Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Mesoscale Discussions in 2021

Mesoscale Discussion 1872

October 16, 20215 states

The Storm Prediction Center issued this mesoscale discussion at Oct 16, 2021, 1:50 PM EDT for 5 states. It was in force for 115 min.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Oct 16, 2021, 1:50 PM EDT (17:50 UTC)
Expired
Oct 16, 2021, 3:45 PM EDT
In force
115 min
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Concerning
Severe potential...watch possible
Chance of a watch
40%
All 31 counties

Kent County, DE, New Castle County, DE, Anne Arundel County, MD, Baltimore County, MD, Cecil County, MD, City of Baltimore, MD, Harford County, MD, Howard County, MD, Kent County, MD, Prince George's County, MD, Queen Anne's County, MD, Camden County, NJ, Gloucester County, NJ, Hunterdon County, NJ, Mercer County, NJ, Morris County, NJ, Salem County, NJ, Somerset County, NJ, Warren County, NJ, Berks County, PA, Bucks County, PA, Carbon County, PA, Chester County, PA, Delaware County, PA, Lancaster County, PA, Lehigh County, PA, Montgomery County, PA, Northampton County, PA, Philadelphia County, PA, Arlington County, VA, City of Alexandria, VA

The radar

The Philadelphia radar (KDIX), 124 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 17:53 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The nearest sounding before it

Washington/Dulle, VA (KIAD), launched 12:00Z, 5.8 hours before the alert went out and 186 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Washington/Dulle, VA at 12:00Z on 2021-10-16Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Washington/Dulle, VA at 12:00Z on 2021-10-16The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 141 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
1259 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
41 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
141 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
192 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

469 
ACUS11 KWNS 161751
SWOMCD
SPC MCD 161750 
NJZ000-PAZ000-DEZ000-MDZ000-DCZ000-VAZ000-161945-

Mesoscale Discussion 1872
NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
1250 PM CDT Sat Oct 16 2021

Areas affected...Southeastern PA...Eastern MD...NJ...DE

Concerning...Severe potential...Watch possible 

Valid 161750Z - 161945Z

Probability of Watch Issuance...40 percent

SUMMARY...Line of showers and thunderstorms moving into eastern
PA/MD may produce a few damaging wind gusts as it continues eastward
over the next few hours.

DISCUSSION...A modest increase in reflectivity has been noted within
the showers/deeper convection along the leading edge of the cold
front moving through the region over the past half hour or so. The
downstream air mass has heated into the upper 70s/low 80s amid mid
60s dewpoints. As a result, a modest increase in buoyancy has
occurred, with mesoanalysis estimated MLCAPE around 250 J/kg from
eastern MD northward to the northern PA/NJ border vicinity. This
region is displaced south of the better forcing for ascent and
stronger flow aloft. However, enhanced low-level flow (sampled well
by the DOX and DIX VAD profiles) still appears strong enough to
support a damaging wind threat with any deeper, more persistent
cells. Uncertainty regarding overall coverage of strong storms
precludes higher watch probability, but convective trends will be
monitored closely.

..Mosier/Grams.. 10/16/2021

...Please see www.spc.noaa.gov for graphic product...

ATTN...WFO...PHI...BGM...CTP...LWX...

LAT...LON   40487634 41027584 41027453 40397453 38917547 38777721
            39907655 40487634

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Oct 16, 11:06 AM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBerks, Bradford, Carbon, Columbia, Cumberland, Dauphin and 20 more114 min
Oct 16, 12:35 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPCLackawanna, Luzerne, Pike, Susquehanna, Wayne, Wyoming6 hr

Nearby

Mesoscale Discussions in Pennsylvania, 2021Mesoscale Discussions in Maryland, 2021Mesoscale Discussions in New Jersey, 2021Every mesoscale discussion in 2021

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.