Alert archive / Louisiana / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2016

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 203, NWS Shreveport, LA

July 14, 20165 parishes in Louisiana

NWS Shreveport, LA issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 14, 2016, 8:34 PM CDT for 5 parishes in Louisiana. It was in force for 56 min. 2 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Jul 14, 2016, 8:34 PM CDT (01:34 UTC)
Expired: Jul 14, 2016, 9:30 PM CDT
In force: 56 min
Issued by: NWS Shreveport, LA
Area: Storm-based polygon
Hail: 0.75 in
Wind: 60.0 mph

Counties Caldwell Parish, LA, Jackson Parish, LA, LaSalle Parish, LA, Ouachita Parish, LA, Winn Parish, LA

The radar

The Ft Polk radar (KPOE), 153 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 01:36 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Jul 14, 8:38 PM CDT	TSTM WND DMG	Chatham, LA	TREES AND POWER LINES REPORTED DOWN ALL OVER THE PARISH
Jul 14, 9:10 PM CDT	TSTM WND DMG	1 N Olla, LA	TREE DOWN 1 NORTH OF OLLA

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 2 storm reports to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 4 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Jul 14, 3:05 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	6 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Shreveport, LA (KBAD), launched 00:00Z, 1.6 hours before the alert went out and 154 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 1520 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -6 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1831 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 10 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: -14 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 6 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

853 
WUUS54 KSHV 150134
SVRSHV
LAC021-049-059-073-127-150230-
/O.NEW.KSHV.SV.W.0203.160715T0134Z-160715T0230Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
834 PM CDT THU JUL 14 2016

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN SHREVEPORT HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  JACKSON PARISH IN NORTH CENTRAL LOUISIANA...
  CALDWELL PARISH IN NORTH CENTRAL LOUISIANA...
  NORTHERN LA SALLE PARISH IN NORTH CENTRAL LOUISIANA...
  OUACHITA PARISH IN NORTH CENTRAL LOUISIANA...
  EASTERN WINN PARISH IN NORTH CENTRAL LOUISIANA...

* UNTIL 930 PM CDT

* AT 834 PM CDT...A STRONG GUST FRONT WAS LOCATED ALONG A LINE
  EXTENDING FROM NEAR START TO 11 MILES EAST OF JONESBORO...MOVING
  SOUTH SOUTHEAST AT 40 MPH. STRONG TO SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WERE NOTED 
  BEHIND THIS BOUNDARY ALONG A LINE FROM JUST NORTH OF CHATHAM TO SOUTH 
  MONROE...ALSO MOVING SOUTH SOUTHEAST AT 40 MPH. 

  HAZARD...60 MPH WIND GUSTS. 

  SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED. 

  IMPACT...EXPECT DAMAGE TO ROOFS...SIDING...AND TREES. 

* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  MONROE...CLAIBORNE...WEST MONROE...WINNFIELD...JONESBORO...COLUMBIA...
  BROWNSVILLE-BAWCOMVILLE...BROWNSVILLE-BAWCOM...SWARTZ...RICHWOOD...
  STERLINGTON...OLLA...CLARKS...GRAYSON...URANIA...CHATHAM...NORTH HODGE...
  TULLOS...DODSON AND QUITMAN.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
BUILDING.

WIND DAMAGE WITH THESE STORMS WILL OCCUR BEFORE ANY RAIN OR
LIGHTNING. DO NOT WAIT FOR THE SOUND OF THUNDER BEFORE TAKING COVER.
SEEK SHELTER IMMEDIATELY INSIDE A STURDY STRUCTURE AND STAY AWAY FROM
WINDOWS.

&&

LAT...LON 3207 9193 3193 9190 3193 9201 3180 9201
      3179 9262 3242 9273 3250 9257 3250 9242
      3257 9241 3259 9222 3272 9207 3269 9205
      3271 9197 3266 9191 3251 9190 3240 9200
      3228 9203 3227 9199 3219 9201 3212 9187
TIME...MOT...LOC 0133Z 330DEG 36KT 3244 9183 3218 9252 

HAIL...<.75IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

15

1 follow-up statement

981 
WWUS54 KSHV 150209
SVSSHV

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
909 PM CDT THU JUL 14 2016

LAC049-073-150218-
/O.CAN.KSHV.SV.W.0203.000000T0000Z-160715T0230Z/
JACKSON LA-OUACHITA LA-
909 PM CDT THU JUL 14 2016

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR JACKSON AND OUACHITA PARISHES
IS CANCELLED...

THE STORMS WHICH PROMPTED THE WARNING HAVE MOVED OUT OF THE WARNED AREA.
THEREFORE...THE WARNING HAS BEEN CANCELLED.

LAT...LON 3207 9193 3193 9190 3193 9201 3180 9201
      3179 9262 3211 9267 3212 9254 3211 9231
      3227 9199 3219 9201 3212 9187
TIME...MOT...LOC 0208Z 359DEG 36KT 3213 9184 3194 9225 3199 9264 

$$

LAC021-059-127-150230-
/O.CON.KSHV.SV.W.0203.000000T0000Z-160715T0230Z/
CALDWELL LA-LA SALLE LA-WINN LA-
909 PM CDT THU JUL 14 2016

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 930 PM CDT
FOR CALDWELL...NORTHERN LA SALLE AND EASTERN WINN PARISHES...

AT 909 PM CDT...SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WERE LOCATED ALONG A LINE
EXTENDING FROM LIDDIEVILLE TO NEAR OLLA TO NEAR WINNFIELD...MOVING
SOUTH AT 40 MPH.

HAZARD...60 MPH WIND GUSTS. 

SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED. 

IMPACT...EXPECT DAMAGE TO ROOFS...SIDING...AND TREES. 

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
WINNFIELD...COLUMBIA...OLLA...CLARKS...GRAYSON...URANIA...TULLOS...DODSON...
SIKES...STANDARD...BURLINGTON...SPAULDING...HUDSON...RIVERTON...KELLY AND
JOYCE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
BUILDING.

THIS IS A DANGEROUS SITUATION. THESE STORMS ARE PRODUCING WIDESPREAD
WIND DAMAGE ACROSS NORTHCENTRAL LOUISIANA. SEEK SHELTER NOW INSIDE A
STURDY STRUCTURE AND STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS.
 
&&

LAT...LON 3207 9193 3193 9190 3193 9201 3180 9201
      3179 9262 3211 9267 3212 9254 3211 9231
      3227 9199 3219 9201 3212 9187
TIME...MOT...LOC 0208Z 359DEG 36KT 3213 9184 3194 9225 3199 9264 

HAIL...<.75IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

15

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Shreveport, LA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 14, 6:50 PM CDT, 1 hour 44 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jul 14, 6:50 PM CDT, 1 hour 44 minutes before

Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Shreveport LA
650 PM CDT THU JUL 14 2016

.UPDATE...
Strong convective complex producing damaging winds across southern
Arkansas continues to move south. Instability still sufficient to
support severe thunderstorms across portions of north-central and
northeast Louisiana through the next several hours. Therefore,
went ahead and extended the severe watch #385 across these areas.
Otherwise, trimmed watch back across locations in the wake of the
convective complex including portions of northeast Texas and
southeast Oklahoma. /05/

&&

.PREV DISCUSSION... /issued 342 PM CDT THU JUL 14 2016/

DISCUSSION...
For the most part, today has been another carbon copy of heat and
humidity, with heat indices just flirting with the 105 degree heat
index threshold for heat advisory. However, subtle changes in
position of upper ridge has allowed for a nw flow aloft pattern to
infringe upon northern portions of the area...further cooling of mid
lvl temps. A decayed nocturnal mcs has redeveloped over OK and
movg sewd into area packing a big punch with widespread winds of
40 or more mph...and intense lgt strikes. Svr tstm watch issued
for se OK/sw AR/and extreme ne corner of TX...until 9 pm. have
upped pops to high end chance across northern portions of area,
and expanded slgt chc to cover remainder of LA/TX and to include
the entire overnight hours. NW flow to continue Friday, and
gradually weakening over the wknd as the upper ridge expands once
again as it begins to move into the central plains. Will see sct
convection for much of the area on Friday, with coverage becmg
questionable Saturday and finally minimal coverage of any
convection by Sunday. Of course, with nw flow cannot assume that
all convection will be diurnal. By early next week will see temps
climb back into upper 90s and possibly near 100 with a more
easterly flow locking in higher dewpoints, and any possible
convection limited to more sea breeze type, as the upper ridge
moves to a more northerly position, relative to our area. With
that said, heat advisories may possibly be needed next week./VII/.

PREV DISCUSSION... /issued 104 PM CDT THU JUL 14 2016/

AVIATION...
Mostly VFR conditions will continue through much of the 14/18Z TAF
period. A sct cu field has developed over E TX/N LA early this
afternoon...with SW AR expected to fill in by mid-afternoon. A
stationary outflow bndry from morning convection over Cntrl AR
is now focusing some cu towers just SW of HOT...to a LLQ and GLH
line...with sct convection possibly developing by mid to late
afternoon along it...shifting SSE late in the day. Any convection
that develops along this bndry may near the ELD terminal by
00Z...but confidence remains too low to mention in the TAF attm.
A larger cluster of convection has developed over Cntrl/NE OK
early this afternoon...which should shift ESE into Wrn and Cntrl
AR between 20-24Z. This convection may build farther Swd into
extreme SE OK/SW AR by 00Z...and could affect the TXK/ELD
terminals between 00-04Z. Will continue to monitor the current
radar trends with amendments possible as confidence increases
later today. Locally gusty winds...reduced vsbys...and MVFR cigs
would be possible in/near the convection before it diminishes by
late evening. Considerable convective debris should linger
overnight/Friday morning...with additional sct -SHRA
redevelopment possible over SW AR...with the higher confidence
affecting the ELD terminal. Low MVFR cigs should develop between
09-12Z over the WSW portions of E TX...affecting the TYR/GGG/LFK
terminals through mid-morning before scattering out. SSW winds
8-12kts this afternoon will diminish to 4-7kts after 00Z. /15/

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
SHV  78  96  77  96 /  20  20  20  20
MLU  76  95  76  92 /  30  30  30  30
DEQ  74  94  75  94 /  40  30  20  20
TXK  76  95  76  96 /  40  30  20  20
ELD  75  93  76  93 /  40  30  30  30
TYR  77  97  77  97 /  20  10  20  20
GGG  77  97  77  96 /  20  10  20  20
LFK  75  97  77  96 /  20  10  10  20

&&

.SHV Watches/Warnings/Advisories...
AR...None.
LA...None.
OK...None.
TX...None.
&&

05

Hazardous weather outlook, Jul 14, 11:54 AM CDT, 8 hours 40 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
1154 AM CDT THU JUL 14 2016

LAZ001>003-010>013-017>022-TXZ108>112-124>126-136>138-149>153-
165>167-151700-
CADDO-BOSSIER-WEBSTER-DE SOTO-RED RIVER-BIENVILLE-JACKSON-SABINE-
NATCHITOCHES-WINN-GRANT-CALDWELL-LA SALLE-FRANKLIN-TITUS-CAMP-
MORRIS-CASS-WOOD-UPSHUR-MARION-SMITH-GREGG-HARRISON-CHEROKEE-RUSK-
PANOLA-NACOGDOCHES-SHELBY-ANGELINA-SAN AUGUSTINE-
1154 AM CDT THU JUL 14 2016

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF NORTH CENTRAL
LOUISIANA...NORTHWEST LOUISIANA...EAST TEXAS AND NORTHEAST TEXAS.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT...

ISOLATED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORM ARE A REMOTE POSSIBILITY ACROSS
PORTION OF THE AREA LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING. NO HAZARDOUS
WEATHER IS EXPECTED. HOWEVER...AFTERNOON HEAT INDEX VALUES OF 100
TO 105 DEGREES ARE EXPECTED.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY...

ISOLATED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE FRIDAY
THROUGH SUNDAY. RAIN CHANCES BEGIN TO TAPER OFF AS WE HEAD INTO
THE NEW WORK WEEK NEXT WEEK WITH DAYTIME HIGH TEMPERATURES BY THE
MIDDLE OF THE WORK WEEK CLIMBING TO NEAR 100 DEGREES ACROSS THE
ENTIRE FOUR STATE REGION.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

ACTIVATION OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...AMATEUR RADIO
OPERATORS...AND STORM SPOTTERS WILL NOT BE NEEDED TODAY THROUGH
TONIGHT.

ARZ050-051-059>061-070>073-LAZ004>006-014-OKZ077-TXZ096-097-
151700-
SEVIER-HOWARD-LITTLE RIVER-HEMPSTEAD-NEVADA-MILLER-LAFAYETTE-
COLUMBIA-UNION-CLAIBORNE-LINCOLN-OUACHITA-MCCURTAIN-RED RIVER-
BOWIE-
1154 AM CDT THU JUL 14 2016

ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS MAY BEGIN TO DEVELOP BY MID
AFTERNOON...WITH THUNDERSTORM COVERAGE POSSIBLY BECOMING SCATTERED
BY THE EVENING HOURS.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT...

ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS MAY BEGIN TO DEVELOP BY MID
AFTERNOON...WITH THUNDERSTORM COVERAGE POSSIBLY BECOMING SCATTERED
BY THE EVENING HOURS. ANY THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY THAT DEVELOPS DURING
AFTERNOON HEATING TODAY COULD PRODUCE STRONG WIND GUSTS AND
FREQUENT CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING. OTHERWISE...THE HEAT WILL BE
ON ONCE AGAIN TODAY WITH AFTERNOON HEAT INDEX VALUES ECLIPSING THE
100 DEGREE MARK.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY...

ISOLATED TO SCATTERED SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE
FRIDAY THROUGH SUNDAY. RAIN CHANCES BEGIN TO TAPER OFF AS WE HEAD
INTO THE NEW WORK WEEK NEXT WEEK WITH DAYTIME HIGH TEMPERATURES BY
THE MIDDLE OF THE WORK WEEK CLIMBING TO NEAR 100 DEGREES.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

ACTIVATION OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL...AMATEUR RADIO
OPERATORS...AND STORM SPOTTERS SHOULD NOT BE NEEDED TODAY THROUGH
TONIGHT.

VII

In the hours before

Local storm report, Jul 14, 7:50 PM CDT, 44 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
750 PM CDT THU JUL 14 2016

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0700 PM     TSTM WND DMG     EL DORADO               33.22N  92.66W
07/14/2016                   UNION              AR   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            TREES AND POWER LINES REPORTED DOWN COUNTY WIDE

&&

EVENT NUMBER SHV1600613

25

Local storm report, Jul 14, 7:51 PM CDT, 43 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
751 PM CDT THU JUL 14 2016

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0710 PM     TSTM WND DMG     5 E SPRINGHILL          33.00N  93.37W
07/14/2016                   WEBSTER            LA   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            NUMEROUS TREES DOWN AND TRANSFORMER DAMAGE REPORTED IN
            NORTHERN PART OF THE PARISH

&&

EVENT NUMBER SHV1600614

25

Local storm report, Jul 14, 7:53 PM CDT, 41 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
753 PM CDT THU JUL 14 2016

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0555 PM     TSTM WND GST     4 E PRESCOTT            33.80N  93.32W
07/14/2016  M60 MPH          NEVADA             AR   TRAINED SPOTTER

            50 TO 60 MPH GUSTS MEASURED IN REDLAND COMMUNITY 4
            MILES EAST OF PRESCOTT. NUMEROUS LARGE LIMBS AND SOME
            TREES SNAPPED OFF

&&

EVENT NUMBER SHV1600615

25

Local storm report, Jul 14, 7:56 PM CDT, 38 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
756 PM CDT THU JUL 14 2016

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0735 PM     TSTM WND DMG     1 W EL DORADO           33.22N  92.68W
07/14/2016                   UNION              AR   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            LARGE TREE SNAPPED ON TIMBERLANE AT THE OLD HIGH...
            WEST SIDE OF EL DORADO

&&

EVENT NUMBER SHV1600616

25

Local storm report, Jul 14, 8:24 PM CDT, 10 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
824 PM CDT THU JUL 14 2016

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0810 PM     TSTM WND DMG     WEST MONROE             32.51N  92.15W
07/14/2016                   OUACHITA           LA   BROADCAST MEDIA

            LARGE TREE UPROOTED WHITES FERRY RD IN WEST MONROE

&&

EVENT NUMBER SHV1600617

25

Local storm report, Jul 14, 8:26 PM CDT, 8 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
826 PM CDT THU JUL 14 2016

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0800 PM     TSTM WND DMG     RUSTON                  32.53N  92.64W
07/14/2016                   LINCOLN            LA   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            20 TREES DOWN ACROSS THE PARISH

&&

EVENT NUMBER SHV1600618

25

The office that day

Everything else NWS Shreveport, LA issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Jul 14, 7:06 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	SHV	Caddo	54 min
Jul 14, 7:40 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Bienville, Claiborne, Jackson, Lincoln, Ouachita, Union and 1 more	65 min
Jul 14, 8:41 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	SHV	Sabine	49 min
Jul 14, 9:26 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Caldwell, Grant, LaSalle, Natchitoches, Winn	64 min
Jul 14, 10:35 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	SHV	Grant	40 min
Jul 15, 2:18 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	SHV	Jackson	42 min
Jul 15, 3:13 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	SHV	Ouachita	47 min
Jul 15, 4:10 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Caldwell, LaSalle	34 min
Jul 15, 4:34 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	SHV	LaSalle	41 min
Jul 15, 4:36 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	SHV	Lincoln	39 min
Jul 15, 5:39 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Caddo	66 min
Jul 15, 6:12 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Bossier, Caddo, De Soto	48 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Louisiana, 2016 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2016

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.