Alert archive / Alabama / Tornado Warnings in 2026

Tornado Warning 3, NWS Huntsville, AL

May 22, 2026Madison County, Alabama

NWS Huntsville, AL issued this tornado warning at May 22, 2026, 11:54 AM CDT for Madison County, Alabama. It was in force for 21 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
May 22, 2026, 11:54 AM CDT (16:54 UTC)
Expired
May 22, 2026, 12:15 PM CDT
In force
21 min
Issued by
NWS Huntsville, AL
Area
Storm-based polygon
Tornado
Radar indicated
Hail
0.75 in

County Madison County, AL

The radar

The Northeast Alabama radar (KHTX), 57 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 16:56 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this tornado warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Birmingham, AL (KBMX), launched 12:00Z, 4.9 hours before the alert went out and 176 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Birmingham, AL at 12:00Z on 2026-05-22Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 647 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Birmingham, AL at 12:00Z on 2026-05-22The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 123 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
647 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-3 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
566 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
28 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
123 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
146 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.3
Supercell composite
2.1

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

308 
WFUS54 KHUN 221654
TORHUN
ALC089-221745-
/O.NEW.KHUN.TO.W.0003.260522T1654Z-260522T1745Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Tornado Warning
National Weather Service Huntsville AL
1154 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

The National Weather Service in Huntsville Alabama has issued a

* Tornado Warning for...
  Northwestern Madison County in north central Alabama...

* Until 1245 PM CDT.

* At 1154 AM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a
  tornado was located over Huntsville International Airport, or near
  Madison, moving northeast at 25 mph.

  HAZARD...Tornado.

  SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.

  IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without 
           shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. 
           Damage to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur.  Tree 
           damage is likely.

* This dangerous storm will be near...
  Northwestern Huntsville, Madison, Redstone Arsenal, and Marshall 
  Space Flight Center around 1200 PM CDT.
  University Of Alabama In Huntsville around 1210 PM CDT.
  Harvest around 1215 PM CDT.
  Meridianville around 1230 PM CDT.

Other locations impacted by this tornadic thunderstorm include Toney.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.

&&

LAT...LON 3486 8650 3458 8673 3460 8679 3472 8679
      3494 8672
TIME...MOT...LOC 1654Z 203DEG 20KT 3464 8675 

TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN

$$

KTW
5 follow-up statements
860 
WWUS54 KHUN 221659
SVSHUN

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Huntsville AL
1159 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

ALC089-221745-
/O.CON.KHUN.TO.W.0003.000000T0000Z-260522T1745Z/
Madison AL-
1159 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1245 PM CDT FOR
NORTHWESTERN MADISON COUNTY...

At 1159 AM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
was located over Madison, moving north at 25 mph.

HAZARD...Tornado.

SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.

IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without 
         shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage 
         to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur.  Tree damage is 
         likely.

This dangerous storm will be near...
  Northwestern Huntsville, Madison, and Redstone Arsenal around 1205 
  PM CDT.
  University Of Alabama In Huntsville around 1210 PM CDT.
  Harvest around 1215 PM CDT.
  Meridianville around 1230 PM CDT.

Other locations impacted by this tornadic thunderstorm include Toney.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.

&&

LAT...LON 3486 8650 3458 8673 3460 8679 3472 8679
      3494 8672
TIME...MOT...LOC 1659Z 201DEG 20KT 3467 8674 

TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN

$$

KTW
514 
WWUS54 KHUN 221702
SVSHUN

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Huntsville AL
1202 PM CDT Fri May 22 2026

ALC089-221745-
/O.CON.KHUN.TO.W.0003.000000T0000Z-260522T1745Z/
Madison AL-
1202 PM CDT Fri May 22 2026

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1245 PM CDT FOR
NORTHWESTERN MADISON COUNTY...

At 1202 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
was located over Madison, moving northeast at 25 mph.

HAZARD...Tornado.

SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.

IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without 
         shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage 
         to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur.  Tree damage is 
         likely.

This dangerous storm will be near...
  Northwestern Huntsville, Madison, and Redstone Arsenal around 1205 
  PM CDT.
  University Of Alabama In Huntsville around 1210 PM CDT.
  Harvest around 1215 PM CDT.
  Meridianville around 1230 PM CDT.

Other locations impacted by this tornadic thunderstorm include Toney.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.

&&

LAT...LON 3487 8652 3461 8673 3464 8677 3472 8679
      3494 8672
TIME...MOT...LOC 1702Z 203DEG 20KT 3469 8673 

TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN

$$

KTW
206 
WWUS54 KHUN 221703
SVSHUN

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Huntsville AL
1203 PM CDT Fri May 22 2026

ALC089-221745-
/O.CON.KHUN.TO.W.0003.000000T0000Z-260522T1745Z/
Madison AL-
1203 PM CDT Fri May 22 2026

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1245 PM CDT FOR
NORTHWESTERN MADISON COUNTY...

At 1203 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
was located over Madison, moving northeast at 25 mph.

HAZARD...Tornado.

SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.

IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without 
         shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage 
         to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur.  Tree damage is 
         likely.

This dangerous storm will be near...
  Northwestern Huntsville, Madison, and University Of Alabama In 
  Huntsville around 1210 PM CDT.
  Harvest around 1215 PM CDT.
  Meridianville around 1230 PM CDT.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.

&&

LAT...LON 3487 8653 3466 8670 3466 8675 3472 8679
      3494 8671
TIME...MOT...LOC 1703Z 203DEG 20KT 3469 8673 

TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN

$$

KTW
922 
WWUS54 KHUN 221713
SVSHUN

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Huntsville AL
1213 PM CDT Fri May 22 2026

ALC089-221745-
/O.CON.KHUN.TO.W.0003.000000T0000Z-260522T1745Z/
Madison AL-
1213 PM CDT Fri May 22 2026

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1245 PM CDT FOR
NORTHWESTERN MADISON COUNTY...

At 1213 PM CDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
was located near Madison, moving northeast at 25 mph.

HAZARD...Tornado.

SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.

IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without 
         shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage 
         to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur.  Tree damage is 
         likely.

This dangerous storm will be near...
  Northwestern Huntsville and Harvest around 1220 PM CDT.
  Meridianville around 1230 PM CDT.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.

&&

LAT...LON 3487 8653 3471 8667 3472 8671 3476 8675
      3494 8671
TIME...MOT...LOC 1713Z 203DEG 20KT 3475 8670 

TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...<.75 IN

$$

KTW
044 
WWUS54 KHUN 221715
SVSHUN

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Huntsville AL
1215 PM CDT Fri May 22 2026

ALC089-221725-
/O.CAN.KHUN.TO.W.0003.000000T0000Z-260522T1745Z/
Madison AL-
1215 PM CDT Fri May 22 2026

...THE TORNADO WARNING FOR NORTHWESTERN MADISON COUNTY IS
CANCELLED...

The storm which prompted the warning has weakened below severe
limits, and no longer appears capable of producing a tornado.
Therefore, the warning has been cancelled.  However, gusty winds and
heavy rain are still possible with this thunderstorm.

&&

LAT...LON 3487 8653 3471 8667 3472 8671 3476 8675
      3494 8671
TIME...MOT...LOC 1714Z 203DEG 20KT 3477 8669 

$$

KTW

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Huntsville, AL wrote its last area forecast discussion before this tornado warning went out at May 22, 11:26 AM CDT, 28 minutes earlier. Its key messages:

  • Updated at 1126 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026
  • There is a low chance for a few strong to severe thunderstorms today. The primary convective hazards will be gusty to damaging winds and a tornado or two.
  • The risk for flash, areal and river flooding will continue to increase today and tonight, and a Flash Flood Watch is in effect for portions of the forecast area.
  • A wet weather pattern will continue for the next seven days with an additional 2.5-4 inches of rain expected. Thus, the risk for flooding will continue through much of next week.
Area forecast discussion, May 22, 11:26 AM CDT, 28 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Huntsville AL
1126 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

...New NEAR TERM, SHORT TERM...

.KEY MESSAGES...
Updated at 1126 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

 - There is a low chance for a few strong to severe thunderstorms
   today. The primary convective hazards will be gusty to damaging
   winds and a tornado or two.

 - The risk for flash, areal and river flooding will continue to
   increase today and tonight, and a Flash Flood Watch is in
   effect for portions of the forecast area.

 - A wet weather pattern will continue for the next seven days
   with an additional 2.5-4 inches of rain expected. Thus, the
   risk for flooding will continue through much of next week.

&&

.NEAR TERM...
(Rest of Today and Tonight)
Issued at 1126 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

Embedded within prevailing southwesterly flow aloft (between a
subtropical ridge to our southeast and a developing mid/upper low
across southern SK/MB), a weak but negatively-tilted shortwave
trough will progress from the Arklatex into the Lower Great Lakes
by 12Z Saturday. In the low-levels, an increasingly compact area
of low pressure will lift northeastward from southern AR into
western TN/KY this afternoon before advancing into central IN
tonight, resulting in a modest increase in SSE flow across the
warm sector.

Present indications are that an extensive band of rain and
thunderstorms within the cyclone's warm conveyor belt will
continue to spread slowly eastward across much of AL this morning
and into the early afternoon, as the SSW low-level jet strengthens
to 30-40 knots. Although hodographs suggest that both 0-3km and
0-1km shear will support development of mesocyclones and brief
tornadoes with stronger updrafts, the strongest cells appear as if
they will be most concentrated across the southern half of the
state (where SBCAPE is already in excess of 2500-3000 J/kg). Later
this afternoon, a separate axis of convection may evolve within a
low-level confluence axis extending southward from the primary
low into central MS. This activity should track eastward into
northwest AL after 21Z, and may also feature a similar risk for
mesocyclones and brief tornadoes (especially if clouds partially
scatter in this region, enabling CAPE to reach 1000-1250 J/kg).
Otherwise, heavy rainfall and localized flash flooding will be the
most significant concern today and tonight, given PWAT values in
the 1.6-1.8" range. A Flash Flood Watch has been issued for the
portion of the CWFA that has experienced the heaviest rainfall
recently, and thus has the lowest 1-hour FFG values.

Although afternoon convection will likely last for a couple of
hours beyond sunset this evening before dissipating, a brief
period of drier conditions is expected from late this evening into
the early morning hours Saturday. However, there is some concern
that a subtle prefrontal confluence axis may drift southeastward
into the region and initiate new showers and thunderstorms in the
10-12Z timeframe. As overcast low stratus clouds return in earnest
this evening, overnight lows will be rather mild and in the l-m
60s.

&&

.SHORT TERM...
(Saturday through Sunday night)
Issued at 1126 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

Scattered showers and thunderstorms (which may develop along a
prefrontal confluence axis shortly before sunrise) will tend to
spread southeastward with time and should exit our region by early
afternoon. And, with mid-level height rises and broad scale
subsidence predicted to strengthen in the wake of a departing
shortwave trough, redevelopment of convection along remnant
mesoscale boundaries tomorrow afternoon is uncertain. Regardless,
a few thunderstorms will likely materialize over the course of the
afternoon as temps warm into the u70s-l80s and these would be
within an environment of higher CAPE (1500-2000 J/kg) but much
weaker low-level shear compared to today. Thus, in spite of lower
storm coverage, conditions appear slightly more favorable for
damaging downburst winds tomorrow afternoon. In similar fashion to
today, diurnal convection will dissipate within a couple of hours
of sunset Saturday evening, with dry but warm/humid conditions
anticipated through early Sunday morning.

During the timeframe from Sunday-Sunday night, chances for
showers and thunderstorms will quickly increase once again as a
southerly low-level jet strengthens to the east of a developing
cutoff upper low in the subtropical jet (across eastern TX).
Although deep-layer wind fields appear too weak to support storm
organization, precipitable water values will remain rather high.
Thus, the primary impacts from storms during this period will be
lightning and locally heavy rainfall/flooding. Highs on Sunday
will once again reach the u70s-l80s, with overnight lows remaining
in the l-m 60s.

&&

.LONG TERM...
(Monday through Thursday)
Issued at 950 PM CDT Thu May 21 2026

The relief from the roller coaster of showers and thunderstorms
you are looking for won't be found in the Long Term. We will be in
a stagnate pattern that will keep medium to high rain chances in
through mid week next week. As of right now, no severe weather is
expected during this time. With the persistent rounds of rainfall,
the potential for flooding will be closely monitored. WPC has at
least some part of the forecast area in a Marginal ERO through
Tuesday. From a drought perspective, we really needed the rain,
but I think we are all ready for the return of some sunshine. High
and low temperatures won't fluctuate much, with highs in the
lower 80s, and lows in the low to mid 60s throughout the Long
Term.

&&

.AVIATION...
(12Z TAFS)
Issued at 558 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

Light showers were ongoing over portions of north Alabama and
southern middle Tennessee at issuance. In addition, CIGs at some
sites have lowered to MVFR or IFR early this morning - these
places were largely the ones who received rainfall last evening
and overnight. Although a slight lull in shower/storm activity is
anticipated this morning, chances will increase once again come
late morning/early afternoon. A rainy and stormy day will then
ensue. Expect lower CIGs through the day, but especially in the
heavier showers/stronger storms (along with lower VIS).
Furthermore, southerly winds are expected to increase by late
morning/early afternoon to be roughly 10 knots with gusts to
around 20 knots. Shower and storm activity then decreases this
evening, along with winds. Although, shower and storm chances
increase again later tonight into early Saturday morning.

&&

.HUN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
AL...Flood Watch through Saturday morning for ALZ008>010-016.

TN...None.

&&

NEAR TERM...70/DD
SHORT TERM...70/DD
LONG TERM...JMS
AVIATION...26

In the hours before

Special weather statement, May 22, 7:37 AM CDT, 4 hours 17 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Huntsville AL
737 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

ALZ009-221315-
Jackson AL-
737 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTH CENTRAL JACKSON COUNTY
THROUGH 815 AM CDT...

At 735 AM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm near
Scottsboro, moving northeast at 20 mph.

HAZARD...Wind gusts in excess of 30 mph.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
         unsecured objects. Ponding on area roadways and
         very localized flash flooding is possible.

Locations impacted include...
Scottsboro, Stevenson, Hollywood, Skyline, Bass, Martintown, Fackler,
and Larkinsville.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.

Frequent cloud to ground lightning is occurring with this storm.
Lightning can strike 10 miles away from a thunderstorm. Seek a safe
shelter inside a building or vehicle.

&&

LAT...LON 3460 8603 3469 8618 3499 8598 3499 8595
      3490 8575
TIME...MOT...LOC 1235Z 210DEG 19KT 3472 8605

MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...30 MPH

KTW
Local storm report, May 22, 10:46 AM CDT, 1 hour 8 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service Huntsville AL
1046 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

730 AM      Tstm. Wind Damage6 NE Woodville          34.67N 86.19W
05/22/2026                   Jackson            AL   Emergency Manager

            TREE FELL AND CAUGHT THE POWER LINES AND
            TOOK THE LINES DOWN. ADV LINES ARE SPARKING.
            TREE PARTIALLY IN ROADWAY.

&&
GH
Special weather statement, May 22, 11:47 AM CDT, 7 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Huntsville AL
1147 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

ALZ005-006-221730-
Madison AL-Limestone AL-
1147 AM CDT Fri May 22 2026

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTHWESTERN MADISON AND
SOUTHEASTERN LIMESTONE COUNTIES THROUGH 1230 PM CDT...

At 1147 AM CDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm over
Triana, or 7 miles southwest of Redstone Arsenal, moving northeast at
20 mph.

HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
         unsecured objects.

Locations impacted include...
Huntsville, Madison, Moores Mill, Meridianville, Redstone Arsenal,
Hazel Green, Triana, Alabama A And M University, Marshall Space
Flight Center, and University Of Alabama In Huntsville.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

If outdoors, consider seeking shelter inside a building.

&&

LAT...LON 3487 8644 3458 8672 3457 8673 3455 8676
      3456 8684 3495 8673
TIME...MOT...LOC 1647Z 203DEG 19KT 3459 8677

MAX HAIL SIZE...0.00 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH

KTW

The office that day

Everything else NWS Huntsville, AL issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
May 22, 7:37 AM CDTSpecial Weather StatementHUNJackson38 min
May 22, 8:21 AM CDTFlood WatchHUNCullman, DeKalb, Jackson, Marshall14 hr
May 22, 11:47 AM CDTSpecial Weather StatementHUNMadison43 min
May 22, 12:01 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementHUNJackson29 min
May 22, 12:18 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementHUNLimestone42 min
May 22, 12:30 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementHUNJackson30 min
May 22, 12:33 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementHUNCullman, Morgan27 min
May 22, 12:44 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementHUNCullman31 min
May 22, 12:50 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningHUNCullman3 hr
May 22, 12:53 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNCullman, Madison, Marshall, Morgan21 min
May 22, 1:09 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementHUNJackson36 min
May 22, 1:17 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementHUNMarshall43 min
May 22, 1:35 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningHUNCullman, Jackson, Madison, Marshall, Morgan3 hr
May 22, 1:54 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementHUNMarshall51 min
May 22, 2:06 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNCullman, DeKalb, Jackson, Madison, Marshall36 min
May 22, 2:43 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementHUNJackson47 min
May 22, 3:22 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNJackson11 min
May 22, 3:26 PM CDTSpecial Weather StatementHUNColbert49 min

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in Alabama, 2026Every tornado warning in 2026Tornadoes in 2026

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.