Alert archive / North Carolina / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2017
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 191, NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 15, 2017, 2:35 PM EDT for Cabarrus County, Rowan County, North Carolina. It was in force for 25 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Jul 15, 2017, 2:35 PM EDT (18:35 UTC)
- Expired
- Jul 15, 2017, 3:00 PM EDT
- In force
- 25 min
- Issued by
- NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Hail
- 1.0 in
- Wind
- 60.0 mph
Counties Cabarrus County, NC, Rowan County, NC
The radar
The Raleigh/Durham radar (KRAX), 160 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 18:38 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 15, 2:35 PM EDT | HAIL 0.5 | 2 Ese Gold Hill, NC | HAIL UP TO THE SIZE OF MARBLES FELL FOR 3 TO 4 MINUTES. THE WIND WAS STRONG ENOUGH TO BLOW DOWN SMALL LIMBS AND BLOW PATIO FURNITURE SEVERAL FEET. THIS OCCURRED AT GOLD HILL AIRPARK. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Greensboro/Hi Pt, NC (KGSO), launched 12:00Z, 6.6 hours before the alert went out and 69 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 306 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -89 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1239 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 17 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- -50 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 46 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- -0.1
The text
As transmitted.
696
WUUS52 KGSP 151835
SVRGSP
NCC025-159-151900-
/O.NEW.KGSP.SV.W.0191.170715T1835Z-170715T1900Z/
BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
235 PM EDT SAT JUL 15 2017
The National Weather Service in Greenville-Spartanburg has issued a
* Severe Thunderstorm Warning for...
Northeastern Cabarrus County in the Piedmont of North Carolina...
Southeastern Rowan County in the Piedmont of North Carolina...
* Until 300 PM EDT
* At 235 PM EDT, a severe thunderstorm was located 11 miles northwest
of Badin Lake, or 6 miles east of Rockwell, moving southeast at 15
mph.
HAZARD...60 mph wind gusts and quarter size hail.
SOURCE...Radar indicated.
IMPACT...Minor hail damage to vehicles is expected. Expect wind
damage to trees and power lines.
* Locations impacted include...
Gold Hill, High Rock and High Rock Lake.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Scattered trees and power lines will be blown down in the warned
area. Seek shelter inside an interior room.
Please report damaging winds, hail, or flooding to the National
Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg by calling toll free, 1, 800,
2 6 7, 8 1 0 1, or by posting on our Facebook page, or Tweet it using
hashtag nwsgsp. Your message should describe the event and the
specific location where it occurred.
&&
LAT...LON 3550 8029 3543 8035 3547 8042 3563 8031
3561 8024 3558 8021 3555 8021 3554 8020
3553 8020 3552 8018 3550 8018
TIME...MOT...LOC 1835Z 298DEG 13KT 3552 8029
HAIL...1.00IN
WIND...60MPH
$$
CARROLL1 follow-up statement
023
WWUS52 KGSP 151851
SVSGSP
Severe Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
251 PM EDT SAT JUL 15 2017
NCC025-159-151900-
/O.EXP.KGSP.SV.W.0191.000000T0000Z-170715T1900Z/
Cabarrus NC-Rowan NC-
251 PM EDT SAT JUL 15 2017
...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR NORTHEASTERN CABARRUS AND
SOUTHEASTERN ROWAN COUNTIES WILL EXPIRE AT 300 PM EDT...
The storm which prompted the warning has moved out of the area.
Therefore the warning will be allowed to expire.
LAT...LON 3550 8029 3543 8035 3547 8042 3563 8031
3561 8024 3558 8021 3555 8021 3554 8020
3553 8020 3552 8018 3550 8018
TIME...MOT...LOC 1850Z 298DEG 13KT 3550 8024
$$
CARROLLWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 15, 2:13 PM EDT, 22 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Jul 15, 2:13 PM EDT, 22 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
213 PM EDT Sat Jul 15 2017
.SYNOPSIS...
Hot and humid conditions will persist through the weekend, with
scattered to numerous afternoon and evening thunderstorms each day.
A cold front will move into the region from the northwest and stall
near the area through Sunday. Another cold front will approach on
Monday and move southeast of the area on Tuesday, with drier and
warmer conditions arriving by the middle of next week.
&&
.NEAR TERM /THROUGH SUNDAY/...
As of 200 PM EDT Saturday: The weak cold front has generally moved
south of the area, as evidenced by WNW winds across most of the
Piedmont, but moisture associated with the upper trough will
continue to move across the area with high PW values near 2" and a
potent little vort max swinging through. Deep layer shear isn't
impressive, and while we do have some steering flow, convective
development continues upstream of current convection, leading to
training storms and a heavy rain threat (with associated Slight Risk
of Excessive Rain from WPC). We remain in Marginal Risk for the SPC
outlook with a low-end wind and hail threat (with slightly improved
lapse rates aloft and some area for hail growth). Despite the
proximity of the front, dCAPEs are actually fairly low, generally
<700J/kg across the area, so storms might not be able to get as
intense as quickly as they did yesterday...which also leads one to
believe this might evolve into more of a heavy rain threat. Basin-
average QPFs are not that all impressive so flash flooding would be
localized, so do not really feel a Flash Flood Watch is warranted.
Convection should wane overnight, but should pick up at least across
southern zones on Sunday. Some of the hires models want to develop
some showery activity across the northern tier as well so have kept
pops a little higher, but these may need to be pulled back down with
later forecasts. Temperatures will be improving through the period,
with highs today near seasonal normals, lows tonight just slightly
above and highs tomorrow actually a couple of degrees below.
&&
.SHORT TERM /SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY/...
As of 130 PM EDT Saturday: A shortwave embedded in upper longwave
troughing will cross the area Sunday night as a surface front
settles over the forecast area. The front will wash out on Monday as
heights aloft fall and another potent shortwave rounds the trough
base, so widespread showers and thunderstorms are anticipated once
again on Monday. Another front will descend from the northwest on
Monday night and will stall near the forecast area Tuesday,
providing a focus for enhanced diurnal convection in the afternoon.
Mid-level dry air makes an entrance Monday and Tuesday, and with
respectable instability both days, some type of wet microburst
threat is possible. Temperatures will be near climo.
&&
.LONG TERM /TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY/...
As of 100 PM EDT Saturday: The medium range begins Tuesday night
immediately post-frontal passage with a few lingering showers and
thunderstorms. Upper troughing lifts by Wednesday, though there is
some model disagreement in just how far the front is able to
progress as it washes out on Wednesday. Strong upper ridging builds
over the central Plains on Wednesday to exert some influence on the
southeast, though, so maximum temperatures were increased and
"silent 10" pops remain. The extent to which drier air will be able
to work in as the ridge continues to build Thursday and Friday is
also uncertain, but enough moisture lingers in the global model
solutions that slight chance pops were maintained both afternoons. A
back door front dips down from the northeast as upper heights fall
again on Saturday, bringing pops close to climo back into the
forecast. Maximum and minimum temperatures during the middle and end
of next week will be above climo through the period, though the
extent is uncertain due to model inconsistencies in handling the
sprawling high over the central Plains.
&&
.AVIATION /18Z SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY/...
At KCLT and Elsewhere: Convection developing and becoming more
widespread across the area, though still fairly sparse across most
of the Piedmont. Have started all TAFs but KAND with VCTS (KAND at
19z) but with TEMPO TSRA and VRB gusty winds. As the front sags
south, convection should diminish 00-03z or so. Expect another round
of restrictions, probably LIFR, at KAVL, and have brough in some VFR
fog at KHKY, but would not be surprised if other TAFs have morning
fog restrictions as well. With the front stalling across southern
areas, should see an increase in convection again Sunday late
morning, and have introduced PROB30s to account for this. Winds
starting out W to WNW at TAF time, should veer around clockwise to
N/NE/ENE through the end of the period.
Outlook: Scattered to numerous afternoon and evening thunderstorms
are expected through Monday across the area, with higher coverage in
the mountains. Morning fog development can be expected in the
mountain valleys and in areas that receive rainfall the previous
afternoon/evening.
Confidence Table...
18-24Z 00-06Z 06-12Z 12-18Z
KCLT High 100% High 100% High 100% High 100%
KGSP High 100% High 100% High 100% High 100%
KAVL High 100% High 97% Med 71% High 85%
KHKY High 100% High 100% High 100% High 100%
KGMU High 100% High 100% High 100% High 100%
KAND High 100% High 100% High 100% High 100%
The percentage reflects the number of guidance members agreeing
with the scheduled TAF issuance flight rule category. Complete hourly
experimental aviation forecast consistency tables and ensemble forecasts
are available at the following link:
www.weather.gov/gsp/aviation
&&
.GSP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
GA...None.
NC...None.
SC...None.
&&
SYNOPSIS...Carroll
NEAR TERM...TDP
SHORT TERM...Carroll
LONG TERM...Carroll
AVIATION...TDPHazardous weather outlook, Jul 15, 5:07 AM EDT, 9 hours 28 minutes before
Hazardous Weather Outlook National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC 507 AM EDT Sat Jul 15 2017 GAZ010-017-018-026-028-029-NCZ033-035>037-048>053-056>059-062>065- 068>072-082-501>510-SCZ001>014-019-160915- Rabun-Habersham-Stephens-Franklin-Hart-Elbert-Avery-Alexander- Iredell-Davie-Madison-Yancey-Mitchell-Swain-Haywood-Buncombe-Catawba- Rowan-Graham-Northern Jackson-Macon-Southern Jackson-Transylvania- Henderson-Cleveland-Lincoln-Gaston-Mecklenburg-Cabarrus-Union- Caldwell Mountains-Greater Caldwell-Burke Mountains-Greater Burke- McDowell Mountains-Eastern McDowell-Rutherford Mountains- Greater Rutherford-Polk Mountains-Eastern Polk-Oconee Mountains- Pickens Mountains-Greenville Mountains-Greater Oconee- Greater Pickens-Greater Greenville-Spartanburg-Cherokee-York- Anderson-Abbeville-Laurens-Chester-Greenwood- 507 AM EDT Sat Jul 15 2017 This Hazardous Weather Outlook is for northeast Georgia, piedmont North Carolina, western North Carolina and upstate South Carolina. .DAY ONE...Today and Tonight. Scattered to numerous thunderstorms are expected to develop over the area this afternoon and evening. A few of the storms are expected to become briefly severe, with damaging downburst winds being the main threat, although hail to the size of quarters could also occur. Locally heavy rainfall and frequent cloud to ground lightning can occur with any thunderstorm. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...Sunday through Friday. ..Sunday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time. ..Monday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time. ..Tuesday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time. ..Wednesday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time. ..Thursday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time. ..Friday...No hazardous weather is expected at this time. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... None. LANE
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Jul 15, 1:49 PM EDT, 46 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
149 PM EDT SAT JUL 15 2017
SCZ003-006-151815-
Greenville Mountains SC-Greater Greenville SC-
149 PM EDT SAT JUL 15 2017
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTH CENTRAL GREENVILLE COUNTY
UNTIL 215 PM EDT...
At 148 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 10
miles northwest of Greenville Downtown, or near Travelers Rest,
moving east at 10 mph.
Locations to be impacted include...
Greenville Downtown, Travelers Rest, Slater-Marietta, Paris Mountain
State Park, Tigerville, Cherrydale Point, Furman University, Lake
Robinson, Pleasant Ridge State Park and Taylors.
Wind gusts up to 45 mph, half inch hail and very heavy rainfall rates
up to 2 inches per hour will be possible in these areas.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
The combination of gusty winds and saturated soil conditions will
cause scattered trees and power lines to fall. Seek shelter inside an
interior room.
This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio and tv
stations, as well as local cable tv outlets for additional
information and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.
&&
LAT...LON 3492 8252 3493 8252 3496 8253 3497 8253
3498 8255 3498 8253 3500 8254 3501 8254
3502 8255 3509 8253 3508 8229 3487 8235
TIME...MOT...LOC 1748Z 285DEG 9KT 3499 8248
CARROLLSpecial weather statement, Jul 15, 1:51 PM EDT, 44 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
151 PM EDT SAT JUL 15 2017
SCZ003-007-151815-
Greenville Mountains SC-Spartanburg SC-
151 PM EDT SAT JUL 15 2017
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTHEASTERN GREENVILLE AND
NORTHWESTERN SPARTANBURG COUNTIES UNTIL 215 PM EDT...
At 151 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 10
miles south of Columbus, or near Campobello, moving southeast at 10
mph.
Locations to be impacted include...
Landrum, Wellford, Inman, Campobello, Lake Bowen, Lyman, Gowensville
and Fingerville.
Wind gusts up to 45 mph, half inch hail and very heavy rainfall rates
up to 2 inches per hour will be possible in these areas.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio and tv
stations, as well as local cable tv outlets for additional
information and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.
&&
LAT...LON 3503 8222 3506 8222 3505 8226 3510 8232
3520 8225 3519 8209 3516 8192 3493 8209
TIME...MOT...LOC 1751Z 294DEG 7KT 3510 8217
CARROLLSpecial weather statement, Jul 15, 1:53 PM EDT, 42 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
153 PM EDT SAT JUL 15 2017
NCZ064-065-SCZ003-151830-
Transylvania NC-Henderson NC-Greenville Mountains SC-
153 PM EDT SAT JUL 15 2017
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT SOUTHEASTERN TRANSYLVANIA...
SOUTHWESTERN HENDERSON AND NORTHWESTERN GREENVILLE COUNTIES UNTIL 230
PM EDT...
At 153 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 4
miles southeast of Brevard, or near Dupont State Forest, moving
southeast at 10 mph.
Locations to be impacted include...
Brevard, Jones Gap State Park, Dupont State Forest, Caesars Head
State Park, Flat Rock, Etowah, Tuxedo, Penrose, Connestee and Crab
Creek.
Wind gusts up to 45 mph, half inch hail and very heavy rainfall rates
up to 2 inches per hour will be possible in these areas.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio and tv
stations, as well as local cable tv outlets for additional
information and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.
&&
LAT...LON 3526 8240 3501 8255 3503 8259 3504 8259
3504 8260 3506 8259 3506 8257 3507 8257
3506 8264 3515 8278 3533 8269
TIME...MOT...LOC 1753Z 294DEG 7KT 3520 8266
CARROLLSpecial weather statement, Jul 15, 2:14 PM EDT, 21 minutes before
Special Weather Statement National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC 214 PM EDT SAT JUL 15 2017 SCZ005-006-010-151845- Greater Pickens SC-Anderson SC-Greater Greenville SC- 214 PM EDT SAT JUL 15 2017 ...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT CENTRAL GREENVILLE...NORTH CENTRAL ANDERSON AND EAST CENTRAL PICKENS COUNTIES UNTIL 245 PM EDT... At 214 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm near Easley, moving southeast at 10 mph. Locations to be impacted include... Greenville Downtown, Easley, West Greenville, Berea, Welcome, Powdersville, Cherrydale Point and Piedmont. Wind gusts up to 45 mph, half inch hail and very heavy rainfall rates up to 2 inches per hour will be possible in these areas. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio and tv stations, as well as local cable tv outlets for additional information and possible warnings from the National Weather Service. && LAT...LON 3480 8269 3492 8261 3489 8236 3465 8250 TIME...MOT...LOC 1814Z 294DEG 7KT 3484 8261 CARROLL
Special weather statement, Jul 15, 2:28 PM EDT, 7 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
228 PM EDT SAT JUL 15 2017
SCZ003-006>008-151900-
Cherokee SC-Greenville Mountains SC-Spartanburg SC-
Greater Greenville SC-
228 PM EDT SAT JUL 15 2017
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTHEASTERN GREENVILLE...
NORTHERN SPARTANBURG AND WEST CENTRAL CHEROKEE COUNTIES UNTIL 300 PM
EDT...
At 228 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 6
miles northwest of Spartanburg, or over Boiling Springs SC, moving
southeast at 15 mph.
Locations to be impacted include...
Spartanburg, Boiling Springs SC, Landrum, Cowpens, Wellford, Inman,
Mayo, Campobello, Lake Bowen and USC Upstate.
Wind gusts up to 45 mph, half inch hail and very heavy rainfall rates
up to 2 inches per hour will be possible in these areas.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
This storm may intensify, so be certain to monitor local radio and tv
stations, as well as local cable tv outlets for additional
information and possible warnings from the National Weather Service.
&&
LAT...LON 3505 8234 3520 8221 3519 8214 3508 8173
3485 8189
TIME...MOT...LOC 1828Z 298DEG 13KT 3503 8197
CARROLLSpecial weather statement, Jul 15, 2:31 PM EDT, 4 minutes before
Special Weather Statement
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
231 PM EDT SAT JUL 15 2017
NCZ057-072-151900-
Rowan NC-Cabarrus NC-
231 PM EDT SAT JUL 15 2017
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTHEASTERN CABARRUS AND
SOUTHEASTERN ROWAN COUNTIES UNTIL 300 PM EDT...
At 230 PM EDT, Doppler radar was tracking a strong thunderstorm 12
miles southeast of Salisbury, or 5 miles east of Rockwell, moving
southeast at 15 mph.
Locations to be impacted include...
Rockwell, Gold Hill, High Rock and High Rock Lake.
Wind gusts up to 50 mph, dime size hail and very heavy rainfall rates
up to 2 inches per hour will be possible in these areas.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
The combination of gusty winds and saturated soil conditions will
cause scattered trees and power lines to fall. Seek shelter inside an
interior room.
&&
LAT...LON 3550 8029 3544 8034 3550 8044 3566 8033
3562 8025 3558 8021 3555 8021 3554 8020
3553 8020 3551 8018
TIME...MOT...LOC 1830Z 298DEG 13KT 3555 8031
CARROLLThe office that day
Everything else NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 15, 12:56 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Henderson | 49 min |
| Jul 15, 1:04 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Henderson, Polk, Transylvania | 41 min |
| Jul 15, 1:53 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Henderson | 37 min |
| Jul 15, 2:20 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Gaston, Mecklenburg | 40 min |
| Jul 15, 2:31 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Rowan | 29 min |
| Jul 15, 2:40 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Transylvania | 50 min |
| Jul 15, 2:43 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Cleveland | 32 min |
| Jul 15, 2:48 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | McDowell | 27 min |
| Jul 15, 2:55 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | McDowell, Rutherford | 50 min |
| Jul 15, 3:10 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Mecklenburg | 35 min |
| Jul 15, 3:19 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Burke | 26 min |
| Jul 15, 3:22 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Burke | 53 min |
| Jul 15, 3:27 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Cleveland | 33 min |
| Jul 15, 3:32 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Alexander | 28 min |
| Jul 15, 3:34 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Cleveland, Gaston | 41 min |
| Jul 15, 3:43 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Union | 47 min |
| Jul 15, 3:48 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Burke, Catawba | 42 min |
| Jul 15, 4:27 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Alexander, Catawba, Iredell, Lincoln | 48 min |
| Jul 15, 5:05 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | GSP | Cabarrus, Catawba, Davie, Iredell, Mecklenburg, Rowan | 40 min |
| Jul 15, 5:48 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Rowan | 42 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in North Carolina, 2017Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2017
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.