Alert archive / Mississippi / River Flood Warnings in 2016
River Flood Warning 59, NWS Jackson, MS
NWS Jackson, MS issued this river flood warning at Mar 11, 2016, 1:57 AM CST for Covington County, Jones County, Mississippi. It took effect at Mar 11, 2016, 6:24 PM CST. It was in force for 61 hr.
The area
The outline as issued.
The facts
- Issued
- Mar 11, 2016, 1:57 AM CST (07:57 UTC)
- In effect from
- Mar 11, 2016, 6:24 PM CST
- Expired
- Mar 14, 2016, 8:08 AM CDT
- In force
- 61 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Jackson, MS
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Flood severity
- Minor
Counties Covington County, MS, Jones County, MS
The radar
The Jackson/Brandon,MS radar (KDGX), 86 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 08:00 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
The river
Written for the forecast point Leaf River near Collins (CLSM6). The gauge peaked at 24.75 ft at Mar 13, 2016, 11:00 PM CDT.
- Action stage
- 24 ft
- Minor stage
- 25 ft
- Moderate stage
- 28 ft
- Major stage
- 33 ft
This gauge today: stage, forecast and historic crests
Stage from the USGS instantaneous record for site 02472000, one reading an hour, from a day before the product to a day after it ended. Flood stages are today's.
The text
As transmitted.
704
WGUS44 KJAN 110757
FLWJAN
BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON, MS
157 AM CST FRI MAR 11 2016
...The National Weather Service in Jackson has issued a Flood Warning
for the following rivers in Mississippi...
Leaf River Near Collins affecting Covington and Jones Counties
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Do not drive or walk through areas where water covers roadway! The
water may be deeper than it appears. Remember...Turn around, don't
drown!
Forecasts are based on rainfall that has occurred and that which is
forecast to occur over the next 12 hours.
Additional information is available at:
http://ahps.srh.noaa.gov/ahps2/index.php?wfo=jan
The next regularly scheduled update is expected between 8 and 10 AM.
&&
MSC031-067-121357-
/O.NEW.KJAN.FL.W.0059.160312T0210Z-160314T1308Z/
/CLSM6.1.ER.160312T0210Z.160312T1800Z.160313T2208Z.NO/
157 AM CST FRI MAR 11 2016
The National Weather Service in Jackson has issued a
* Flood Warning for
The Leaf River Near Collins
* from this evening to Monday morning.
* At 1:15 AM Friday the stage was 17.3 feet and rising.
* Minor flooding is forecast.
* Flood stage is 25 feet.
* Forecast...The river will rise above flood stage by this evening
and will crest near 26.5 feet by Saturday evening.
* Impact...At 25 feet...Considerable lowland flooding begins.
&&
Flood Observed Forecast 7 AM Crest
Location Stg Stg Day Time Sat Sun Mon Crest Time Date
Upper Leaf River
Collins 25 17.3 Fri 1 AM 19.7 26.2 26.1 26.5 6 PM 3/12
&&
LAT...LON 3161 8938 3170 8946 3179 8947 3180 8936
3172 8935 3164 8929
$$
DL3 follow-up statements
542
WGUS44 KJAN 111330
FLWJAN
BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON, MS
730 AM CST FRI MAR 11 2016
...Forecast flooding changed from Minor to Moderate severity for the
following rivers in Mississippi...
Leaf River Near Collins affecting Covington and Jones Counties
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Do not drive or walk through areas where water covers roadway! The
water may be deeper than it appears. Remember...Turn around, don't
drown!
Forecasts are based on rainfall that has occurred and that which is
forecast to occur. Routine 12 hours of forecast rainfall is used for
most sites. Routine 48 hours of forecast rainfall is used on Tibbee
Creek...Luxapallila Creek...Noxubee River...and the Tombigbee River.
Additional information is available at:
http://ahps.srh.noaa.gov/ahps2/index.php?wfo=jan
The next regularly scheduled update is expected tonight between 8 and
10 PM.
&&
MSC031-067-121930-
/O.EXT.KJAN.FL.W.0059.160312T0024Z-160314T1116Z/
/CLSM6.2.ER.160312T0024Z.160312T1200Z.160313T2016Z.NO/
730 AM CST FRI MAR 11 2016
...Forecast flooding increased from Minor to Moderate severity...
The Flood Warning continues for
The Leaf River Near Collins.
* from this evening to Monday morning.
* At 6:15 AM Friday the stage was 20.7 feet.
* Moderate flooding is forecast.
* Flood stage is 25.0 feet.
* Forecast...The river will rise above flood stage by this evening
and will continue to rise to near 28.0 feet by tomorrow morning.
* Impact...At 28.0 feet...Several homes in the vicinity of the river
are flooded. Evacuation of residents is recommended.
* Impact...At 25.0 feet...Considerable lowland flooding begins.
&&
Flood Observed Forecast 7 AM Crest
Location Stg Stg Day Time Sat Sun Mon Crest Time Date
Upper Leaf River
Collins 25 20.7 Fri 06 AM 28.0 26.6 22.0 28.0 06 AM 03/12
&&
LAT...LON 3161 8938 3170 8946 3179 8947 3180 8936
3172 8935 3164 8929
$$288
WGUS84 KJAN 120145
FLSJAN
FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON, MS
745 PM CST FRI MAR 11 2016
...The Flood Warning continues for the following rivers in
Mississippi...
Leaf River Near Collins affecting Covington and Jones Counties
Leaf River At Hattiesburg affecting Forrest County
Bouie Creek Near Near Hattiesburg affecting Covington and Forrest
Counties
Black Creek Near Brooklyn affecting Forrest County
Tallahala Creek At Laurel affecting Jones County
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Do not drive or walk through areas where water covers roadway! The
water may be deeper than it appears. Remember...Turn around, don't
drown!
Forecasts are based on rainfall that has occurred and that which is
forecast to occur. 12 hours of forecast rainfall is used for
most sites.
The next regularly scheduled update is expected between 8 and 10 AM.
&&
MSC031-067-130745-
/O.EXT.KJAN.FL.W.0059.000000T0000Z-160314T0600Z/
/CLSM6.2.ER.160312T1340Z.160313T0000Z.160313T1500Z.NO/
745 PM CST FRI MAR 11 2016
The Flood Warning continues for
The Leaf River Near Collins
* until late Sunday night.
* At 7:15 PM Friday the stage was 22.9 feet.
* Moderate flooding is forecast.
* Flood stage is 25.0 feet.
* Forecast...The river will rise above flood stage by tomorrow
morning and will continue to rise to near 28.0 feet by tomorrow
evening.
* Impact...At 28.0 feet...Several homes in the vicinity of the river
are flooded. Evacuation of residents is recommended.
* Impact...At 25.0 feet...Considerable lowland flooding begins.
&&
Flood Observed Forecast 7 AM Crest
Location Stg Stg Day Time Sat Sun Mon Crest Time Date
Upper Leaf River
Collins 25 22.9 Fri 07 PM 24.3 26.4 18.5 28.0 06 PM 03/12
&&
LAT...LON 3161 8938 3170 8946 3179 8947 3180 8936
3172 8935 3164 8929
$$
MSC035-130745-
/O.EXT.KJAN.FL.W.0065.000000T0000Z-160317T0236Z/
/HATM6.3.ER.160311T1720Z.160313T1100Z.160316T1136Z.NO/
745 PM CST FRI MAR 11 2016
The Flood Warning continues for
The Leaf River At Hattiesburg
* until Wednesday evening.
* At 7:00 PM Friday the stage was 24.9 feet.
* Moderate flooding is occurring and Major flooding is forecast.
* Flood stage is 22.0 feet.
* Forecast...The river will continue rising to near 29.5 feet by
Sunday morning.
* Impact...At 29.3 feet...Water in is the Briarfield Homes Apartments
off Second Street.
* Impact...At 27.3 feet...The turn ramp on the bypass becomes flooded.
* Impact...At 26.0 feet...Sections of east Hattiesburg close to the
river begin to flood.
* Impact...At 25.5 feet...The stockyard area on Highway 11 begins to
flood.
* Impact...At 25.3 feet...Water is beginning to cover east side of
Hardy Street.
&&
Flood Observed Forecast 7 AM Crest
Location Stg Stg Day Time Sat Sun Mon Crest Time Date
Lower Leaf River
Hattiesburg 22 24.9 Fri 07 PM 27.3 29.5 28.0 29.5 06 AM 03/13
&&
LAT...LON 3119 8914 3126 8927 3161 8938 3164 8929
3130 8921 3125 8914
$$
MSC031-035-130745-
/O.EXT.KJAN.FL.W.0060.000000T0000Z-160314T1327Z/
/HBGM6.2.ER.160311T1120Z.160312T0600Z.160313T2227Z.NO/
745 PM CST FRI MAR 11 2016
The Flood Warning continues for
The Bouie Creek Near Near Hattiesburg
* until Monday morning.
* At 6:45 PM Friday the stage was 25.0 feet.
* Moderate flooding is occurring and Moderate flooding is forecast.
* Flood stage is 18.0 feet.
* Forecast...The river will continue rising to near 25.5 feet by just
after midnight tonight.
&&
Flood Observed Forecast 7 AM Crest
Location Stg Stg Day Time Sat Sun Mon Crest Time Date
Bouie Creek
Near Hattiesbu 18 25.0 Fri 07 PM 25.0 20.1 15.7 25.5 12 AM 03/12
&&
LAT...LON 3133 8929 3146 8953 3153 8966 3159 8960
3151 8948 3143 8932
$$
MSC035-130745-
/O.EXT.KJAN.FL.W.0063.000000T0000Z-160315T1716Z/
/BKNM6.2.ER.160311T1827Z.160313T0000Z.160315T0216Z.NO/
745 PM CST FRI MAR 11 2016
...Flood Warning extended until Tuesday afternoon...
The Flood Warning continues for
The Black Creek Near Brooklyn
* until Tuesday afternoon.
* At 6:45 PM Friday the stage was 22.0 feet.
* Minor flooding is occurring and Moderate flooding is forecast.
* Flood stage is 20.0 feet.
* Forecast...The river will continue rising to near 25.0 feet by
tomorrow evening.
* Impact...At 25.0 feet...Several structures flood along Carnes Road
just upstream of Brooklyn.
* Impact...At 24.9 feet...Water begins to affect homes on the south
side of Main Street.
&&
Flood Observed Forecast 7 AM Crest
Location Stg Stg Day Time Sat Sun Mon Crest Time Date
Black Creek
Brooklyn 20 22.0 Fri 07 PM 23.9 24.3 22.3 25.0 06 PM 03/12
&&
LAT...LON 3100 8915 3103 8925 3121 8951 3127 8943
3113 8924 3110 8915
$$
MSC067-130745-
/O.CON.KJAN.FL.W.0061.000000T0000Z-000000T0000Z/
/LURM6.3.ER.160311T0833Z.160313T0000Z.000000T0000Z.NO/
745 PM CST FRI MAR 11 2016
The Flood Warning continues for
The Tallahala Creek At Laurel
* until further notice.
* At 6:45 PM Friday the stage was 17.2 feet.
* Moderate flooding is occurring and Major flooding is forecast.
* Flood stage is 13.0 feet.
* Forecast...The river will continue rising to near 20.0 feet by
tomorrow evening.
* Impact...At 19.5 feet...Water reaches the underclearence of State
Highway 15 bridge.
* Impact...At 19.0 feet...Water begins to flood houses in the the
northeast portion of Laurel along the creek between U.S. Highway 11
and Interstate 59. Water covers Brown Street and Center Avenue in
South laurel.
&&
Flood Observed Forecast 7 AM Crest
Location Stg Stg Day Time Sat Sun Mon Crest Time Date
Tallahala Creek
Laurel 13 17.2 Fri 07 PM 17.5 18.8 17.5 20.0 06 PM 03/12
&&
LAT...LON 3137 8915 3156 8923 3181 8913 3182 8902
3156 8911 3140 8914
$$964
WGUS84 KJAN 121728
FLSJAN
FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON, MS
1128 AM CST SAT MAR 12 2016
...The Flood Warning is cancelled for the following rivers
in Mississippi...
Leaf River Near Collins affecting Covington and Jones Counties
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
Do not drive or walk through areas where water covers roadway! The
water may be deeper than it appears. Remember...Turn around, don't
drown!
Forecasts are based on rainfall that has occurred and that which is
forecast to occur. Routine 12 hours of forecast rainfall is used for
most sites. Routine 48 hours of forecast rainfall is used on Tibbee
Creek...Luxapallila Creek...Noxubee River...and the Tombigbee River.
Additional information is available at:
http://ahps.srh.noaa.gov/ahps2/index.php?wfo=jan
The next regularly scheduled update is expected tonight between 8 and
10 PM.
&&
MSC031-067-121758-
/O.CAN.KJAN.FL.W.0059.000000T0000Z-160314T0600Z/
/CLSM6.N.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.NO/
1128 AM CST SAT MAR 12 2016
The Flood Warning is cancelled for
The Leaf River Near Collins.
* At 10:15 AM Saturday the stage was 23.5 feet.
* Flood stage is 25.0 feet.
* Forecast...The river will crest below flood stage at 23.7 feet this
evening.
&&
Flood Observed Forecast 7 AM Crest
Location Stg Stg Day Time Sun Mon Tue Crest Time Date
Upper Leaf River
Collins 25 23.5 Sat 10 AM 23.2 19.0 15.2 crsting blo fs
&&
LAT...LON 3161 8938 3170 8946 3179 8947 3180 8936
3172 8935 3164 8929
$$What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this river flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Jackson, MS wrote its last area forecast discussion before this river flood warning went out at Mar 10, 9:20 PM CST, 4 hours 37 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Mar 10, 9:20 PM CST, 4 hours 37 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION...UPDATED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
920 PM CST THU MAR 10 2016
.UPDATE...
THE HEAVIEST RAINS OF THE EVENING HAVE FINALLY PUSHED EAST.
THE STALLED COLD FRONT HANGS RIGHT THROUGH THE MIDDLE OF OUR
CWA...BASICALLY ALONG THE NATCHEZ TRACE CORRIDOR. ACCORDING TO THE
HI RES MODELS...IT LOOKS LIKE THOSE AREAS WITH THE MOST RAINFALL
TODAY (MS DELTA, SE AR, NE LA) WILL HAVE A DECENT REPREIVE BEFORE THE
NEXT ROUND ESPECIALLY SINCE THEY ARE ON THE COLD SIDE OF THE FRONT
NOW. THESE AREAS COULD SEE SOME PATCHY TO DENSE FOG COME MORNING
HOURS AS WELL AS SOME SLIGHT DRIZZLE. THE NEXT RESURGENCE OF MOISTURE
APPEARS TO BE FRIDAY MORNING SOMETIME AS THE FRONT PUSHES NORTH.
FOR NOW...SOUTHERN MS WILL CONTINUE TO SEE RAINFALL THROUGHOUT THE
NIGHT AS MOISTURE PUSHES UP FROM THE GULF. THE RAINFALL RATES HAVE
SLOWED DOWN NOW BUT AREAS WITH MODERATE RAINFALL WILL CONTINUE TO SEE
FLASH FLOOD PROBLEMS. THE POPS HAVE BEEN ADJUSTED TO SHOW ALL OF
THIS. JUST SLIGHT ADJUSTMENTS MADE TO THE REST OF THE FORECAST FOR
THIS UPDATE. /10/
&&
.AVIATION...
THE BULK OF THE SHRA/TSRA ACTIVITY THIS EVNG HAS PUSHED EAST OF
I-55. VERY LIGHT RAIN WL BE PSBL AT GLH-GWO THE REMAINDER OF TONIGHT
WHERE LIFR VSBYS ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP AFTER 06Z.
ELSEWHERE...IFR/MVFR CONDITIONS WL PREVAIL TONIGHT DUE TO LOW STRATUS
AND -RA WITH OCNL TSRA. REDEVELOPMENT OF TSRA ACTIVITY IS EXPECTED
FRI AREAWIDE WITH THE HEAVIEST RAIN AND LOWEST FLIGHT CATEGORIES OVER
SE HALF OF THE AREA. /22/
&&
.PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 456 PM CST THU MAR 10 2016/
..SIGNIFICANT FLASH FLOODING ONGOING THROUGH THE WEEKEND
ACROSS PORTIONS OF THE ARKLAMISS DELTA...
SHORT TERM...(TONIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY MORNING)...COPIOUS MOISTURE
SURGE CONTINUES AS RAIN AXIS FINALLY PUSHED TO THE E AS COLD POOL
FINALLY DEVELOPED AND PUSHED A QLCS ACROSS THE REGION. HOWEVER...WITH
THE LINE BECOMING COLD POOL DOMINANT AND ORIENTING MORE E/NE AND
PARALLEL TO THE FLOW...THIS HAS NOW STALLED ACROSS THE I-55 CORRIDOR
AND UP HIGHWAY 25. GLOBAL MODELS THE PAST FEW DAYS HAVE DONE A PRETTY
GOOD JOB ON HANDLING THIS PUSH EAST BUT SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL WILL
CONTINUE INTO THE WEEKEND. DANGEROUS FLOODING HAS BEEN ONGOING IN THE
NW MS DELTA...NE LA AND SE AR WHERE RAINFALL AMOUNTS HAVE BEEN
HISTORICAL WITH NEAR 10 TO 15 INCHES...WITH SOME AREAS APPROACHING
17-20 INCHES. NUMEROUS ROADS...HOMES AND BUSINESSES HAVE BEEN FLOODED
IN THE NW DELTA AND EVACUATIONS HAVE HAD TO TAKE PLACE...WITH SOME
CASES LIFE-THREATENING FLOODING. ALSO SEVERE POTENTIAL OVERALL IS LOWER
THAN IT WAS EARLIER BUT CAN NOT RULE OUT A BRIEF TORNADO OR SEVERE
STORM IN AREAS IN THE E IN THAT HAVE NOT BEEN WORKED OVER BY HEAVY
RAIN AND THAT CAN SURGE OUT AND ORIENT MORE PERPENDICULAR TO THE NE
ORIENTED LOW LEVEL 0-3KM SHEAR VECTORS.
SLOW MOVING COLD CORE UPPER LOW CONTINUES TO SPIN OVER NRN MEXICO
AND CONTINUES TO PUMP ANOMALOUS MOISTURE INTO THE REGION THROUGH THE
WEEKEND. THIS AREA OF STORMS MAY PUSH TO THE E TONIGHT BUT BRINGING
TORRENTIAL RAINFALL AND POSSIBILITY OF FLASH FLOODING AS THE ENSEMBLE
SITUATIONAL AWARENESS TABLE NAEFS/GEFS PERCENTILES ARE MAXED OUT OR
NEAR RECORD VALUES. EXPECT THIS TO SLOWLY SHIFT E TONIGHT BEFORE THE
UPPER LOW SLOWLY BEGINS TO LIFT TO THE N OVER SRN TX THROUGH TOMORROW
AFTERNOON. GLOBAL/HI-RES MODELS SEEM TO HAVE A HANDLE OVERALL ON THE
QPF TOTALS WITH AN ADDITIONAL 3-5 INCHES POSSIBLE OVER THE EXTREME
AND SIGNIFICANT THREAT AREAS IN THE NW DELTA...SE AR AND NE LA. THIS
WILL ONLY EXACERBATE SIGNIFICANT AND IN SOME CASES LIFE-THREATENING
FLOODING ONGOING DUE TO PREVIOUS EXTREME RAINFALL AMOUNTS UPWARDS OF
10-15+ INCHES. THE RAINFALL AXIS ON FRIDAY SHOULD PIVOT MORE TO THE
S AS THE UPPER JET TO THE N...THAT HAS BEEN PROVIDING CONSTANT ADDED
DYNAMIC LIFT OVER THE ARKLAMISS DELTA...LIFTS TO THE NE AND ANOTHER
HIGH PW PLUME/MOISTURE TRANSPORT AND UPPER DIVERGENCE COMES INTO S
CENTRAL AND SE MS. WITH EFFICIENT MOISTURE TRANSPORT AND NEAR 850MB
330K THETA E...HEAVY RAINFALL WILL BEGIN AGAIN AFTER 12Z
FRIDAY...ESPECIALLY IN S AND SE MS. THIS WILL BRING THE NEXT BEST
POTENTIAL FOR HEAVY RAIN TO MOVE IN FRIDAY AFTERNOON AND ANOTHER LAST
SURGE OF MOISTURE TO MOVE IN ON SATURDAY AFTERNOON BEFORE THE UPPER
LOW LIFTS INTO NRN LA AND SUBSIDENCE BEGINS TO DRY OUT FROM THE SW TO
NE...WE WILL FINALLY HAVE A QUICK LULL IN ACTIVITY EARLY SUNDAY
AFTERNOON. EXPECT AREAS IN CENTRAL AND SE MS TO HAVE A POTENTIAL FOR
BETWEEN 2-5 INCHES OF RAINFALL WHILE AREAS IN NE MS. DUE TO THIS...WE
EXPANDED THE ELEVATED E IN THE HWO/GRAPHICS TO ACCOUNT FOR THE
CURRENT FLASH FLOOD WATCH AREA...WHICH REMAINS IN EFFECT THROUGH
SATURDAY AFTERNOON. WPC QPF FCST OVERALL SEEMS REASONABLE AND AN
ADDITIONAL 1-2 INCHES IS POSSIBLE ON SATURDAY BEFORE CLEARING. ALL
TOLD...THIS IS DEFINITELY A HISTORICAL FLOODING EVENT AND ALL SHOULD
TAKE HEED TO TAKE PRECAUTIONS. OVERALL...SOME STRONG TO POSSIBLY
SEVERE STORMS THROUGH THE WEEKEND BUT NEXT BEST CHANCES FOR MORE
WIDESPREAD SEVERE WEATHER LOOKS TO REMAIN IN THE DELTA SUNDAY
AFTERNOON/EVENING. /DC/
LONG TERM...(SUNDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY)...THE RAIN WILL PUSH OFF TO
THE NORTHEAST OF THE MAIN UPPER DYNAMICS ALSO PULLS NORTHEAST. THIS
COULD RESULT IN A LULL IN RAIN ACTIVITY FOR SOME OF SUNDAY INTO
SUNDAY NIGHT...ESPECIALLY FOR THE SOUTHERN PARTS OF THE FORECAST
AREA. HOWEVER...QUICK ON ITS HEELS IS ANOTHER UPPER LEVEL TROUGH/LOW.
UNLIKE THE CURRENT SYSTEM...THIS ONE IS RATHER FAST MOVING AND WILL
MOVE ACROSS THE NORTHERN PARTS OF THE FORECAST AREA LATE SUNDAY
THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT. PARAMETERS WITH THIS SYSTEM LOOK PRETTY DECENT
FOR SEEING SEVERE POTENTIAL. VERTICAL TOTALS ARE AROUND 28-30C THANKS
TO VERY COLD 500MB TEMPERATURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE CLOSED LOW. IN
ADDITION...WIND SHEAR IS GOOD FOR ORGANIZED STORMS. WILL INTRODUCE AN
AREA INTO THE HWO/GRAPHICS INITIALLY FOR SUNDAY AFTERNOON/EVENING IN
THE DELTA BUT THIS MAY NEED TO BE EXPANDED IN AREA AND TIME AS THE
EVENT NEARS. DRIER WEATHER WILL MOVE IN FOLLOWING THIS SYSTEM FOR A
FEW DAYS. OVERALL TEMPERATURES WILL REMAIN MILD TO ACTUALLY FAIRLY
WARM FOR THIS TIME OF YEAR. HIGHS IN THE 70S AND EVEN 80S LOOK LIKELY
THROUGH THE WEEK WITH LOWS IN THE 60S. /28/
HYDROLOGY...
RIVERS ACROSS NORTHEAST LOUISIANA AND SOUTHEAST ARKANSAS ARE ALL OUT
OF BANKS. FLOODING SHOULD EXCEED THE MAY FLOOD OF 1991. MANY OF THE
BAYOUS AND RIVERS ARE OVERFLOWING INTO NEIGHBORING RIVER BASINS WHICH
IS MAKING THE FORECAST PROCESS DIFFICULT. FLOODING FROM RAINFALL ON
THE GROUND WILL CONTINUE FOR A WHILE AND THE WATER WILL HAVE A
DIFFICULT TIME RUNNING INTO FLOODED STREAMS. BAYOU BARTHOLEMEW AT
JONES, LA AND IN SOUTHEAST ARKANSAS WILL BE NEAR NOVEMBER 2009 LEVELS
AND MAY EXCEED THOSE LEVELS. RAINFALL IS PROGRESSING ACROSS
MISSISSIPPI AT THE CURRENT TIME. THE LEADING EDGE IS JUST TO THE
NW OF THE I-59 CORRIDOR AND NW OF I-20 NEAR MERIDIAN. RIVERS ARE
RISING RAPIDLY AS THE LEADING EDGE MOVES ACROSS THE REGIONS. MODERATE
RAINFALL WILL PERSIST TONIGHT IN MISSISSIPPI CAUSING THE RIVER RISES
TO CONTINUE. EXPECT SHARP RISES ALONG THE UPPER AND LOWER PEARL, BIG
BLACK, UPPER LEAF, AND HOMOCHITTO RIVERS. ADDITIONAL RAINFALL IS
EXPECTED OVER THE NEXT 48 HOURS. MINOR TO MODERATE RIVER FLOODING IS
POSSIBLE ALONG MANY OF THE RIVERS IN MISSISSIPPI. /MVP/
&&
.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
JACKSON 67 72 64 72 / 85 91 65 79
MERIDIAN 66 71 61 73 / 98 88 56 76
VICKSBURG 67 72 66 73 / 55 87 69 75
HATTIESBURG 67 71 64 73 / 99 98 80 79
NATCHEZ 68 72 65 73 / 61 90 73 72
GREENVILLE 62 70 63 71 / 32 77 64 78
GREENWOOD 65 71 64 73 / 49 83 58 78
&&
.JAN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MS...FLASH FLOOD WATCH THROUGH SATURDAY AFTERNOON FOR MSZ018-019-
025>028-034>036-040>043-047>066-072>074.
LA...FLASH FLOOD WATCH THROUGH SATURDAY AFTERNOON FOR LAZ007>009-015-
016-023>026.
AR...FLASH FLOOD WATCH THROUGH SATURDAY AFTERNOON FOR ARZ074-075.
&&Hazardous weather outlook, Mar 10, 3:04 PM CST, 10 hours 53 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS 304 PM CST THU MAR 10 2016 ARZ074-075-LAZ007>009-015-023-MSZ018-019-034-040-112115- ASHLEY-CHICOT-MOREHOUSE-WEST CARROLL-EAST CARROLL-RICHLAND- FRANKLIN LA-BOLIVAR-SUNFLOWER-WASHINGTON-ISSAQUENA- 304 PM CST THU MAR 10 2016 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTHEAST ARKANSAS...NORTHEAST LOUISIANA...NORTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...AND WEST CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND FRIDAY FLOODING THREAT...EXTREME TIMING...TONIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY SIGNIFICANT FLASH FLOODING IS IMMINENT THROUGH FRIDAY. ADDITIONAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 3 TO 5 INCHES ARE EXPECTED. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=1) .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY PERIODS OF HEAVY RAINFALL WHICH COULD RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING ARE EXPECTED FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY. ADDITIONAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 3 TO 5 INCHES ARE POSSIBLE. SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WIND GUSTS...QUARTER SIZE HAIL AND TORNADOES ARE POSSIBLE SUNDAY AFTERNOON AND NIGHT. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=2) .SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT... THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER OPERATIONS MAY BE NEEDED FOR PORTIONS OF THE REGION SUNDAY THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT. MSZ029>033-037>039-044>046-112115- WEBSTER-CLAY-LOWNDES-CHOCTAW-OKTIBBEHA-ATTALA-WINSTON-NOXUBEE- LEAKE-NESHOBA-KEMPER- 304 PM CST THU MAR 10 2016 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...EAST CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...NORTH CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...AND NORTHEAST MISSISSIPPI. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND FRIDAY FLOODING THREAT...LIMITED TIMING...TONIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY HEAVY RAIN IS EXPECTED THROUGH FRIDAY, POSSIBLY RESULTING IN FLASH FLOODING. TOTAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 1 TO 3 INCHES ARE EXPECTED, WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS POSSIBLE. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=1) .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY PERIODS OF HEAVY RAINFALL WHICH COULD RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING ARE EXPECTED FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY, ESPECIALLY ALONG AND SOUTH OF I-20. ADDITIONAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 3 TO 5 INCHES ARE POSSIBLE. SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WIND GUSTS...QUARTER SIZE HAIL AND TORNADOES ARE POSSIBLE SUNDAY AFTERNOON AND NIGHT. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=2) .SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT... THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER OPERATIONS IS NOT EXPECTED THROUGH NEXT WEDNESDAY. MSZ028-043-049>052-055>058-063>066-072>074-112115- MONTGOMERY-MADISON MS-RANKIN-SCOTT-NEWTON-LAUDERDALE-SIMPSON- SMITH-JASPER-CLARKE-LAWRENCE-JEFFERSON DAVIS-COVINGTON-JONES- MARION-LAMAR-FORREST- 304 PM CST THU MAR 10 2016 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...EAST CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...NORTH CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...SOUTH CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...AND SOUTHEAST MISSISSIPPI. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND FRIDAY FLOODING THREAT...ELEVATED TIMING...TONIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY HEAVY RAIN RESULTING IN FLASH FLOODING IS EXPECTED THROUGH FRIDAY. TOTAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 2 TO 4 INCHES ARE EXPECTED, WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS POSSIBLE. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=1) .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY PERIODS OF HEAVY RAINFALL WHICH COULD RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING ARE EXPECTED FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY. ADDITIONAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 3 TO 5 INCHES ARE POSSIBLE. SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WIND GUSTS...QUARTER SIZE HAIL AND TORNADOES ARE POSSIBLE SUNDAY AFTERNOON AND NIGHT, MAINLY FOR AREAS NORTH OF I-20. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=2) .SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT... THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER OPERATIONS IS NOT EXPECTED THROUGH NEXT WEDNESDAY. LAZ016-024>026-MSZ025>027-035-036-041-042-047-048-053-054-059>062- 112115- MADISON LA-CATAHOULA-TENSAS-CONCORDIA-LEFLORE-GRENADA-CARROLL- HUMPHREYS-HOLMES-SHARKEY-YAZOO-WARREN-HINDS-CLAIBORNE-COPIAH- JEFFERSON-ADAMS-FRANKLIN MS-LINCOLN- 304 PM CST THU MAR 10 2016 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF NORTHEAST LOUISIANA...CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...NORTH CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI... SOUTH CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...SOUTHWEST MISSISSIPPI...AND WEST CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND FRIDAY FLOODING THREAT...SIGNIFICANT TIMING...TONIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY SIGNIFICANT FLASH FLOODING WILL BE POSSIBLE THROUGH FRIDAY. ADDITIONAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 2 TO 4 INCHES ARE EXPECTED, WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS POSSIBLE. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=1) .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY PERIODS OF HEAVY RAINFALL WHICH COULD RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING ARE EXPECTED FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY. ADDITIONAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 3 TO 5 INCHES ARE POSSIBLE. SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WIND GUSTS...QUARTER SIZE HAIL AND TORNADOES ARE POSSIBLE SUNDAY AFTERNOON AND NIGHT...MAINLY NORTH OF I20. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=2) .SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT... THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER OPERATIONS MAY BE NEEDED FOR PORTIONS OF THE REGION SUNDAY THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT. 26 && ...HAZARD LEGEND... *FLOODING* EXTREME...CONFIDENT IN SIGNIFICANT FLOODING. SIGNIFICANT...SIGNIFICANT FLOODING POSSIBLE. ELEVATED...CONFIDENT IN FLOODING. LIMITED...FLOODING POSSIBLE. ...USEFUL WEATHER WEB PAGES (URLS)... NWS JAN HOME PAGE... WWW.WEATHER.GOV/JAN STAY AWARE, STAY SAFE NWS JAN BRIEFING PAGE... WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/JAN/?N=SAFE FIND NWS JAN ON FACEBOOK... WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/NWSJACKSONMS FOLLOW NWS JAN ON TWITTER... @NWSJACKSONMS PLEASE CONVERT ALL WEB ADDRESSES TO LOWER CASE BEFORE ENTERING!
In the hours before
Local storm report, Mar 10, 11:35 PM CST, 2 hours 22 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1135 PM CST THU MAR 10 2016
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0900 PM FLASH FLOOD QUITMAN 32.04N 88.72W
03/10/2016 CLARKE MS BROADCAST MEDIA
MULTIPLE ROADS FLOODED IN THE CITY OF QUITMAN. ALSO
FLOODING ON CR 320 AND CR 120
&&
DLLocal storm report, Mar 10, 11:36 PM CST, 2 hours 21 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1136 PM CST THU MAR 10 2016
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1000 PM FLASH FLOOD QUITMAN 32.04N 88.72W
03/10/2016 CLARKE MS PUBLIC
NUMEROUS ROADS FLOODED ACROSS CLARKE COUNTY. REPORTS VIA
SOCIAL MEDIA.
&&
DLLocal storm report, Mar 10, 11:48 PM CST, 2 hours 9 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1148 PM CST THU MAR 10 2016
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1145 PM FLASH FLOOD 3 SSE ELLISVILLE 31.56N 89.19W
03/10/2016 JONES MS EMERGENCY MNGR
THREE MILE STRETCH FLOODED...LOGS FLOATING ACROSS THE
ROAD FROM RECENT LOGGING
&&
DLLocal storm report, Mar 11, 12:41 AM CST, 1 hour 16 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1241 AM CST FRI MAR 11 2016
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0800 PM FLASH FLOOD QUITMAN 32.04N 88.72W
03/10/2016 CLARKE MS EMERGENCY MNGR
WATER IN THREE HOMES AND THREE INCHES OF WATER IN THE
EOC. SEVERAL ROADS WASHED OUT WITH OTHER ROADS IMPASSABLE
BETWEEN QUITMAN AND ENTERPRISE.
&&
MMELocal storm report, Mar 11, 12:57 AM CST, 1 hour before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1257 AM CST FRI MAR 11 2016
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1245 AM FLASH FLOOD 7 ENE ZAMA 33.01N 89.28W
03/11/2016 WINSTON MS LAW ENFORCEMENT
WATER ACROSS HINZE CHURCH ROY LEECH RD
&&
DLLocal storm report, Mar 11, 1:34 AM CST, 23 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
134 AM CST FRI MAR 11 2016
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0125 AM FLASH FLOOD COLUMBIA 31.26N 89.83W
03/11/2016 MARION MS LAW ENFORCEMENT
SEVERAL ROADS FLOODED ACROSS THE CITY
&&
DLThe office that day
Everything else NWS Jackson, MS issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mar 10, 6:06 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Clarke, Lauderdale | 24 min |
| Mar 10, 6:33 PM CST | Areal Flood Warning | JAN | Issaquena, Sharkey, Warren | 6 hr |
| Mar 10, 6:43 PM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Clarke, Lauderdale | 9 hr |
| Mar 10, 6:51 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Forrest | 24 min |
| Mar 10, 7:04 PM CST | Areal Flood Warning | JAN | Claiborne, Copiah, Hinds, Madison, Newton, Rankin and 1 more | 12 hr |
| Mar 10, 7:34 PM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Forrest, Lamar | 10 hr |
| Mar 10, 8:00 PM CST | Areal Flood Warning | JAN | Copiah, Jefferson Davis, Lawrence, Simpson | 12 hr |
| Mar 10, 8:05 PM CST | Areal Flood Warning | JAN | Covington, Jefferson Davis, Smith | 12 hr |
| Mar 10, 8:51 PM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Carroll, Leflore | 9 days |
| Mar 10, 9:05 PM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Neshoba | 6 days |
| Mar 10, 9:05 PM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Leake | 4 days |
| Mar 10, 9:05 PM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Leake | 7 days |
| Mar 10, 9:05 PM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Hinds, Rankin | 11 days |
| Mar 10, 9:15 PM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Simpson | 3 days |
| Mar 10, 10:49 PM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Covington, Jefferson Davis, Lawrence | 12 hr |
| Mar 10, 11:08 PM CST | Areal Flood Warning | JAN | Bolivar, Sunflower, Washington | 9 hr |
| Mar 11, 12:28 AM CST | Areal Flood Warning | JAN | Issaquena, Sharkey | 9 hr |
| Mar 11, 12:52 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Choctaw, Oktibbeha, Winston | 12 hr |
| Mar 11, 1:59 AM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Covington, Forrest | 3 days |
| Mar 11, 2:02 AM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Jones | 5 days |
| Mar 11, 2:06 AM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Clarke | 4 days |
| Mar 11, 2:10 AM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Forrest | 3 days |
| Mar 11, 2:11 AM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Noxubee | 7 days |
| Mar 11, 3:28 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Jasper, Jones | 6 hr |
| Mar 11, 3:41 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Clarke | 6 hr |
| Mar 11, 5:15 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Hinds, Madison, Yazoo | 6 hr |
| Mar 11, 5:27 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Forrest, Lamar | 4 hr |
| Mar 11, 6:45 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Issaquena, Sharkey, Warren | 6 hr |
| Mar 11, 7:04 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Claiborne, Jefferson | 6 hr |
| Mar 11, 7:06 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Copiah, Lincoln | 6 hr |
| Mar 11, 7:10 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Leake, Rankin, Scott | 6 hr |
| Mar 11, 7:28 AM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Forrest | 4 days |
| Mar 11, 7:29 AM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Clarke | 6 days |
| Mar 11, 8:17 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Simpson, Smith | 6 hr |
| Mar 11, 8:18 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Kemper, Lauderdale, Neshoba, Newton | 6 hr |
| Mar 11, 8:32 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Bolivar, Humphreys, Sunflower, Washington | 6 hr |
| Mar 11, 8:38 AM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Sharkey | 27 days |
| Mar 11, 8:40 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Attala, Carroll, Grenada, Holmes, Leflore, Montgomery | 6 hr |
| Mar 11, 8:59 AM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Leake | 7 days |
| Mar 11, 8:59 AM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Leake | 9 days |
| Mar 11, 8:59 AM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Leake | 5 days |
| Mar 11, 8:59 AM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Attala | 4 days |
| Mar 11, 8:59 AM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Madison, Rankin | 6 days |
| Mar 11, 9:28 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Forrest, Lamar, Marion | 9 hr |
| Mar 11, 9:29 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Jasper, Jones | 6 hr |
| Mar 11, 9:33 AM CST | River Flood Warning | JAN | Clay | 3 days |
| Mar 11, 9:35 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Clarke | 9 hr |
| Mar 11, 10:40 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Covington, Jefferson Davis, Lawrence | 4 hr |
| Mar 11, 11:16 AM CST | Areal Flood Warning | JAN | Claiborne, Copiah, Hinds, Issaquena, Leake, Madison and 7 more | 21 hr |
| Mar 11, 11:24 AM CST | River Flood Advisory | JAN | Bolivar, Washington | 36 hr |
| Mar 11, 11:24 AM CST | River Flood Advisory | JAN | Issaquena, Washington | 36 hr |
| Mar 11, 12:34 PM CST | Areal Flood Warning | JAN | Choctaw, Oktibbeha, Winston | 9 hr |
| Mar 11, 2:14 PM CST | Areal Flood Warning | JAN | Kemper, Lauderdale, Neshoba, Newton | 6 hr |
| Mar 11, 2:27 PM CST | Areal Flood Warning | JAN | Bolivar, Humphreys, Sunflower, Washington | 9 hr |
| Mar 11, 2:34 PM CST | Areal Flood Warning | JAN | Attala, Carroll, Grenada, Holmes, Leflore, Montgomery | 9 hr |
| Mar 11, 2:47 PM CST | Areal Flood Warning | JAN | Covington, Jefferson Davis, Lawrence | 9 hr |
| Mar 11, 3:02 PM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Jasper, Jones | 3 hr |
Nearby
River Flood Warnings in Mississippi, 2016Every river flood warning in 2016
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive; the gauge from the NWS water service and the USGS.