Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Tornado Warnings in 2026

Tornado Warning 38, NWS State College, PA

September 2, 2026Centre County, Clinton County, Pennsylvania

NWS State College, PA issued this tornado warning at Sep 2, 2026, 8:12 PM EDT for Centre County, Clinton County, Pennsylvania. It was in force for 33 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued
Sep 2, 2026, 8:12 PM EDT (00:12 UTC)
Expired
Sep 2, 2026, 8:45 PM EDT
In force
33 min
Issued by
NWS State College, PA
Area
Storm-based polygon
Tornado
Radar indicated
Hail
1.0 in

Counties Centre County, PA, Clinton County, PA

The radar

The State College radar (KCCX), 30 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 00:12 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

TimeReportWhereRemark
Sep 2, 8:28 PM EDTTSTM WND DMG1 Sw Beech Creek, PATree and wires came down on house in the 170 block of Main Street and blocked the street.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this tornado warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

IssuedProductOfficeLasted
Sep 2, 4:56 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPC9 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Pittsburgh, PA (KPIT), launched 00:00Z, 0.2 hours before the alert went out and 215 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Pittsburgh, PA at 00:00Z on 2026-09-03Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 2581 joules per kilogram.LCLEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Pittsburgh, PA at 00:00Z on 2026-09-03The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 107 square meters per square second.193958Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
2581 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-5 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
1375 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
35 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
107 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
140 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.7
Supercell composite
7.5

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

599 
WFUS51 KCTP 030012
TORCTP
PAC027-035-030045-
/O.NEW.KCTP.TO.W.0038.260903T0012Z-260903T0045Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Tornado Warning
National Weather Service State College PA
812 PM EDT Wed Sep 2 2026

The National Weather Service in State College PA has issued a

* Tornado Warning for...
  Central Centre County in central Pennsylvania...
  South central Clinton County in north central Pennsylvania...

* Until 845 PM EDT.

* At 811 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
  was located near Clarence, moving east at 30 mph.

  HAZARD...Tornado and quarter size hail.

  SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.

  IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without 
           shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. 
           Damage to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur.  Tree 
           damage is likely.

* This dangerous storm will be near...
  Bald Eagle State Park and Monument around 820 PM EDT.
  Blanchard around 830 PM EDT.

Other locations impacted by this tornadic thunderstorm include
Orviston, Howard, and Beech Creek.

For those driving on Interstate 80, this includes areas between the
Bellefonte and Lamar exits, specifically from mile markers 165 to
170.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.

&&

LAT...LON 4115 7765 4114 7762 4106 7756 4105 7758
      4103 7757 4097 7752 4094 7757 4102 7785
      4103 7792 4106 7795 4110 7793 4113 7777
TIME...MOT...LOC 0011Z 267DEG 27KT 4106 7782 

TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN

$$

Colbert
1 follow-up statement
129 
WWUS51 KCTP 030030
SVSCTP

Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service State College PA
830 PM EDT Wed Sep 2 2026

PAC027-035-030045-
/O.CON.KCTP.TO.W.0038.000000T0000Z-260903T0045Z/
Centre PA-Clinton PA-
830 PM EDT Wed Sep 2 2026

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 845 PM EDT FOR CENTRAL
CENTRE AND SOUTH CENTRAL CLINTON COUNTIES...

At 830 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm capable of producing a tornado
was located over Monument, moving east at 25 mph.

HAZARD...Tornado and quarter size hail.

SOURCE...Radar indicated rotation.

IMPACT...Flying debris will be dangerous to those caught without 
         shelter. Mobile homes will be damaged or destroyed. Damage 
         to roofs, windows, and vehicles will occur.  Tree damage is 
         likely.

This dangerous storm will be near...
  Blanchard, Bald Eagle State Park, and Monument around 840 PM EDT.

Other locations impacted by this tornadic thunderstorm include
Orviston, Howard, and Beech Creek.

For those driving on Interstate 80, this includes areas between the
Bellefonte and Lamar exits, specifically from mile markers 167 to
170.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW! Move to a basement or an interior room on the lowest
floor of a sturdy building. Avoid windows. If you are outdoors, in a
mobile home, or in a vehicle, move to the closest substantial shelter
and protect yourself from flying debris.

&&

LAT...LON 4115 7765 4114 7762 4106 7756 4105 7758
      4103 7757 4097 7752 4101 7772 4104 7780
      4105 7782 4109 7780 4113 7777
TIME...MOT...LOC 0030Z 267DEG 21KT 4106 7775 

TORNADO...RADAR INDICATED
MAX HAIL SIZE...1.00 IN

$$

Colbert

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS State College, PA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this tornado warning went out at Sep 2, 3:21 PM EDT, 4 hours 51 minutes earlier. Its key messages:

  • 1) Late summer surge of heat and humidity continues severe thunderstorm and excessive rainfall threat through Thursday
Area forecast discussion, Sep 2, 3:21 PM EDT, 4 hours 51 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service State College PA
321 PM EDT Wed Sep 2 2026

.WHAT HAS CHANGED...
* Risk of damaging winds and tornado potential increased over
  the northern tier

&&

.KEY MESSAGES...
1) Late summer surge of heat and humidity continues severe
thunderstorm and excessive rainfall threat through Thursday

&&

.DISCUSSION...
KEY MESSAGE 1: Late summer surge of heat and humidity continues
severe thunderstorm and excessive rainfall threat through
Thursday

A series of mid level impulses tracking eastward along the
northern periphery of an expansive 500mb ridge will continue to
interact with anomalous moisture/instability and strong WNW flow
aloft to promote severe storm and excessive rain risk through
Thursday.

After a round of severe storms this morning, robust
destabilization is occurring across western and central PA with
plenty of heating and very rich dewpoints in the 70-75F range.
More thunderstorms are expected this afternoon through the
evening in an convective environment highly supportive of
organized storms capable of all severe weather hazards. There is
also the potential for heavy rain and flash flooding especially
were storms repeat over the same area.

Increased southwest to westerly flow on Thursday will push the
will continue to pump in the late summer heat and very high
dewpoints. Heat advisory remains in effect from 11a-8p Thursday
across a portion of south central PA where max heat index values
are projected to reach/exceed 100F.

The severe risk will be focused more across the southwest
quadrant of central PA Thursday, and south of the PA-MD border
on Friday. An upper trough passage favors one final round of
showers and storms on Friday, but fortunately the Labor Day
weekend is trending dry. The upper ridge is forecast to
retrograde by the end of the week which allows for a return to
more seasonal temperatures and lower humidity this weekend into
early next week.

&&

.AVIATION /19Z WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY/...
Some of the least certain terminal forecasts I have ever made,
even during lake effect snows. The possibility, but not
certainty, of convection exists throughout the entire TAF
period for almost all sites. Pointing out a few more-likely
times are the best I could do at this point. After a patch of
SHRA/TSRA affects IPT this aftn, it could slide S into MDT/LNS,
but it is not more than a 40% chc of getting to those two sites.
Most guidance then develops convection over western PA and
sliding into the airspace over Central PA before 22Z. That
possible area of SHRA/TSRA could (50%) last into the late
evening while inching eastward. A significant push of forcing
moves in from NY toward 03Z. The batch of convection it will
fire up has been fairly consistent with previous guidance and
would drop into a pool of very low stability and high moisture.
These SHRA/TSRA would certainly drop into BFD and then IPT-UNV.
They could survive into the southern half of the airspace for
the post- sunrise hours. I would have put more/lower visby fog
into the terminals if I thought it would clear out after the sun
sets. Still mentioned a period of fog for the western terminals
later tonight.

Outlook...

Thu...Scattered-Numerous SHRA/TSRA with brief restrictions
possible; morning fog.

Fri...Scattered SHRA/TSRA SW. VFR elsewhere after morning fog.

Sat-Mon...VFR favored; morning fog possible.

&&

.CTP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
Heat Advisory from 11 AM to 8 PM EDT Thursday for PAZ026>028-
035-036-056-057-059-063>066.

&&

WHAT HAS CHANGED...Steinbugl
KEY MESSAGES...Steinbugl
DISCUSSION...Steinbugl
AVIATION...Dangelo
Hazardous weather outlook, Sep 2, 7:51 PM EDT, 21 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service State College PA
751 PM EDT Wed Sep 2 2026

PAZ028-036-056-057-059-063>066-040000-
Juniata-Franklin-Perry-Dauphin-Lebanon-Cumberland-Adams-York-
Lancaster-
751 PM EDT Wed Sep 2 2026

...HEAT ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM TO 8 PM EDT THURSDAY...

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central Pennsylvania.

.DAY ONE...Tonight.

Strong to severe thunderstorms with damaging winds and heavy
rainfall are possible later this evening and tonight.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Thursday through Tuesday.

Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to
weather.gov/StateCollege on the internet for more
information about the following hazards.

   Heat Advisory.

Strong to severe thunderstorms with damaging winds and heavy
rainfall are possible again on Thursday.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotters are encouraged to report significant hazardous weather.

PAZ004>006-010>012-017>019-024-025-033-034-037-041-042-045-046-
040000-
Warren-McKean-Potter-Elk-Cameron-Northern Clinton-Clearfield-
Northern Centre-Southern Centre-Cambria-Blair-Somerset-Bedford-Tioga-
Northern Lycoming-Sullivan-Southern Clinton-Southern Lycoming-
751 PM EDT Wed Sep 2 2026

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 646 IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT EDT
TONIGHT...

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central Pennsylvania.

.DAY ONE...Tonight.

Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to
weather.gov/StateCollege on the internet for more
information about the following hazards.

   Severe Thunderstorm Watch.

Strong to severe thunderstorms with damaging winds and heavy
rainfall are possible later this afternoon through tonight.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Thursday through Tuesday.

Strong to severe thunderstorms with damaging winds and heavy
rainfall are possible again on Thursday.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotters are encouraged to report significant hazardous weather.

PAZ026-027-035-040000-
Huntingdon-Mifflin-Fulton-
751 PM EDT Wed Sep 2 2026

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 646 IN EFFECT UNTIL MIDNIGHT EDT
TONIGHT...
...HEAT ADVISORY IN EFFECT FROM 11 AM TO 8 PM EDT THURSDAY...

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central Pennsylvania.

.DAY ONE...Tonight.

Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to
weather.gov/StateCollege on the internet for more
information about the following hazards.

   Severe Thunderstorm Watch.

Strong to severe thunderstorms with damaging winds and heavy
rainfall are possible later this evening and tonight.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Thursday through Tuesday.

Please listen to NOAA Weather Radio or go to
weather.gov/StateCollege on the internet for more
information about the following hazards.

   Heat Advisory.

Strong to severe thunderstorms with damaging winds and heavy
rainfall are possible again on Thursday.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotters are encouraged to report significant hazardous weather.

PAZ049>053-058-040000-
Union-Snyder-Montour-Northumberland-Columbia-Schuylkill-
751 PM EDT Wed Sep 2 2026

This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for central Pennsylvania.

.DAY ONE...Tonight.

Strong to severe thunderstorms with damaging winds and heavy
rainfall are possible later this afternoon through tonight.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Thursday through Tuesday.

Strong to severe thunderstorms with damaging winds and heavy
rainfall are possible again on Thursday.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

Spotters are encouraged to report significant hazardous weather.

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Sep 2, 5:24 PM EDT, 2 hours 48 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service State College PA
524 PM EDT Wed Sep 2 2026

PAZ034-022200-
Bedford PA-
524 PM EDT Wed Sep 2 2026

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT CENTRAL BEDFORD COUNTY UNTIL 6
PM EDT...

At 524 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm over
Bedford, moving east at 15 mph.

HAZARD...Wind gusts up to 50 mph and pea size hail.

SOURCE...Radar indicated.

IMPACT...Gusty winds could knock down tree limbs and blow around
         unsecured objects. Minor damage to outdoor objects is
         possible.

Locations impacted include...
  Bedford, Breezewood, Clearville, Everett and Manns Choice.

This includes the following highways...
Interstate 70 between mile markers 147 and 149. The Pennsylvania
Turnpike between mile markers 139 and 162. Interstate 99 between mile
markers 0 and 1.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Seek shelter inside a building.

This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio
stations and available television stations for additional information
and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.

&&

LAT...LON 3997 7863 4009 7860 4004 7821 3984 7831
TIME...MOT...LOC 2123Z 280DEG 14KT 3999 7850

MAX HAIL SIZE...0.25 IN
MAX WIND GUST...50 MPH

Bowen
Local storm report, Sep 2, 5:59 PM EDT, 2 hours 13 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
559 PM EDT Wed Sep 2 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0552 PM     Tstm Wnd Dmg     1 SW Everett            40.01N 78.38W
09/02/2026                   Bedford            PA   911 Call Center

            Tree down on W 5th Avenue near Hollars
            Extension. The left lane is blocked.

&&

JCB
Local storm report, Sep 2, 6:59 PM EDT, 1 hour 13 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
659 PM EDT Wed Sep 2 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0640 PM     Tstm Wnd Dmg     2 NE Clearville         39.92N 78.34W
09/02/2026                   Bedford            PA   911 Call Center

            Wires down on Rock Hill Church Road.

&&

JCB
Local storm report, Sep 2, 7:01 PM EDT, 1 hour 11 minutes before
Preliminary Local Storm Report
National Weather Service State College PA
701 PM EDT Wed Sep 2 2026

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0610 PM     Tstm Wnd Dmg     3 SE Everett            39.99N 78.31W
09/02/2026                   Bedford            PA   911 Call Center

            Multiple trees down on Pointer Road.

&&

JCB

The office that day

Everything else NWS State College, PA issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Sep 2, 8:22 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPClinton, Lycoming, Potter, Tioga38 min
Sep 2, 8:29 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPTioga35 min
Sep 2, 8:39 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPClinton, Lycoming51 min
Sep 2, 8:44 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPCentre, Clinton31 min
Sep 2, 8:50 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPMcKean, Potter, Tioga55 min
Sep 2, 8:58 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPClinton, Lycoming, Potter47 min
Sep 2, 9:03 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPClinton, Lycoming57 min
Sep 2, 9:24 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningCTPCentre, Clinton, Lycoming3 hr
Sep 2, 9:29 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPTioga16 min
Sep 2, 9:50 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCentre, Clinton, Lycoming, Union40 min
Sep 2, 9:50 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPLycoming, Sullivan, Tioga40 min
Sep 2, 10:12 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningCTPCentre, Clinton, Lycoming, Union3 hr
Sep 2, 10:35 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPWarren40 min
Sep 2, 10:51 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPDauphin, Northumberland, Snyder, Union39 min
Sep 2, 11:08 PM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPClinton37 min
Sep 2, 11:09 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPElk, McKean, Warren66 min
Sep 2, 11:13 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPDauphin, Juniata, Mifflin, Northumberland, Perry, Snyder47 min
Sep 2, 11:15 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPElk, McKean, Warren15 min
Sep 2, 11:26 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningCTPNorthumberland, Snyder, Union4 hr
Sep 2, 11:26 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPDauphin, Lebanon, Northumberland, Schuylkill, Snyder, Union49 min
Sep 2, 11:40 PM EDTRiver Flood WarningCTPCentre, Clinton16 hr
Sep 2, 11:43 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCameron, Clearfield, Clinton, Elk, Lycoming, McKean and 2 more41 min
Sep 3, 12:03 AM EDTFlash Flood WarningCTPDauphin, Lebanon, Schuylkill4 hr
Sep 3, 12:10 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPDauphin, Lancaster, Lebanon, Schuylkill50 min
Sep 3, 12:23 AM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCameron, Centre, Clearfield, Clinton, Elk, Lycoming and 3 more61 min
Sep 3, 12:27 AM EDTAreal Flood WarningCTPCentre, Clinton, Lycoming6 hr
Sep 3, 12:28 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPMcKean, Warren47 min
Sep 3, 12:50 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPLancaster, York70 min
Sep 3, 1:09 AM EDTFlash Flood WarningCTPClinton, Lycoming4 hr
Sep 3, 1:11 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPCameron, Elk, McKean49 min
Sep 3, 1:14 AM EDTAreal Flood WarningCTPCentre, Clinton, Lycoming, Union6 hr
Sep 3, 1:26 AM EDTRiver Flood WarningCTPSnyder, Union15 hr
Sep 3, 1:32 AM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPCentre, Huntingdon43 min
Sep 3, 2:12 AM EDTFlash Flood WarningCTPCentre, Clearfield, Huntingdon, Juniata, Mifflin, Perry4 hr
Sep 3, 2:42 AM EDTFlood WatchCTPAdams, Bedford, Blair, Cambria, Cameron, Centre and 27 more20 hr
Sep 3, 2:56 AM EDTFlash Flood WarningCTPMcKean, Warren3 hr
Sep 3, 3:23 AM EDTAreal Flood WarningCTPNorthumberland, Snyder, Union3 hr
Sep 3, 3:53 AM EDTAreal Flood WarningCTPDauphin, Lebanon, Schuylkill3 hr
Sep 3, 4:11 AM EDTFlash Flood WarningCTPDauphin, Lancaster, Lebanon4 hr
Sep 3, 5:03 AM EDTAreal Flood WarningCTPClinton, Lycoming117 min
Sep 3, 5:46 AM EDTAreal Flood WarningCTPCentre, Clearfield, Huntingdon, Juniata, Mifflin, Perry2 hr
Sep 3, 5:56 AM EDTAreal Flood WarningCTPMcKean, Warren3 hr
Sep 3, 6:15 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPWarren45 min
Sep 3, 6:55 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPCameron, Clearfield, Elk65 min
Sep 3, 8:37 AM EDTSpecial Weather StatementCTPSomerset23 min
Sep 3, 8:55 AM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPBedford, Somerset50 min
Sep 3, 9:34 AM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningCTPBedford, Franklin, Fulton, Somerset41 min
Sep 3, 7:01 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Considerable damage threatCTPCambria, Somerset44 min
Sep 3, 7:20 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Destructive damage threatCTPCambria, Somerset25 min
Sep 3, 7:21 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningCTPCambria, Somerset3 hr
Sep 3, 7:39 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPBedford, Cambria, Somerset36 min
Sep 3, 7:42 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm Warning Considerable damage threatCTPBedford, Blair, Cambria, Fulton, Huntingdon, Somerset48 min
Sep 3, 7:54 PM EDTTornado WarningCTPBedford, Blair, Cambria36 min

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in Pennsylvania, 2026Every tornado warning in 2026Tornadoes in 2026

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.