Alert archive / Oklahoma / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2016

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 9, NWS Norman, OK

March 1, 2016Atoka County, Oklahoma

NWS Norman, OK issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Mar 1, 2016, 2:02 AM CST for Atoka County, Oklahoma. It was in force for 28 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: Mar 1, 2016, 2:02 AM CST (08:02 UTC)
Expired: Mar 1, 2016, 2:30 AM CST
In force: 28 min
Issued by: NWS Norman, OK
Area: Storm-based polygon
Hail: 1.5 in
Wind: 60.0 mph

County Atoka County, OK

The radar

The Norman radar (KTLX), 159 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 08:06 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Feb 29, 7:36 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	8 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Norman, OK (KOUN), launched 00:00Z, 8.0 hours before the alert went out and 160 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL: 3079 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 38 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 68 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 245 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted.

272 
WUUS54 KOUN 010802
SVROUN
OKC005-010830-
/O.NEW.KOUN.SV.W.0009.160301T0802Z-160301T0830Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
202 AM CST TUE MAR 1 2016

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN NORMAN HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  EAST CENTRAL ATOKA COUNTY IN SOUTHEASTERN OKLAHOMA...

* UNTIL 230 AM CST

* AT 202 AM CST...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED 5 MILES EAST OF
  ATOKA...MOVING EAST AT 45 MPH.

  HAZARD...PING PONG BALL SIZE HAIL AND 60 MPH WIND GUSTS. 

  SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED. 

  IMPACT...PEOPLE AND ANIMALS OUTDOORS WILL BE INJURED. EXPECT HAIL 
           DAMAGE TO ROOFS...SIDING...WINDOWS...AND VEHICLES. EXPECT 
           WIND DAMAGE TO ROOFS...SIDING...AND TREES. 

* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  MCGEE CREEK LAKE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
BUILDING.

&&

LAT...LON 3431 9608 3437 9610 3444 9607 3450 9578
      3430 9578
TIME...MOT...LOC 0802Z 265DEG 39KT 3439 9603 

HAIL...1.50IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

KURTZ

2 follow-up statements

603 
WWUS54 KOUN 010812
SVSOUN

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
212 AM CST TUE MAR 1 2016

OKC005-010830-
/O.CON.KOUN.SV.W.0009.000000T0000Z-160301T0830Z/
ATOKA OK-
212 AM CST TUE MAR 1 2016

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 230 AM CST
FOR EAST CENTRAL ATOKA COUNTY...

AT 212 AM CST...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED 6 MILES NORTHEAST OF
LANE...MOVING EAST AT 45 MPH.

HAZARD...QUARTER SIZE HAIL. 

SOURCE...PUBLIC. 

IMPACT...DAMAGE TO VEHICLES IS EXPECTED. 

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
MCGEE CREEK LAKE.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
BUILDING.

&&

LAT...LON 3431 9595 3436 9598 3441 9596 3444 9591
      3450 9578 3430 9578
TIME...MOT...LOC 0812Z 270DEG 38KT 3437 9590 

HAIL...1.00IN
WIND...<50MPH
 
$$

KURTZ

066 
WWUS54 KOUN 010824
SVSOUN

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
224 AM CST TUE MAR 1 2016

OKC005-010834-
/O.EXP.KOUN.SV.W.0009.000000T0000Z-160301T0830Z/
ATOKA OK-
224 AM CST TUE MAR 1 2016

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR EAST CENTRAL ATOKA COUNTY WILL
EXPIRE AT 230 AM CST...
        
THE STORM WHICH PROMPTED THE WARNING HAS MOVED OUT OF THE AREA.
THEREFORE THE WARNING WILL BE ALLOWED TO EXPIRE.

LAT...LON 3431 9595 3436 9598 3441 9596 3444 9591
      3450 9578 3430 9578
TIME...MOT...LOC 0823Z 265DEG 39KT 3437 9590 

$$

KURTZ

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Norman, OK wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Feb 29, 11:38 PM CST, 2 hours 24 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Feb 29, 11:38 PM CST, 2 hours 24 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
1138 PM CST MON FEB 29 2016

.DISCUSSION...
THE 06Z AVIATION DISCUSSION FOLLOWS....

&&

.AVIATION...
A TSRA COMPLEX OVER CENTRAL OK WILL CONTINUE TO MOVE E
OVERNIGHT...AND SHOULD BE CLEAR OF ALL OUR TAF SITES BEFORE 06Z. A
COLD FRONT WILL MOVE QUICKLY SE ACROSS OK/N TX FROM 06Z TO ABOUT
15Z. A FEW SHRA/TSRA MAY OCCUR WITH THE FRONT AS IT MOVES ACROSS
KPNC/KOKC/KOUN BETWEEN 07Z AND 12Z. FARTHER W SHOULD REMAIN DRY.
BRISK N WINDS DURING THE DAY TOMORROW WILL BEGIN TO SUBSIDE
QUICKLY LATE IN THE AFTERNOON...THEN TURN AROUND TO THE S/SE
DURING THE EVENING.

CMS
&&

.PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 1008 PM CST MON FEB 29 2016/

UPDATE...
ADJUSTED SEVERAL GRIDS FOR ONGOING MOIST CONVECTION AND
APPROACHING COLD FRONT. PLEASE SEE THE DISCUSSION BELOW.

DISCUSSION...
RAPID LOW LEVEL MOISTURE ADVECTION HAS RESULTED IN DEWPOINTS
SURGING INTO THE LOW TO MID 50S ACROSS CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN OK
THIS EVENING. A LINE OF MOIST CONVECTION, EXTENDING ALONG I44,
CONTINUES TO MOVE EAST AROUND 40 MPH. THE ENVIRONMENT WILL
CONTINUE TO BECOME INCREASINGLY UNSTABLE AHEAD OF THIS LINE AS THE
LLJ INTENSIFIES SO STILL EXPECT SOME SEVERE STORMS THROUGH THE
LATE NIGHT HOURS, ESPECIALLY ACROSS SOUTHERN OK. ADJUSTED POPS
BASED ON CURRENT TRENDS. INCREASED DEWPOINTS SEVERAL DEGREESACROSS
CENTRAL/S OK. INCREASED WIND SPEEDS SLIGHTLY AHEAD AND BEHIND
FRONT THROUGH EARLY THIS MORNING.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
OKLAHOMA CITY OK  44  61  36  68 /  90  10   0   0
HOBART OK         45  63  37  71 /  40   0   0   0
WICHITA FALLS TX  51  64  38  73 /  10   0   0   0
GAGE OK           41  62  33  73 /  10   0   0   0
PONCA CITY OK     41  58  33  66 /  30  10   0   0
DURANT OK         58  63  40  66 /  40  20   0   0

&&

.OUN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
OK...NONE.
TX...NONE.
&&

03/23/23

Hazardous weather outlook, Mar 1, 12:20 AM CST, 1 hour 42 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK...UPDATED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
1220 AM CST TUE MAR 1 2016

OKZ004>048-050>052-TXZ083>090-020630-
HARPER-WOODS-ALFALFA-GRANT-KAY-ELLIS-WOODWARD-MAJOR-GARFIELD-
NOBLE-ROGER MILLS-DEWEY-CUSTER-BLAINE-KINGFISHER-LOGAN-PAYNE-
BECKHAM-WASHITA-CADDO-CANADIAN-OKLAHOMA-LINCOLN-GRADY-MCCLAIN-
CLEVELAND-POTTAWATOMIE-SEMINOLE-HUGHES-HARMON-GREER-KIOWA-JACKSON-
TILLMAN-COMANCHE-STEPHENS-GARVIN-MURRAY-PONTOTOC-COAL-COTTON-
JEFFERSON-CARTER-JOHNSTON-ATOKA-LOVE-MARSHALL-BRYAN-HARDEMAN-
FOARD-WILBARGER-WICHITA-KNOX-BAYLOR-ARCHER-CLAY-
1220 AM CST TUE MAR 1 2016

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF NORTHERN...
WESTERN...CENTRAL...AND SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA...AND WESTERN NORTH
TEXAS.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT...

.THUNDERSTORMS...
THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE STORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
OKLAHOMA THROUGH 6 AM TUESDAY MORNING.

LOCATION...
THE SLIGHT RISK IS EAST OF A LINE FROM HOLDENVILLE TO DUNCAN TO
DURANT. A MARGINAL RISK SURROUNDS THE SLIGHT RISK AREA.

TIMING...
THE MOST LIKELY TIME FOR SEVERE STORMS WILL BE BEFORE 3 AM.

IMPACTS...
LARGE HAIL UP TO THE SIZE OF GOLF BALLS AND WIND GUSTS TO 60
MPH ARE THE MAIN CONCERNS.

.SPOTTER AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT STATEMENT...
STORM SPOTTER GROUPS AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL ACROSS THE
RISK AREAS SHOULD BE READY FOR SEVERE WEATHER OPERATIONS.

DISCUSSION...
A CLUSTER OF STRONG TO SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL AFFECT PARTS OF
CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA FOR THROUGH 3 AM. DUE TO SUFFICIENT
ELEVATED INSTABILITY AND SHEAR...A FEW REPORTS OF LARGE HAIL AND
DAMAGING WINDS REMAIN POSSIBLE.

THERE IS A CHANCE FOR ADDITIONAL STORM DEVELOPMENT NEAR AND AHEAD
OF A COLD FRONT...MAINLY ACROSS PARTS OF NORTHERN AND CENTRAL
OKLAHOMA FOR THE REST OF TONIGHT. IF THESE STORMS FORM...THEY
COULD BE STRONG TO PERHAPS SEVERE WITH LARGE HAIL AS THE MAIN
HAZARD.

.STRONG WINDS...
STRONG NORTH WINDS 25 TO 35 MPH WITH GUSTS OF 40 TO 50 MPH MAY
OCCUR BEHIND THE PASSAGE OF A COLD FRONT ACROSS WESTERN OKLAHOMA
AND WESTERN NORTH TEXAS FOR THE REST OF TONIGHT.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY...

.THUNDERSTORMS...
SOME THUNDERSTORMS COULD BE ONGOING EAST OF I-35 TUESDAY MORNING
AS THE STORM SYSTEM BEGINS TO EXIT THE REGION. THE POTENTIAL FOR
SEVERE STORMS WILL BE LOW.

ANOTHER ROUND OF THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE ON SUNDAY.

.FIRE WEATHER...
ELEVATED FIRE WEATHER CONDITIONS WILL CONTINUE TO BE A CONCERN
THROUGH FRIDAY. THE POTENTIAL FOR NEAR CRITICAL OR CRITICAL
CONDITIONS WILL EXIST TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON ACROSS
PORTIONS OF OKLAHOMA AND WESTERN NORTH TEXAS.

.WIND...
STRONG NORTH WINDS WILL BE POSSIBLE TUESDAY MORNING...ESPECIALLY
IN PARTS OF WESTERN OKLAHOMA AND WESTERN NORTH TEXAS. STRONG
SOUTH TO SOUTHWEST WINDS WILL THEN BE POSSIBLE ON WEDNESDAY. WIND
GUSTS 40 TO 50 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE IN SOME LOCATIONS BOTH DAYS.
THE WINDS COULD MAKE TRAVEL DIFFICULT...ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH
PROFILE VEHICLES.

GET GRAPHICS AND MORE DETAILS AT WEATHER.GOV/NORMAN...AND FOLLOW
OUR WEATHER FORECAST OFFICE ON TWITTER AND FACEBOOK.

MBS

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Feb 29, 11:12 PM CST, 2 hours 50 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
1112 PM CST MON FEB 29 2016

OKZ028-030-031-040-042-010600-
POTTAWATOMIE OK-PONTOTOC OK-MCCLAIN OK-SEMINOLE OK-GARVIN OK-
1112 PM CST MON FEB 29 2016

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR SOUTH CENTRAL POTTAWATOMIE...
NORTHWESTERN PONTOTOC...SOUTHEASTERN MCCLAIN...SOUTHWESTERN SEMINOLE
AND NORTHEASTERN GARVIN COUNTIES UNTIL MIDNIGHT CST...

AT 1110 PM CST...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED NEAR BYARS...
MOVING EAST AT 30 MPH.

HAZARDS INCLUDE...
HAIL UP TO ONE-HALF INCH DIAMETER...
WIND GUSTS TO 50 MPH...
FREQUENT CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING...

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
ADA...STRATFORD...KONAWA...BYNG...WANETTE...FRANCIS...BYARS...FITZHUGH AND
VANOSS.

LAT...LON 3470 9708 3496 9709 3500 9663 3483 9658
      3464 9663
TIME...MOT...LOC 0510Z 272DEG 28KT 3485 9701

KURTZ

Local storm report, Feb 29, 11:21 PM CST, 2 hours 41 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
1121 PM CST MON FEB 29 2016

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1045 PM     HAIL             ELGIN                   34.78N 98.29W
02/29/2016  E1.25 INCH       COMANCHE           OK   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

RBARNES

Local storm report, Feb 29, 11:27 PM CST, 2 hours 35 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
1127 PM CST MON FEB 29 2016

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1120 PM     HAIL             2 S COX CITY            34.70N 97.73W
02/29/2016  E2.00 INCH       GRADY              OK   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

RBARNES

Special weather statement, Feb 29, 11:43 PM CST, 2 hours 19 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
1143 PM CST MON FEB 29 2016

OKZ031-032-041>043-047-010630-
COAL OK-PONTOTOC OK-HUGHES OK-MURRAY OK-JOHNSTON OK-SEMINOLE OK-
1143 PM CST MON FEB 29 2016

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ADVISORY FOR COAL...PONTOTOC...HUGHES...
EASTERN MURRAY...NORTH CENTRAL JOHNSTON AND SOUTHEASTERN SEMINOLE
COUNTIES UNTIL 1230 AM CST...

AT 1140 PM CST...STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WERE ALONG A LINE EXTENDING
FROM 3 MILES SOUTHWEST OF WETUMKA TO 3 MILES WEST OF ATWOOD TO 6
MILES SOUTH OF FRANCIS TO 3 MILES SOUTH OF FITZHUGH...MOVING EAST AT
30 MPH.

HAZARDS INCLUDE...
HAIL UP TO ONE-HALF INCH DIAMETER...
WIND GUSTS TO 50 MPH...
FREQUENT CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING...

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
ADA...HOLDENVILLE...WETUMKA...BYNG...ALLEN...ROFF...STONEWALL...DUSTIN...
TUPELO...FRANCIS...CALVIN...FITZHUGH...STUART...LAMAR...SASAKWA...GERTY...
HORNTOWN...CENTRAHOMA...YEAGER AND ATWOOD.

LAT...LON 3514 9601 3512 9601 3512 9603 3509 9606
      3506 9607 3505 9609 3469 9609 3466 9611
      3443 9640 3456 9692 3505 9650 3529 9637
      3528 9598 3515 9598
TIME...MOT...LOC 0540Z 285DEG 26KT 3520 9627 3497 9640 3479 9655 3461
9678

KURTZ

Local storm report, Mar 1, 12:04 AM CST, 1 hour 58 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
1204 AM CST TUE MAR 01 2016

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1202 AM     HAIL             4 N ELMORE CITY         34.68N 97.40W
03/01/2016  M1.00 INCH       GARVIN             OK   TRAINED SPOTTER

            COVERING THE ENTIRE GROUND WITH SOME HAIL DRIFTS

&&

MBS

Local storm report, Mar 1, 12:53 AM CST, 1 hour 9 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORMAN OK
1253 AM CST TUE MAR 01 2016

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1252 AM     HAIL             5 E SULPHUR             34.51N 96.89W
03/01/2016  M1.00 INCH       MURRAY             OK   AMATEUR RADIO

&&

MBS

The office that day

Everything else NWS Norman, OK issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Feb 29, 6:00 PM CST	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Roger Mills	45 min
Feb 29, 6:34 PM CST	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Beckham	41 min
Feb 29, 6:40 PM CST	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Roger Mills	50 min
Feb 29, 7:13 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Beckham, Greer	47 min
Feb 29, 7:48 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Beckham, Greer, Kiowa, Washita	42 min
Feb 29, 7:59 PM CST	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Greer	46 min
Feb 29, 8:28 PM CST	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Kiowa	47 min
Feb 29, 8:47 PM CST	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Caddo, Canadian, Oklahoma	43 min
Feb 29, 8:49 PM CST	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Kiowa	41 min
Feb 29, 9:14 PM CST	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Grady	46 min
Feb 29, 9:25 PM CST	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Kiowa	35 min
Feb 29, 9:31 PM CST	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Cleveland, Grady, McClain, Oklahoma, Pottawatomie	44 min
Feb 29, 9:47 PM CST	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Cleveland, Grady, McClain, Oklahoma, Pottawatomie	73 min
Feb 29, 9:49 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Caddo, Comanche, Grady, Kiowa	41 min
Feb 29, 9:55 PM CST	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Grady	50 min
Feb 29, 10:28 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Caddo, Carter, Comanche, Garvin, Grady, McClain and 1 more	62 min
Feb 29, 10:36 PM CST	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Cleveland, McClain, Pottawatomie, Seminole	39 min
Feb 29, 11:12 PM CST	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Pontotoc	48 min
Feb 29, 11:24 PM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Carter, Garvin, Grady, Murray, Stephens	66 min
Feb 29, 11:43 PM CST	Special Weather Statement	OUN	Coal, Hughes, Pontotoc	47 min
Mar 1, 12:23 AM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Garvin, Johnston, Murray, Pontotoc	52 min
Mar 1, 1:09 AM CST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	OUN	Atoka, Coal, Johnston, Pontotoc	66 min
Mar 1, 1:58 PM CST	Fire Weather Watch	OUN	Alfalfa, Beckham, Blaine, Caddo, Canadian, Cleveland and 24 more	14 hr

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Oklahoma, 2016 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2016

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.