Alert archive / Alabama / Tornado Watches in 2016

Tornado Watch 511

November 30, 201628 counties in Alabama; 16 counties in Georgia; 12 counties in Tennessee

The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at Nov 30, 2016, 2:54 AM CST for 28 counties in Alabama; 16 counties in Georgia; 12 counties in Tennessee. It was in force for 7 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Nov 30, 2016, 2:54 AM CST (08:54 UTC)
Expired
Nov 30, 2016, 10:00 AM CST
In force
7 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Largest hail expected
1 in
Strongest gust expected
60 kt
All 56 counties

Bibb County, AL, Blount County, AL, Calhoun County, AL, Cherokee County, AL, Chilton County, AL, Cleburne County, AL, Cullman County, AL, DeKalb County, AL, Etowah County, AL, Fayette County, AL, Greene County, AL, Hale County, AL, Jackson County, AL, Jefferson County, AL, Lamar County, AL, Madison County, AL, Marengo County, AL, Marshall County, AL, Morgan County, AL, Perry County, AL, Pickens County, AL, Shelby County, AL, St. Clair County, AL, Sumter County, AL, Talladega County, AL, Tuscaloosa County, AL, Walker County, AL, Winston County, AL, Bartow County, GA, Catoosa County, GA, Chattooga County, GA, Cherokee County, GA, Dade County, GA, Fannin County, GA, Floyd County, GA, Gilmer County, GA, Gordon County, GA, Haralson County, GA, Murray County, GA, Paulding County, GA, Pickens County, GA, Polk County, GA, Walker County, GA, Whitfield County, GA, Bledsoe County, TN, Bradley County, TN, Hamilton County, TN, Loudon County, TN, Marion County, TN, McMinn County, TN, Meigs County, TN, Monroe County, TN, Polk County, TN, Rhea County, TN, Roane County, TN, Sequatchie County, TN

The radar

The Birmingham radar (KBMX), 93 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 08:54 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What SPC expected

The probabilities SPC published with the watch, for the watch area over its life.

Two or more tornadoes
50%
One or more EF2 to EF5 tornadoes
20%
Ten or more severe wind reports
30%
One or more gusts of 65 knots or more
10%
Ten or more severe hail reports
20%
One or more hailstones of 2 inches or more
5%
Six or more combined severe hail and wind reports
60%

Warnings issued inside it

19 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Nov 30, 3:08 AM CSTTornado WarningHUNCullman, Marshall, Morgan37 min
Nov 30, 3:12 AM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMRXBledsoe, Bradley, Hamilton, Loudon, McMinn, Marion and 5 more33 min
Nov 30, 3:14 AM CSTFlash Flood WarningHUNJackson6 hr
Nov 30, 3:34 AM CSTTornado WarningHUNMadison, Marshall, Morgan26 min
Nov 30, 3:42 AM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMRXBradley, Hamilton, McMinn, Meigs, Monroe, Polk and 1 more33 min
Nov 30, 3:53 AM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningHUNJackson, Madison, Marshall37 min
Nov 30, 3:53 AM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMRXBradley, Hamilton, Marion, Sequatchie37 min
Nov 30, 3:53 AM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMRXAnderson, Blount, Knox, Loudon, McMinn, Monroe and 1 more52 min
Nov 30, 4:14 AM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMRXBlount, Bradley, McMinn, Monroe, Polk31 min
Nov 30, 4:27 AM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMRXBlount, Grainger, Hamblen, Jefferson, Knox, Monroe and 1 more48 min
Nov 30, 4:30 AM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMRXBradley, Hamilton, Loudon, McMinn, Meigs, Monroe and 1 more30 min
Nov 30, 4:46 AM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMRXBlount, Bradley, Hamilton, McMinn, Meigs, Monroe and 2 more44 min
Nov 30, 4:54 AM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMRXBradley, Hamilton, Marion36 min
Nov 30, 5:15 AM CSTFlash Flood WarningHUNCullman, Madison, Marshall, Morgan6 hr
Nov 30, 5:25 AM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningMRXBradley, Hamilton, McMinn, Meigs, Rhea35 min
Nov 30, 6:44 AM CSTFlash Flood WarningHUNDeKalb, Jackson, Marshall4 hr
Nov 30, 7:26 AM CSTFlash Flood WarningMRXBradley, Hamilton, McMinn, Meigs3 hr
Nov 30, 7:39 AM CSTFlash Flood WarningMRXLoudon, McMinn, Monroe3 hr
Nov 30, 9:50 AM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFFCChattooga, Floyd25 min

Discussions around it

SPC mesoscale discussions over the same counties from four hours before the watch to its end.

The nearest sounding before it

Birmingham, AL (KBMX), launched 00:00Z, 8.9 hours before the alert went out and 92 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Birmingham, AL at 00:00Z on 2016-11-30Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 606 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Birmingham, AL at 00:00Z on 2016-11-30The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 410 square meters per square second.1939587897117136Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
606 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-32 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
698 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
67 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
410 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
477 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
1.7
Supercell composite
7.4

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

265 
WWUS20 KWNS 300850
SEL1  
SPC WW 300850
ALZ000-GAZ000-TNZ000-301600-

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 511
NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
350 AM CDT WED NOV 30 2016

THE NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A

* TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF 
  WESTERN THROUGH NORTHERN ALABAMA
  NORTHWESTERN GEORGIA
  SOUTHEASTERN TENNESSEE

* EFFECTIVE THIS WEDNESDAY MORNING FROM 350 AM UNTIL 1100 AM CDT.

* PRIMARY THREATS INCLUDE...
  A FEW TORNADOES POSSIBLE
  ISOLATED DAMAGING WIND GUSTS TO 70 MPH POSSIBLE
  ISOLATED LARGE HAIL EVENTS TO 1 INCHES IN DIAMETER POSSIBLE

SUMMARY...A BAND OF INTERMITTENTLY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS...WITH
EMBEDDED QLCS MESOVORTICES AND SUPERCELL STRUCTURES...WILL POSE A
CONTINUING TORNADO RISK AS IT ACCELERATES EASTWARD THROUGH THE
REMAINDER OF THE EARLY/MID-MORNING HOURS.  A SUPERCELL OR TWO ALSO
MAY STILL DEVELOP IN THE WARM SECTOR AHEAD OF THE LINE...ALSO
OFFERING TORNADO POTENTIAL.

THE TORNADO WATCH AREA IS APPROXIMATELY ALONG AND 65 STATUTE MILES
NORTH AND SOUTH OF A LINE FROM 40 MILES WEST SOUTHWEST OF TUSCALOOSA
AL TO 55 MILES EAST OF CHATTANOOGA TN. FOR A COMPLETE DEPICTION OF
THE WATCH SEE THE ASSOCIATED WATCH OUTLINE UPDATE (WOUS64 KWNS
WOU1).

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

REMEMBER...A TORNADO WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE FOR
TORNADOES AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH
AREA. PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR
THREATENING WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS
AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS.

&&

OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...THIS TORNADO WATCH REPLACES TORNADO
WATCH NUMBER 509...TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 510. WATCH NUMBER 509 510
WILL NOT BE IN EFFECT AFTER 350 AM CDT. CONTINUE...WW 508...

AVIATION...TORNADOES AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL
SURFACE AND ALOFT TO 1 INCHES. EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE WIND
GUSTS TO 60 KNOTS. A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO 500. MEAN
STORM MOTION VECTOR 24035.

...EDWARDS

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Nov 29, 6:43 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCColbert, Fayette, Franklin, Lamar, Lauderdale, Lawrence and 6 more92 min
Nov 29, 6:47 PM CSTTornado WatchSPCCullman, DeKalb, Jackson, Lawrence, Limestone, Madison and 2 more8 hr
Nov 29, 8:03 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCChoctaw, Fayette, Greene, Hale, Lamar, Pickens and 2 more2 hr
Nov 29, 8:50 PM CSTTornado WatchSPCBibb, Blount, Fayette, Greene, Hale, Jefferson and 7 more8 hr
Nov 29, 9:28 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCCullman, DeKalb, Jackson, Lawrence, Limestone, Madison and 2 more62 min
Nov 29, 10:28 PM CSTTornado WatchSPCColbert, Cullman, DeKalb, Franklin, Jackson, Lauderdale and 5 more5 hr
Nov 29, 11:17 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCDeKalb, Jackson, Lawrence, Limestone, Madison, Morgan118 min
Nov 29, 11:37 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCFayette, Lamar, Pickens113 min
Nov 30, 1:07 AM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBlount, Cullman, DeKalb, Fayette, Jackson, Madison and 5 more53 min
Nov 30, 4:57 AM CSTTornado WatchSPCChoctaw, Clarke, Mobile, Washington7 hr
Nov 30, 5:10 AM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBibb, Blount, Calhoun, Cherokee, Chilton, Clay and 27 more95 min
Nov 30, 9:00 AM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAutauga, Baldwin, Bibb, Blount, Bullock, Butler and 37 more2 hr
Nov 30, 11:06 AM CSTTornado WatchSPCBaldwin, Barbour, Bullock, Butler, Chambers, Coffee and 17 more6 hr
Nov 30, 12:59 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBarbour, Bullock, Coffee, Covington, Crenshaw, Dale and 7 more2 hr
Nov 30, 1:55 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBarbour, Coffee, Covington, Dale, Geneva, Henry and 2 more2 hr
Nov 29, 10:11 PM CSTTornado WatchSPCCatoosa, Chattooga, Dade, Walker, Whitfield5 hr
Nov 30, 2:23 PM CSTSevere Thunderstorm WatchSPCBaldwin, Bibb, Bleckley, Columbia, Crisp, Dooly and 22 more3 hr
Nov 30, 4:43 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCColumbia, Elbert, Glascock, Hancock, Lincoln, McDuffie and 5 more92 min
Nov 30, 4:45 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBaker, Calhoun, Decatur, Dougherty, Early, Grady and 7 more30 min
Nov 29, 11:46 PM CSTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAnderson, Blount, Campbell, Claiborne, Grainger, Hamblen and 6 more119 min

Nearby

Tornado Watches in Alabama, 2016Tornado Watches in Georgia, 2016Tornado Watches in Tennessee, 2016Every tornado watch in 2016

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.