Alert archive / Mississippi / Flash Flood Warnings in 2019

Flash Flood Warning 27, NWS Jackson, MS

February 22, 2019Humphreys County, Leflore County, Sunflower County, Mississippi

NWS Jackson, MS issued this flash flood warning at Feb 22, 2019, 5:01 PM CST for Humphreys County, Leflore County, Sunflower County, Mississippi. It was in force for 12 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Feb 22, 2019, 5:01 PM CST (23:01 UTC)
Expired
Feb 23, 2019, 5:00 AM CST
In force
12 hr
Issued by
NWS Jackson, MS
Area
Storm-based polygon
Flood severity
None

Counties Humphreys County, MS, Leflore County, MS, Sunflower County, MS

The radar

The Jackson/Brandon,MS radar (KDGX), 137 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 23:02 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this flash flood warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Jackson, MS (KJAN), launched 12:00Z, 11.0 hours before the alert went out and 131 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Jackson, MS at 12:00Z on 2019-02-22Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 1 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Jackson, MS at 12:00Z on 2019-02-22The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 235 square meters per square second.1939587897Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-146 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
415 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
54 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
235 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
229 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.1

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

044 
WGUS54 KJAN 222301
FFWJAN
MSC053-083-133-230500-
/O.NEW.KJAN.FF.W.0027.190222T2301Z-190223T0500Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Flash Flood Warning
National Weather Service Jackson MS
501 PM CST FRI FEB 22 2019

The National Weather Service in Jackson has issued a

* Flash Flood Warning for...
  Sunflower County in northwestern Mississippi...
  Leflore County in north central Mississippi...
  Humphreys County in central Mississippi...

* Until 1100 PM CST Friday.

* At 459 PM CST, Doppler radar indicated heavy rain across the 
  warned area. Two to five inches of rain have already fallen 
  across the area today. Flash flooding is expected to begin shortly.

* Some locations that will experience flooding include...
  Greenwood, Indianola, Ruleville, Moorhead, Belzoni, Itta Bena, 
  Drew, Parchman, Sunflower, Inverness, Isola, Minter City, Quito, 
  Money, Rome, Sunnyside, Swiftown, Holly Ridge and Blaine.

Additional rainfall amounts of one to two inches are possible in the 
warned area.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.

&&

LAT...LON 3399 9045 3381 9045 3381 9019 3371 9031
      3372 9015 3365 9010 3346 9010 3334 9018
      3337 9032 3313 9033 3311 9043 3301 9037
      3301 9045 3293 9045 3292 9065 3320 9068
      3327 9076 3362 9076 3362 9066 3399 9066

$$

19
3 follow-up statements
690 
WGUS74 KJAN 230140
FFSJAN

Flash Flood Statement
National Weather Service Jackson MS
740 PM CST FRI FEB 22 2019

MSC053-083-133-230500-
/O.CON.KJAN.FF.W.0027.000000T0000Z-190223T0500Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Sunflower MS-Leflore MS-Humphreys MS-
740 PM CST FRI FEB 22 2019

...THE FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 PM CST FOR
SUNFLOWER...LEFLORE AND HUMPHREYS COUNTIES...

At 734 PM CST, Doppler radar indicated scattered showers producing 
moderate to heavy rain falling across portions of the warned area. 
Up to one inch of rain has fallen on already very saturated soils 
over the past few hours.  Flash flooding is expected to begin 
shortly.

Some locations that will experience flooding include...
Greenwood, Indianola, Ruleville, Moorhead, Belzoni, Itta Bena, Drew,
Parchman, Sunflower, Inverness, Isola, Sidon, Minter City, Quito,
Money, Rome, Sunnyside, Swiftown, Holly Ridge and Blaine.

Additional rainfall amounts near one are possible from scattered 
showers lifting north northeast across the warned area through late 
tonight.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.

&&

LAT...LON 3399 9045 3381 9045 3381 9019 3371 9031
      3372 9015 3365 9010 3346 9010 3334 9018
      3337 9032 3313 9033 3311 9043 3301 9037
      3301 9045 3293 9045 3292 9065 3320 9068
      3327 9076 3362 9076 3362 9066 3399 9066

$$

19
405 
WGUS74 KJAN 230421
FFSJAN

Flash Flood Statement
National Weather Service Jackson MS
1021 PM CST FRI FEB 22 2019

MSC053-083-230430-
/O.CAN.KJAN.FF.W.0027.000000T0000Z-190223T0500Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Leflore MS-Humphreys MS-
1021 PM CST FRI FEB 22 2019

...THE FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR LEFLORE AND HUMPHREYS COUNTIES IS
CANCELLED...

Flooding is no longer expected to pose a threat. Please continue to
heed any remaining road closures.

LAT...LON 3399 9045 3333 9045 3333 9056 3327 9056
      3327 9076 3362 9076 3362 9066 3399 9066

$$

MSC133-230500-
/O.CON.KJAN.FF.W.0027.000000T0000Z-190223T0500Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
Sunflower MS-
1021 PM CST FRI FEB 22 2019

...THE FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 PM CST FOR
SUNFLOWER COUNTY...

At 1020 PM CST, Doppler radar indicated moderate to heavy rain 
across and moving into the warned area.  Flash flooding is expected.

Some locations that will experience flooding include...
Indianola, Ruleville, Moorhead, Drew, Parchman, Sunflower, Inverness,
Rome, Holly Ridge, Blaine and Doddsville.

Additional rainfall amounts around one inch are possible in the 
warned area.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.

&&

LAT...LON 3399 9045 3333 9045 3333 9056 3327 9056
      3327 9076 3362 9076 3362 9066 3399 9066

$$

19
916 
WGUS54 KJAN 230431
FFWJAN
MSC133-231100-
/O.EXT.KJAN.FF.W.0027.000000T0000Z-190223T1100Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
Flash Flood Warning
National Weather Service Jackson MS
1031 PM CST FRI FEB 22 2019

The National Weather Service in Jackson has extended the

* Flash Flood Warning for...
  Sunflower County in northwestern Mississippi...

* Until 500 AM CST Saturday.

* At 1031 PM CST, Doppler radar indicated moderate to heavy rain 
  across northern Sunflower County, with more moderate to heavy rain 
  expected to push into western Sunflower County by midnight. Flash 
  flooding is expected.

* Some locations that will experience flooding include...
  Indianola, Ruleville, Moorhead, Drew, Parchman, Sunflower,
  Inverness, Rome, Holly Ridge, Blaine and Doddsville.

Additional rainfall amounts around two inches are possible in the 
warned area.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Turn around, don't drown when encountering flooded roads. Most flood
deaths occur in vehicles.

&&

LAT...LON 3399 9045 3333 9045 3333 9056 3327 9056
      3327 9076 3362 9076 3362 9066 3399 9066

$$

19

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Jackson, MS wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Feb 22, 4:08 PM CST, 53 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Feb 22, 4:08 PM CST, 53 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Jackson MS
408 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

...FLOODING AND SEVERE WEATHER ARE BIG CONCERNS GOING INTO THE
WEEKEND...

.DISCUSSION...

Tonight through Saturday...

More thunderstorms have developed and are moving up over the
southwestern portions of the area this afternoon. With Lapse rates
of around 6.0 to 6.5 C/km and decent shear, some of these storms
could become strong to severe. A marginal risk is in effect
generally along and west of the I-55 corridor. These storms will
continue to move north into the evening hours, and may produce
more heavy rainfall for already soaked areas along the Highway 82
corridor. These storms may produce another one to three inches
before moving north of the area overnight. We should get a break
from the heavy rainfall during the very early morning hours
through late morning, but showers will continue to be possible
through this period.

A strong disturbance aloft will approach the area from the west
Saturday morning and sweep across the area through Saturday evening.
Anticipate thunderstorms to strengthen along a pre-frontal trough by
late morning in Northeast Louisiana and approach the Mississippi
River around lunchtime. With strong shear and good instability,
tornadoes some possibly strong will be possible across areas
generally north of the I-20 corridor. An enhanced risk is in effect
for these areas. Further to the south in the slight risk area, the
forcing will be weaker, but tornadoes will be also be possible. With
lapse rates of 7.0-7.5 C/KM, large hail up to the size of golf balls
will be possible across much of the area. Further to the south
across the Pine Belt area, the severe potential will be limited due
to strong capping. A strong storm or two cannot be ruled out though.

Another issue on Saturday will be strong winds, due to a very tight
surface pressure gradient out ahead and just behind the pre-frontal
trough. GustS from 40-49 mph are likely for areas generally along
and North of the Natches Trace Corridor. A Wind advisory has been
issued for these areas. Temperatures will be very warm Saturday with
highs in the low 80s across much of the area. /15/

Saturday night through next Friday...

A diminishing threat for severe weather can be expected during the
early evening for eastern MS as a cold front ushers in drier and
more seasonable air overnight for the remainder of the weekend and
into Monday. There is a still a good deal of uncertainty after
Monday and going through the rest of next work week because of
poor model consensus. That said, the more reliable (at that time
range) European model continues to be largely dry through most of
the long range and chances of rain were kept relatively tame.
Expect temperatures to remain generally near seasonal values in
this time frame, although there will be opportunity for persistent
colder air to our northwest to spill in before the official
forecast period is over. /BB/EC/

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
Jackson       68  82  48  61 /  37  84  59   3
Meridian      67  80  50  65 /  36  75  70   5
Vicksburg     65  82  46  60 /  60  95  21   2
Hattiesburg   68  83  53  67 /  31  66  58   3
Natchez       68  81  47  62 /  37  90  22   2
Greenville    54  77  44  57 /  83  95  12   2
Greenwood     59  81  45  59 /  68  96  45   3

&&

.JAN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MS...Flash Flood Watch through Saturday evening for MSZ018-019-
     025>042.

     Wind Advisory from 10 AM Saturday to midnight CST Saturday night
     for MSZ018-019-025>028-034>037-040>044-047>049-053-059-060.

LA...Flash Flood Watch through Saturday evening for LAZ007>009-015.

     Wind Advisory from 10 AM Saturday to midnight CST Saturday night
     for LAZ008-009-015-016-023>026.

AR...Flash Flood Watch through Saturday evening for ARZ074-075.

     Wind Advisory from 10 AM Saturday to midnight CST Saturday night
     for ARZ075.

&&
Hazardous weather outlook, Feb 22, 4:43 PM CST, 18 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook
National Weather Service Jackson MS
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

ARZ074-MSZ029-232245-
Ashley-Webster-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of southeast
Arkansas, and north central Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...

FLOODING THREAT...Significant
TIMING...This afternoon through Saturday

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Enhanced
TIMING...Mainly Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...Saturday

This afternoon through saturday, widespread flash flooding is
likely and significant flooding is possible. Many roads could be
flooded or closed and some structural flooding and water rescues
are likely. Moderate to major river flooding will also be likely.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/1.png)

Mainly saturday, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes, some of
which could be strong. Some thunderstorms may produce damaging
winds up to 70 mph and large hail up to golf ball size.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/3.png)

Saturday, weak trees and limbs may break and fall due to
sustained winds up to 25 mph and wind gusts up to 39 mph. High
profile vehicles could also be affected.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region remainder
of the afternoon through Saturday night.

ARZ075-MSZ018-019-025>028-034-232245-
Chicot-Bolivar-Sunflower-Leflore-Grenada-Carroll-Montgomery-
Washington-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of southeast
Arkansas, north central Mississippi, and northwest Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...

FLOODING
THREAT...Extreme
TIMING...This afternoon through Saturday

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Enhanced
TIMING...Mainly Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Elevated
TIMING...Saturday

This afternoon through saturday, widespread and significant
flooding is likely and many roads could be flooded, closed, or
washed out. Structural flooding and water rescues are expected.
Moderate to major river flooding will be likely.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/1.png)

Mainly saturday, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes, some of
which could be strong. Some thunderstorms may produce damaging
winds up to 70 mph and large hail up to golf ball size.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/3.png)

Saturday, with the very wet conditions, trees and powerlines may
be downed,  due to sustained winds ranging from 25 to 35 mph and
potential for wind gusts over 40 mph. Travel will also be
difficult for those in high profile vehicles.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region remainder
of the afternoon through Saturday night.

MSZ032-033-232245-
Choctaw-Oktibbeha-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of central
Mississippi, and northeast Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...

FLOODING
THREAT...Elevated
TIMING...This afternoon through Saturday

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Enhanced
TIMING...Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...Saturday

This afternoon through saturday, areas of flash flooding likely
and some roads could be flooded or closed. Some structures may be
potentially threatened by high water. Minor river flooding is
also possible.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/1.png)

Saturday, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes, some of which could
be strong. Some thunderstorms may produce damaging winds up to
70 mph and large hail up to golf ball size.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/3.png)

Saturday, weak trees and limbs may break and fall due to
sustained winds up to 25 mph and wind gusts up to 39 mph. High
profile vehicles could also be affected.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region Saturday
through Saturday night.

MSZ031-232245-
Lowndes-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of northeast
Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...FLOODING THREAT...Elevated TIMING...This afternoon
through Saturday

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Slight
TIMING...Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...Saturday

This afternoon through saturday, areas of flash flooding likely
and some roads could be flooded or closed. Some structures may be
potentially threatened by high water. Minor river flooding is
also possible.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/1.png)

Saturday, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes are possible. Some
thunderstorms could produce damaging winds to 60 to 70 mph and
and large hail up to golf ball size.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/3.png)

Saturday, weak trees and limbs may break and fall due to
sustained winds up to 25 mph and wind gusts up to 39 mph. High
profile vehicles could also be affected.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region Saturday
through Saturday night.

MSZ030-232245-
Clay-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of northeast
Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...

FLOODING
THREAT...Significant
TIMING...This afternoon through Saturday

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Enhanced
TIMING...Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...Saturday

This afternoon through saturday, widespread flash flooding is
likely and significant flooding is possible. Many roads could be
flooded or closed and some structural flooding and water rescues
are likely. Moderate to major river flooding will also be likely.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/1.png)

Saturday, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes, some of which could
be strong. Some thunderstorms may produce damaging winds up to
70 mph and large hail up to golf ball size.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/3.png)

Saturday, weak trees and limbs may break and fall due to
sustained winds up to 25 mph and wind gusts up to 39 mph. High
profile vehicles could also be affected.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region Saturday
through Saturday night.

LAZ007-232245-
Morehouse-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of northeast
Louisiana.

.DAY ONE...

FLOODING
THREAT...Elevated
TIMING...This afternoon through Saturday

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Enhanced
TIMING...Mainly Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...Saturday

This afternoon through saturday, areas of flash flooding likely
and some roads could be flooded or closed. Some structures may be
potentially threatened by high water. Minor river flooding is
also possible.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/1.png)

Mainly saturday, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes, some of
which could be strong. Some thunderstorms may produce damaging
winds up to 70 mph and large hail up to golf ball size.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/3.png)

Saturday, weak trees and limbs may break and fall due to
sustained winds up to 25 mph and wind gusts up to 39 mph. High
profile vehicles could also be affected.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region remainder
of the afternoon through Saturday.

LAZ008-009-MSZ037-040-041-232245-
West Carroll-East Carroll-Attala-Issaquena-Sharkey-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of northeast
Louisiana, central Mississippi, and west central Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...

FLOODING
THREAT...Elevated
TIMING...This afternoon through Saturday

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Enhanced
TIMING...Mainly Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Elevated
TIMING...Saturday

This afternoon through saturday, areas of flash flooding likely
and some roads could be flooded or closed. Some structures may be
potentially threatened by high water. Minor river flooding is
also possible.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/1.png)

Mainly saturday, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes, some of
which could be strong. Some thunderstorms may produce damaging
winds up to 70 mph and large hail up to golf ball size.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/3.png)

Saturday, with the very wet conditions, trees and powerlines may
be downed,  due to sustained winds ranging from 25 to 35 mph and
potential for wind gusts over 40 mph. Travel will also be
difficult for those in high profile vehicles.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region remainder
of the afternoon through Saturday night.

LAZ015-MSZ042-232245-
Richland-Yazoo-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of northeast
Louisiana, and central Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...

FLOODING
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...This afternoon through Saturday

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Enhanced
TIMING...Mainly Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Elevated
TIMING...Saturday

This afternoon through saturday, localized flash flooding is
possible, particularly in low lying and urban areas. Minor river
flooding is also possible.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/1.png)

Mainly saturday, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes, some of
which could be strong. Some thunderstorms may produce damaging
winds up to 70 mph and large hail up to golf ball size.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/3.png)

Saturday, with the very wet conditions, trees and powerlines may
be downed,  due to sustained winds ranging from 25 to 35 mph and
potential for wind gusts over 40 mph. Travel will also be
difficult for those in high profile vehicles.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region remainder
of the afternoon through Saturday.

MSZ035-036-232245-
Humphreys-Holmes-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of central
Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...

FLOODING
THREAT...Significant
TIMING...This afternoon through Saturday

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Enhanced
TIMING...Mainly Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Elevated
TIMING...Saturday

This afternoon through saturday, widespread flash flooding is
likely and significant flooding is possible. Many roads could be
flooded or closed and some structural flooding and water rescues
are likely. Moderate to major river flooding will also be likely.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/1.png)

Mainly saturday, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes, some of
which could be strong. Some thunderstorms may produce damaging
winds up to 70 mph and large hail up to golf ball size.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/3.png)

Saturday, with the very wet conditions, trees and powerlines may
be downed,  due to sustained winds ranging from 25 to 35 mph and
potential for wind gusts over 40 mph. Travel will also be
difficult for those in high profile vehicles.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday
The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region remainder
of the afternoon through Saturday night.

MSZ044-232245-
Leake-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of central
Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...

FLOODING
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...This afternoon through Saturday

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Slight
TIMING...Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Elevated
TIMING...Saturday

This afternoon through saturday, localized flash flooding is
possible, particularly in low lying and urban areas. Minor river
flooding is also possible.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/1.png)

Saturday, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes are possible. Some
thunderstorms could produce damaging winds to 60 to 70 mph and
and large hail up to golf ball size.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/3.png)

Saturday, with the very wet conditions, trees and powerlines may
be downed,  due to sustained winds ranging from 25 to 35 mph and
potential for wind gusts over 40 mph. Travel will also be
difficult for those in high profile vehicles.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region Saturday
through Saturday night.

MSZ039-045-046-050>052-055>058-061>065-232245-
Noxubee-Neshoba-Kemper-Scott-Newton-Lauderdale-Simpson-Smith-
Jasper-Clarke-Franklin MS-Lincoln-Lawrence-Jefferson Davis-
Covington-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of central
Mississippi, east central Mississippi, and south central
Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...

FLOODING
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...This afternoon through Saturday

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Slight
TIMING...Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...Saturday

This afternoon through saturday, localized flash flooding is
possible, particularly in low lying and urban areas. Minor river
flooding is also possible.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/1.png)

Saturday, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes are possible. Some
thunderstorms could produce damaging winds to 60 to 70 mph and
and large hail up to golf ball size.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/3.png)

Saturday, weak trees and limbs may break and fall due to
sustained winds up to 25 mph and wind gusts up to 39 mph. High
profile vehicles could also be affected.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region remainder
of the afternoon and Saturday through Saturday night.

MSZ038-232245-
Winston-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of east central
Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...

FLOODING
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...This afternoon through Saturday

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Enhanced
TIMING...Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...Saturday

This afternoon through saturday, localized flash flooding is
possible, particularly in low lying and urban areas. Minor river
flooding is also possible.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/1.png)

Saturday, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes, some of which could
be strong. Some thunderstorms may produce damaging winds up to
70 mph and large hail up to golf ball size.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/3.png)

Saturday, weak trees and limbs may break and fall due to
sustained winds up to 25 mph and wind gusts up to 39 mph. High
profile vehicles could also be affected.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region Saturday
through Saturday night.

LAZ016-023>026-MSZ043-047>049-053-059-232245-
Madison LA-Franklin LA-Catahoula-Tensas-Concordia-Madison MS-
Warren-Hinds-Rankin-Claiborne-Jefferson-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of northeast
Louisiana, central Mississippi, southwest Mississippi, and west
central Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...

FLOODING
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...This afternoon through Saturday

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Slight
TIMING...Mainly Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Elevated
TIMING...Saturday

This afternoon through saturday, localized flash flooding is
possible, particularly in low lying and urban areas. Minor river
flooding is also possible.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/1.png)

Mainly saturday, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes are possible.
Some thunderstorms could produce damaging winds to 60 to 70 mph
and and large hail up to golf ball size.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/3.png)

Saturday, with the very wet conditions, trees and powerlines may
be downed,  due to sustained winds ranging from 25 to 35 mph and
potential for wind gusts over 40 mph. Travel will also be
difficult for those in high profile vehicles.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region remainder
of the afternoon through Saturday night.

MSZ060-232245-
Adams-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of southwest
Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Slight
TIMING...Mainly Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Elevated
TIMING...Saturday

Mainly saturday, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes are possible.
Some thunderstorms could produce damaging winds to 60 to 70 mph
and and large hail up to golf ball size.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/3.png)

Saturday, with the very wet conditions, trees and powerlines may
be downed,  due to sustained winds ranging from 25 to 35 mph and
potential for wind gusts over 40 mph. Travel will also be
difficult for those in high profile vehicles.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region remainder
of the afternoon through Saturday.

MSZ054-232245-
Copiah-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of central
Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...

FLOODING
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...This afternoon through Saturday

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Slight
TIMING...Mainly Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...Saturday

This afternoon through saturday, localized flash flooding is
possible, particularly in low lying and urban areas. Minor river
flooding is also possible.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/1.png)

Mainly saturday, severe thunderstorms and tornadoes are possible.
Some thunderstorms could produce damaging winds to 60 to 70 mph
and and large hail up to golf ball size.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/3.png)

Saturday, weak trees and limbs may break and fall due to
sustained winds up to 25 mph and wind gusts up to 39 mph. High
profile vehicles could also be affected.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region remainder
of the afternoon through Saturday night.

MSZ066-232245-
Jones-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of southeast
Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...

FLOODING
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...This afternoon through Saturday

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Marginal
TIMING...Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...Saturday

This afternoon through saturday, localized flash flooding is
possible, particularly in low lying and urban areas. Minor river
flooding is also possible.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/1.png)

Saturday, isolated severe thunderstorms are possible. Some
thunderstorms could produce damaging wind gusts and hail. A
tornado cannot be ruled out.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/2.png)

Saturday, weak trees and limbs may break and fall due to
sustained winds up to 25 mph and wind gusts up to 39 mph. High
profile vehicles could also be affected.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region Saturday
through Saturday night.

MSZ072>074-232245-
Marion-Lamar-Forrest-
443 PM CST Fri Feb 22 2019

This hazardous weather outlook is for portions of south central
Mississippi, and southeast Mississippi.

.DAY ONE...

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS
THREAT...Marginal
TIMING...Saturday

NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS
THREAT...Limited
TIMING...Saturday

Saturday, isolated severe thunderstorms are possible. Some
thunderstorms could produce damaging wind gusts and hail. A
tornado cannot be ruled out.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/2.png)

Saturday, weak trees and limbs may break and fall due to
sustained winds up to 25 mph and wind gusts up to 39 mph. High
profile vehicles could also be affected.

(https://www.weather.gov/images/jan/graphicast/4.png)

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Saturday night through Thursday

The probability for widespread hazardous weather is low.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
The activation of storm spotters, HAM radio operators, and
emergency management personnel in support of severe weather
operations may be needed for portions of the region Saturday
through Saturday night.

15

&&

...HAZARD LEGEND...

*SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS*
High...Significant severe thunderstorms and tornadoes are
 likely with strong or violent tornadoes possible.
Moderate...Significant severe thunderstorms and tornadoes are
 likely with strong tornadoes possible.
Enhanced...Severe thunderstorms are likely and tornadoes are
 possible.
Slight...Severe thunderstorms and tornadoes are possible.
Marginal...Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible.

*FLOODING*
Extreme...Widespread and significant flooding is likely.
Significant...Widespread flash flooding is likely
 and significant flooding is possible.
Elevated...Areas of flash flooding likely.
Limited...Localized flash flooding is possible.

*NON-THUNDERSTORM WINDS*
Significant...Scattered downed trees and power lines are likely
 due to sustained winds over 35 mph and potential wind gusts
 greater than 50 mph.
Elevated...A few downed trees and power lines are possible due
 to sustained winds ranging from 25 to 35 mph and potential for
 wind gusts over 40 mph. Travel will also be difficult for those
 in high profile vehicles.
Limited...Weak trees and limbs may break and fall due to
 sustained winds up to 25 mph and wind gusts around 35 mph.
 High profile vehicles could also be affected.

...USEFUL WEATHER WEB PAGES (URLS)...

NWS JAN Home page...
   https://www.weather.gov/jan
Stay Aware, Stay Safe NWS JAN Briefing Page...
   https://www.weather.gov/jan/safe
Latest Weather Briefing...
   https://www.weather.gov/jan/weather_briefing

Find NWS JAN on Facebook...
   https://www.facebook.com/NWSJacksonMS
Follow NWS JAN on Twitter...
   @NWSJacksonMS
Follow NWS JAN on Youtube...
   https://www.youtube.com/user/NWSJacksonMiss

...ADDITIONAL URLS FOR SEVERE WEATHER ISSUES...

Storm Prediction Center (SPC)...
   https://www.spc.noaa.gov/
Meso Analysis...
   https://www.spc.noaa.gov/exper/mesoanalysis/
Day 1 through 3 Outlooks...
   https://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/outlook/
Storm Reports...
   https://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/online/
...ADDITIONAL URLS FOR FLOODING ISSUES...

Current Watches and Warnings...
   https://www.weather.gov/jan/safe_HeavyRain

Observed Precipitation Images...
   https://www.weather.gov/jan/precipmaps

River Forecast Center...
   https://www.weather.gov/lmrfc/
Significant River Flood Outlook...
   https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/nationalfloodoutlook/index.html
Day 1 through 3 Excessive Rainfall...
   https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/excess_rain.shtml
Excessive Rainfall Discussion...
   https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/qpferd.html
Day 1 through 7 QPF...
   https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/qpf2.shtml
QPF Discussion...
   https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/discussions/qpfpfd.html

In the hours before

Local storm report, Feb 22, 1:05 PM CST, 3 hours 56 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
105 PM CST FRI FEB 22 2019

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1220 PM     FLASH FLOOD      2 SSE BURDETT           33.33N 90.90W
02/22/2019                   WASHINGTON         MS   EMERGENCY MNGR

            CONTINUED FLOODING IN THE COUNTY.

&&

CE
Local storm report, Feb 22, 1:32 PM CST, 3 hours 29 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
132 PM CST FRI FEB 22 2019

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0130 PM     FLASH FLOOD      1 WSW HOLCOMB           33.75N 90.00W
02/22/2019                   GRENADA            MS   EMERGENCY MNGR

            CONTINUED ON-GOING FLOODING ACROSS THE
            COUNTY, NUMEROUS ROADS FLOODED, MANY CLOSED.

&&

CE
Local storm report, Feb 22, 1:53 PM CST, 3 hours 8 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
153 PM CST FRI FEB 22 2019

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0100 PM     FLASH FLOOD      1 S JENNIE              33.24N 91.29W
02/22/2019                   CHICOT             AR   EMERGENCY MNGR

            ROUGHLY 80% OF COUNTY ROADS ARE FLOODED TO
            SOME EXTEND WITH SOME CLOSED.

&&

CE
Local storm report, Feb 22, 1:55 PM CST, 3 hours 6 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
155 PM CST FRI FEB 22 2019

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0140 PM     FLASH FLOOD      1 ESE PORTLAND          33.23N 91.49W
02/22/2019                   ASHLEY             AR   DEPT OF HIGHWAYS

            ALL LANES OF HWY 160 IS CLOSED E OF PORTLAND
            DUE TO FLOODING OF HWY 160.

&&

CE
Local storm report, Feb 22, 2:09 PM CST, 2 hours 52 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
209 PM CST FRI FEB 22 2019

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1230 PM     FLASH FLOOD      1 NW CALEDONIA          33.70N 88.34W
02/22/2019                   LOWNDES            MS   PUBLIC

            A VEHICLE WAS STUCK WITH PEOPLE INSIDE NEAR
            LAWRENCE BRIDGE RD WHICH RESULTED IN A WATER
            RESCUE.

&&
Special weather statement, Feb 22, 4:31 PM CST, 30 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Jackson MS
431 PM CST FRI FEB 22 2019

MSZ062-222315-
Lincoln MS-
431 PM CST FRI FEB 22 2019

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT SOUTHEASTERN LINCOLN COUNTY
UNTIL 515 PM CST...

At 430 PM CST, Meteorologists were tracking a strong thunderstorm
near Summit, or near Mccomb, moving northeast at 20 mph.

Dime size hail and winds in excess of 40 mph will be possible with
this storm.

This strong thunderstorm will be near...
  Bogue Chitto around 445 PM CST.
  Enterprise and Ruth around 455 PM CST.
  East Lincoln around 510 PM CST.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

Torrential rainfall is also occurring with this storm, and may lead
to localized flooding. Do not drive your vehicle through flooded
roadways.

High winds can bring down trees and large limbs resulting in serious
injury or property damage. Exercise extreme caution when outdoors
during such strong winds...and be especially aware of older trees.

&&

LAT...LON 3135 9055 3163 9025 3135 9024
TIME...MOT...LOC 2230Z 230DEG 19KT 3134 9047

19

The office that day

Everything else NWS Jackson, MS issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Feb 21, 7:24 PM CSTRiver Flood WarningJANLeflore16 days
Feb 21, 7:26 PM CSTFlash Flood WarningJANCarroll, Grenada, Montgomery6 hr
Feb 22, 2:50 AM CSTSpecial Weather StatementJANGrenada25 min
Feb 22, 3:16 AM CSTFlash Flood WarningJANCarroll, Grenada, Montgomery3 hr
Feb 22, 5:33 AM CSTFlash Flood WarningJANLeflore, Sunflower, Washington3 hr
Feb 22, 6:13 AM CSTFlash Flood Warning EmergencyJANCarroll, Grenada3 hr
Feb 22, 7:27 AM CSTFlash Flood WarningJANBolivar, Leflore, Sunflower, Washington3 hr
Feb 22, 8:23 AM CSTFlash Flood WarningJANCarroll, Grenada, Leflore, Montgomery6 hr
Feb 22, 8:46 AM CSTFlash Flood WarningJANLeflore, Sunflower, Washington3 hr
Feb 22, 9:18 AM CSTFlash Flood Warning EmergencyJANCarroll, Grenada4 hr
Feb 22, 9:50 AM CSTRiver Flood WarningJANHumphreys24 days
Feb 22, 10:30 AM CSTRiver Flood WarningJANHinds, Rankin23 hr
Feb 22, 10:35 AM CSTFlash Flood WarningJANBolivar, Sunflower, Washington4 hr
Feb 22, 11:11 AM CSTFlash Flood WarningJANClay, Lowndes, Oktibbeha, Webster3 hr
Feb 22, 11:21 AM CSTFlash Flood WarningJANCarroll, Choctaw, Montgomery, Webster3 hr
Feb 22, 11:44 AM CSTFlash Flood WarningJANLeflore, Sunflower, Washington3 hr
Feb 22, 12:00 PM CSTRiver Flood WarningJANClay, Lowndes5 days
Feb 22, 1:16 PM CSTFlash Flood WarningJANCarroll, Grenada3 hr
Feb 22, 2:14 PM CSTAreal Flood WarningJANChoctaw, Clay, Lowndes, Oktibbeha, Webster18 hr
Feb 22, 2:19 PM CSTAreal Flood WarningJANCarroll, Grenada, Leflore, Montgomery21 hr
Feb 22, 2:27 PM CSTAreal Flood WarningJANBolivar, Sunflower, Washington12 hr
Feb 22, 3:20 PM CSTWind AdvisoryJANAdams, Attala, Bolivar, Carroll, Claiborne, Grenada and 15 more33 hr
Feb 22, 4:31 PM CSTSpecial Weather StatementJANLincoln44 min
Feb 22, 5:11 PM CSTFlash Flood WarningJANCarroll, Grenada, Holmes, Montgomery5 hr
Feb 22, 5:37 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningJANLawrence52 min
Feb 22, 5:46 PM CSTSpecial Weather StatementJANMarion44 min

Nearby

Flash Flood Warnings in Mississippi, 2019Every flash flood warning in 2019

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.