 follow-up statement
754 WGUS73 KILX 151259 RRA FFSILX Flash Flood Statement National Weather Service Lincoln IL 759 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026 ILC019-151309- /O.EXP.KILX.FF.W.0068.000000T0000Z-260815T1300Z/ /00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/ Champaign IL- 759 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026 ...FLASH FLOOD WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 8 AM CDT THIS MORNING FOR CHAMPAIGN COUNTY... The heavy rain has ended. Flooding is no longer expected to pose a threat. Please continue to heed remaining road closures. A Flood Watch remains in effect until 1000 AM CDT for portions of central, east central, and west central Illinois. && LAT...LON 3988 8846 4040 8846 4040 8793 3988 8794 $$ MJA
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Lincoln, IL wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Aug 15, 2:20 AM CDT, 1 hour 3 minutes earlier. Its key messages:
- There is flash flooding ongoing across portions of central Illinois this morning, where thunderstorms track over areas that have already seen 4-6 inches of rain since Thursday. Areas north of a Havana to Bloomington line are most at risk.
- Storms have the potential to produce damaging winds today and tomorrow. SPC has a marginal (level 1 of 5) risk of severe weather for the weekend.
- The heat and humidity remain a concern for the weekend, with the hottest conditions in the southern half of the state.
Area forecast discussion, Aug 15, 2:20 AM CDT, 1 hour 3 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion National Weather Service Lincoln IL 220 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026 .KEY MESSAGES... - There is flash flooding ongoing across portions of central Illinois this morning, where thunderstorms track over areas that have already seen 4-6 inches of rain since Thursday. Areas north of a Havana to Bloomington line are most at risk. - Storms have the potential to produce damaging winds today and tomorrow. SPC has a marginal (level 1 of 5) risk of severe weather for the weekend. - The heat and humidity remain a concern for the weekend, with the hottest conditions in the southern half of the state. && .DISCUSSION... Issued at 220 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026 Tonight, storms are moving across central IL. There is a low risk (but non-zero) for damaging winds within these storms, but the main concern is the flash flooding risk. WPC has areas near and north of I-72 in a moderate risk (level 3 of 4) for excessive rainfall for the overnight hours. The 00z sounding shows the environment having PWATs of 2.2-2.4 inches. Over the last few days, this area has gotten 3-6 inches of rain, with some locally higher amounts. The storms passing through tonight are expected to drop another 2-5 inches with the LPMM suggesting some localized pockets of up to 10 inches. Flash flood guidance seems a bit generous (too high). If the pockets of higher rain set up over where the ground is already extremely saturated, flash flooding is likely. For the remainder of the day after this morning round of convection exits about 15-16z, there is a marginal risk for severe weather for additional activity that will move through. It will be very similar to what has happened over the last few days. The next round of MCS activity will move into central IL by late evening and will continue into the overnight hours. The main concern will be damaging winds and the heavy rain potential. There is another marginal risk for severe weather again tomorrow for areas south of a Schuyler to McLean County line with a similar environment in place as previous days. The forecast will continue to evolve as we get newer runs of the models. Temperatures remain hot and humid. The heat advisory for south of I- 70 is valid through Sunday. Heat indices of 100-110 degrees are forecast through Sunday, but how far north these heat indices get will depend solely on the convection location. Like yesterday for example, the convection lingered further south longer than forecast, so heat indices struggled to hit triple digits. Next week may bring us a brief break in the active weather and the heat briefly. A high pressure area will set up over the Upper Mississippi Valley / Great Lakes region by Monday, behind a cold front that will move through central IL during the day. Temperatures starting Monday into much of the next week will be mainly in the upper 70s to 80s for highs and 60s to low 70s for lows. && .AVIATION /06Z TAFS THROUGH 06Z SUNDAY/... Issued at 1223 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026 Thunderstorms are moving across portions of central Illinois during the early overnight hours and expected to continue into Saturday morning before exiting east of the area. MVFR/IFR ceilings currently in place north of the terminals will sink south to along the I-74 corridor overnight, but confidence is currently low that it will reach as far south as SPI/DEC. Areas that do drop are expected to improve back to VFR early to mid Saturday afternoon as winds veer to SWerly. && .ILX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... Flood Watch until 10 AM CDT this morning for ILZ027>031- 036>038-040-041-043>046-055-057. Heat Advisory until 8 PM CDT Sunday for ILZ066>068-071>073. && KEY MESSAGES...Copple DISCUSSION...Copple AVIATION...Deubelbeiss
Hazardous weather outlook, Aug 14, 3:00 PM CDT, 12 hours 23 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Lincoln IL 300 PM CDT Fri Aug 14 2026 ILZ027>031-036>038-040>057-061>063-066>068-071>073-151100- Knox-Stark-Peoria-Marshall-Woodford-Fulton-Tazewell-McLean-Schuyler- Mason-Logan-De Witt-Piatt-Champaign-Vermilion-Cass-Menard-Scott- Morgan-Sangamon-Christian-Macon-Moultrie-Douglas-Coles-Edgar-Shelby- Cumberland-Clark-Effingham-Jasper-Crawford-Clay-Richland-Lawrence- 300 PM CDT Fri Aug 14 2026 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central Illinois, east central Illinois, southeast Illinois and west central Illinois. .DAY ONE...Tonight. Widespread thunderstorm activity is likely tonight, mainly north of I-72. Locally strong to severe storms and flash flooding are possible. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday through Thursday. Hot and humid conditions will peak over the area this weekend. Peak afternoon heat indices will range from 103 to 112 Saturday, and 100 to 105 Sunday. Daily chances for thunderstorms exist through the weekend, mainly north of I-70 for Saturday. Some of these storms could be severe and produce heavy rain. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... Spotter activation may be needed after midnight. 37
In the hours before
Local storm report, Aug 15, 1:38 AM CDT, 1 hour 45 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
138 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0135 AM Flash Flood Bloomington 40.48N 88.99W
08/15/2026 McLean IL Public
Several flooded roads reported on Douglas
Street and viaducts underwater, relayed by
broadcast media from viewer.
0135 AM Flash Flood 1 W Normal 40.51N 89.00W
08/15/2026 McLean IL Public
Adelaide and Bryan streets in Bloomington
are impassible and underwater, relayed by
broadcast media from viewer.
&&Local storm report, Aug 15, 1:46 AM CDT, 1 hour 37 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
146 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0144 AM Flash Flood Tremont 40.53N 89.49W
08/15/2026 Tazewell IL Public
6 inches of water flowing over E Pearl
Street.
&&
RACLocal storm report, Aug 15, 2:12 AM CDT, 1 hour 11 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
212 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0209 AM Flash Flood 3 WNW Mackinaw 40.56N 89.40W
08/15/2026 Tazewell IL Public
Allentown Road about a mile west of
Allentown is flooded over.
&&
RACLocal storm report, Aug 15, 2:32 AM CDT, 51 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
232 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0224 AM Flash Flood 2 ESE Bloomington 40.47N 88.96W
08/15/2026 McLean IL 911 Call Center
Vehicle stalled in flood waters, road is
impassable at Oakland Ave/Four Seasons Rd
and Prospect Rd / Grandview Dr.
&&
RACLocal storm report, Aug 15, 2:52 AM CDT, 31 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
252 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0244 AM Flash Flood 1 ENE Bloomington 40.49N 88.97W
08/15/2026 McLean IL 911 Call Center
Vehicle stalled in floodwater, road is
impassable.
&&
RACLocal storm report, Aug 15, 2:54 AM CDT, 29 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Lincoln IL
254 AM CDT Sat Aug 15 2026
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0252 AM Flash Flood Minier 40.43N 89.31W
08/15/2026 Tazewell IL Broadcast Media
Water entering basement egress window at a
home in Minier.
&&
RACThe office that day
Everything else NWS Lincoln, IL issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aug 14, 11:56 PM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | ILX | Fulton, Knox, Mason, Peoria, Tazewell, Woodford | 7 hr |
| Aug 15, 1:09 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | ILX | McLean | 6 hr |
| Aug 15, 1:23 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ILX | Fulton, Mason | 67 min |
| Aug 15, 1:51 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ILX | Fulton | 24 min |
| Aug 15, 2:19 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | ILX | McLean | 5 hr |
| Aug 15, 2:23 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ILX | Peoria, Tazewell | 38 min |
| Aug 15, 2:36 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | ILX | McLean | 6 hr |
| Aug 15, 3:43 AM CDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | ILX | Cass, Fulton, Mason, Menard, Morgan, Schuyler and 1 more | 62 min |
| Aug 15, 3:54 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | ILX | Vermilion | 4 hr |
| Aug 15, 4:29 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | ILX | Logan, Menard, Sangamon | 31 min |
| Aug 15, 5:33 AM CDT | Areal Flood Advisory | ILX | Morgan | 3 hr |
| Aug 15, 5:48 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | ILX | Champaign, Vermilion | 8 hr |
| Aug 15, 6:24 AM CDT | Special Weather Statement | ILX | Champaign, Piatt, Vermilion | 36 min |
| Aug 15, 6:37 AM CDT | Areal Flood Warning | ILX | Fulton, Knox, Mason, Peoria, Tazewell, Woodford | 27 hr |
| Aug 15, 7:33 AM CDT | Areal Flood Warning | ILX | McLean | 65 min |
| Aug 15, 7:40 AM CDT | Areal Flood Warning | ILX | McLean | 26 hr |
| Aug 15, 8:04 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | ILX | McLean | 5 hr |
| Aug 15, 8:38 AM CDT | Flash Flood Warning | ILX | McLean | 4 hr |
| Aug 15, 10:11 AM CDT | River Flood Warning | ILX | Cass, Fulton, Mason | 13 days |
| Aug 15, 10:12 AM CDT | River Flood Warning | ILX | Brown, Cass, Morgan, Schuyler | 14 days |
| Aug 15, 10:19 AM CDT | River Flood Warning | ILX | Piatt | 7 days |
| Aug 15, 12:40 PM CDT | Areal Flood Warning | ILX | McLean | 21 hr |
| Aug 15, 1:40 PM CDT | Areal Flood Warning | ILX | Champaign, Vermilion | 46 hr |
| Aug 15, 1:46 PM CDT | River Flood Warning | ILX | McLean, Tazewell, Woodford | 20 hr |
Nearby
Flash Flood Warnings in Illinois, 2026Every flash flood warning in 2026
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.