Alert archive / North Carolina / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2016
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 156, NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 13, 2016, 4:39 PM EDT for Haywood County, North Carolina. It was in force for 32 min. 2 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Jul 13, 2016, 4:39 PM EDT (20:39 UTC)
- Expired
- Jul 13, 2016, 5:11 PM EDT
- In force
- 32 min
- Issued by
- NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Hail
- 1.0 in
- Wind
- 60.0 mph
County Haywood County, NC
The radar
The Greer radar (KGSP), 83 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:42 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 13, 4:40 PM EDT | HAIL 0.75 | 5 E Waynesville, NC | HAD BRIEF DIME SIZED HAIL. NEARBY TREE FELL BY LIGHTNING IN NEIGHBORS YARD. |
| Jul 13, 4:49 PM EDT | HAIL 1 | 4 Sse Clyde, NC | HAIL RANGED FROM PEA TO QUARTER-SIZED ACROSS THE LOCALLY KNOWN AREA OF BETHEL...WITHIN WOODROW...NC. THIS SITE RECEIVED 1.1 INCHES OF RAIN FROM THE STORM. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 10 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Greensboro/Hi Pt, NC (KGSO), launched 12:00Z, 8.7 hours before the alert went out and 272 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 135 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -74 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 1492 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 6 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- -66 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- -12 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
The text
As transmitted.
483
WUUS52 KGSP 132039
SVRGSP
NCC087-132130-
/O.NEW.KGSP.SV.W.0156.160713T2039Z-160713T2130Z/
BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
439 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG HAS ISSUED A
* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
SOUTHEASTERN HAYWOOD COUNTY IN WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA...
* UNTIL 530 PM EDT
* AT 439 PM EDT...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED 7 MILES EAST OF
WAYNESVILLE...OR 5 MILES SOUTH OF CANTON...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 10
MPH.
HAZARD...60 MPH WIND GUSTS AND QUARTER SIZE HAIL.
SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED.
IMPACT...HAIL DAMAGE TO VEHICLES IS EXPECTED. EXPECT WIND DAMAGE
TO ROOFS...SIDING AND TREES.
* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
CRUSO...MOUNT PISGAH...CANTON.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
BRIEF DAMAGING WINDS WILL BLOW DOWN TREES AND POWER LINES OVER SMALL
AREAS. A BRIEF PERIOD OF LARGE HAIL IS ALSO POSSIBLE. SEEK SHELTER
INSIDE AN INTERIOR ROOM.
PLEASE REPORT DAMAGING WINDS...HAIL...OR FLOODING TO THE NATIONAL
WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG BY CALLING TOLL
FREE...1...800... 2 6 7...8 1 0 1...OR BY POSTING ON OUR FACEBOOK
PAGE...OR TWEET IT USING HASHTAG NWSGSP. YOUR MESSAGE SHOULD
DESCRIBE THE EVENT AND THE SPECIFIC LOCATION WHERE IT OCCURRED.
&&
LAT...LON 3554 8286 3548 8280 3544 8278 3542 8274
3542 8275 3541 8275 3540 8276 3534 8289
3550 8294
TIME...MOT...LOC 2039Z 313DEG 9KT 3546 8287
HAIL...1.00IN
WIND...60MPH
$$
LANE1 follow-up statement
565
WWUS52 KGSP 132111
SVSGSP
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
511 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016
NCC087-132121-
/O.CAN.KGSP.SV.W.0156.000000T0000Z-160713T2130Z/
HAYWOOD NC-
511 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016
...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR SOUTHEASTERN HAYWOOD COUNTY IS
CANCELLED...
THE STORM WHICH PROMPTED THE WARNING HAS WEAKENED BELOW SEVERE
LIMITS...AND NO LONGER POSES AN IMMEDIATE THREAT TO LIFE OR PROPERTY.
THEREFORE THE WARNING HAS BEEN CANCELLED.
LAT...LON 3554 8286 3548 8280 3544 8278 3542 8274
3542 8275 3541 8275 3540 8276 3534 8289
3550 8294
TIME...MOT...LOC 2109Z 313DEG 9KT 3540 8280
$$
LANEWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 13, 3:22 PM EDT, 1 hour 17 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Jul 13, 3:22 PM EDT, 1 hour 17 minutes before
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Greenville-Spartanburg SC
322 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016
.SYNOPSIS...
Influence from a Bermuda high will keep the area in a typical
summertime pattern through Thursday. A weak cold front will approach
the southern Appalachians by Friday and stall through early next
week, generally enhancing rain and thunderstorm chances across the
forecast area.
&&
.NEAR TERM /THROUGH THURSDAY/...
At 230 PM Wednesday: Zonal upper flow was in place across most of
the CONUS this afternoon, and this pattern is expected to persist
into Thursday. A weak shortwave is expected to cross the southern
Appalachians this evening, perhaps followed by an even weaker one on
Thursday. Weak surface troughing is expected to persist over the
Carolinas and northeast Georgia through Thursday.
Although instability is present this afternoon, moisture is somewhat
limited, especially east of the mountains, and shear is rather weak,
limiting convective coverage and intensity. Instability and
moisture appear to be slightly greater on Thursday, mainly over the
mountains, improving convection chances and coverage slightly.
Temperatures will run above normal both tonight and tomorrow, with
heat index values between 100 and 102 in the upper Savannah River
Valley Thursday afternoon.
&&
.SHORT TERM /THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH SATURDAY/...
As of 230 pm EDT Wednesday, troughiness extending from the Great
Lakes to the mid South will push east toward the southern
Appalachians on Friday. At the surface, a lee trough will develop as
the upper support arrives and likely west to solid chance PoPs for
convection will be supported by late day. A surface reflection may
form over the piedmont of the western Carolinas late Friday, and
this added forcing will likely keep scattered convection going well
into the nighttime hours Friday night/Saturday morning - especially
with upper divergence increasing as well. Consensus SBCAPE values of
2000 to 2500 J/kg look likely as 850 mb flow toggles more southerly
and there is less dewpoint mixing late Friday. Wind profiles will be
fairly weak up the column and organized severe is not likely, but
pulse to multicell isolated severe will be possible.
The trailing surface cold front will settle into the region and
stall on Saturday. This should lead to another day of fairly robust
coverage across the forecast area, but temperatures should be cooler
with more clouds.
&&
.LONG TERM /SATURDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY/...
As of 200 PM Wednesday...the extended period begins 00Z Sunday with
a large, deep upper ridge setting up over the central plains and a
trough deepening over the eastern CONUS. At the surface, a weak
frontal boundary stalled across the southern Appalachians will
remain relatively stationary through the end of the extended period.
The combination of the upper trough, some upper diffluence over the
southeast, and the stalled boundary will enhance precip chances
through the middle of next week, though pops will remain diurnally
favored and generally higher over the higher terrain. The strong
upper ridge will continue to deepen over the central CONUS through
the middle of next week, but its influence on temps will remain
generally confined to the central plains, and max and min temps will
remain near or less than a category above normal.
&&
.AVIATION /20Z WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY/...
At KCLT: VFR. Convective chances this afternoon are a bit too low to
mention. Overnight vsby restrictions remain northeast of the field.
Cigs, though not supported, would be low VFR. Winds will favor the
SW.
Elsewhere: Afternoon convective chances only reach levels warranting
a mention at KAVL, but foothills sites will be close. Vsby
restrictions will be limited to KAVL, but restrictions are expected to
the west of KHKY. Cigs are not favored, but would be low VFR in the
foothills and upper MVFR at KAVL if they occur. Winds will favor the
SW in the foothills, and NW at KAVL.
Outlook: Fairly typical midsummer weather with PM showers and
thunderstorms expected through Friday. A frontal boundary pushing
in this weekend will enhance the daily coverage thereof. Each day,
AM fog and low stratus will be possible in the mountain river
valleys and also in locations that receive heavy rainfall in the
preceding PM.
Confidence Table...
19-01Z 01-07Z 07-13Z 13-18Z
KCLT High 100% High 100% High 100% High 100%
KGSP High 100% High 100% High 100% High 100%
KAVL High 100% High 100% Low 58% High 84%
KHKY High 100% High 100% High 100% High 100%
KGMU High 100% High 100% High 100% High 100%
KAND High 100% High 100% High 100% High 100%
The percentage reflects the number of guidance members agreeing
with the scheduled TAF issuance flight rule category. Complete hourly
experimental aviation forecast consistency tables and ensemble forecasts
are available at the following link:
www.weather.gov/gsp/aviation
&&
.GSP WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
GA...None.
NC...None.
SC...None.
&&
SYNOPSIS...LEV
NEAR TERM...JAT
SHORT TERM...HG
LONG TERM...LEV
AVIATION...JATHazardous weather outlook, Jul 13, 3:44 PM EDT, 55 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 344 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016 GAZ010-017-NCZ033-048>053-058-059-062>065-501-503-505-507-509- SCZ001>003-141945- RABUN-HABERSHAM-AVERY-MADISON-YANCEY-MITCHELL-SWAIN-HAYWOOD-BUNCOMBE- GRAHAM-NORTHERN JACKSON-MACON-SOUTHERN JACKSON-TRANSYLVANIA- HENDERSON-CALDWELL MOUNTAINS-BURKE MOUNTAINS-MCDOWELL MOUNTAINS- RUTHERFORD MOUNTAINS-POLK MOUNTAINS-OCONEE MOUNTAINS- PICKENS MOUNTAINS-GREENVILLE MOUNTAINS- 344 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR THE MOUNTAINS OF NORTHEAST GEORGIA...WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA AND UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA. .DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT. SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS WILL DEVELOP ACROSS THE MOUNTAINS LATE THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH EARLY EVENING BEFORE SLOWLY DIMINISHING THROUGH LATE EVENING. COVERAGE OF THE THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE GREATEST ACROSS THE SOUTHERN MOUNTAINS NEAR THE BORDER BETWEEN NORTH CAROLINA...SOUTH CAROLINA...AND GEORGIA. DANGEROUS CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING AND HEAVY RAIN WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH ANY OF THESE STORMS...BUT THE STRONGER STORMS MAY ALSO PRODUCE BRIEFLY GUSTY WINDS. ONE OR TWO THUNDERSTORMS COULD BECOME SEVERE. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY. ..THURSDAY...NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. ..FRIDAY...NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. ..SATURDAY...NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. ..SUNDAY...NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. ..MONDAY...NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. ..TUESDAY...NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTERS ARE ASKED TO RELAY ANY REPORTS OF DAMAGING WINDS OR LARGE HAIL TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE. GAZ018-026-028-029-NCZ035>037-056-057-068>072-082-502-504-506-508- 510-SCZ004>014-019-141945- STEPHENS-FRANKLIN-HART-ELBERT-ALEXANDER-IREDELL-DAVIE-CATAWBA-ROWAN- CLEVELAND-LINCOLN-GASTON-MECKLENBURG-CABARRUS-UNION-GREATER CALDWELL- GREATER BURKE-EASTERN MCDOWELL-GREATER RUTHERFORD-EASTERN POLK- GREATER OCONEE-GREATER PICKENS-GREATER GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG- CHEROKEE-YORK-ANDERSON-ABBEVILLE-LAURENS-CHESTER-GREENWOOD- 344 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR FOOTHILLS AND PIEDMONT OF NORTHEAST GEORGIA...WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA AND UPSTATE SOUTH CAROLINA. .DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT. ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS WILL DEVELOP ACROSS THE FOOTHILLS AND PIEDMONT OF THE WESTERN CAROLINAS AND NORTHEAST GEORGIA LATE THIS AFTERNOON THROUGH EARLY EVENING BEFORE SLOWLY DIMINISHING THROUGH LATE EVENING. COVERAGE WILL BE GREATEST IN LOCATIONS CLOSER TO THE MOUNTAINS. DANGEROUS CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING AND HEAVY RAIN WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH ANY OF THESE STORMS...BUT THE STRONGER STORMS MAY ALSO PRODUCE BRIEFLY GUSTY WINDS. ONE OR TWO OF THE THUNDERSTORMS COULD BECOME SEVERE. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY. ..THURSDAY...NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. ..FRIDAY...NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. ..SATURDAY...NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. ..SUNDAY...NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. ..MONDAY...NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. ..TUESDAY...NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTERS ARE ASKED TO RELAY ANY REPORTS OF DAMAGING WINDS OR LARGE HAIL TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE. GERAPETRITIS
In the hours before
Local storm report, Jul 13, 12:48 PM EDT, 3 hours 51 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
1248 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0745 PM TSTM WND DMG 5 W MARION 35.68N 82.10W
07/08/2016 MCDOWELL NC CO-OP OBSERVER
TREE ON A HOUSE ALONG HIGHWAY 70
&&Special weather statement, Jul 13, 3:24 PM EDT, 1 hour 15 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
324 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016
SCZ002-131945-
PICKENS MOUNTAINS SC-
324 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT NORTHWESTERN PICKENS COUNTY
UNTIL 345 PM EDT...
AT 323 PM EDT...DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING A STRONG THUNDERSTORM 12
MILES NORTHWEST OF PICKENS...OR 6 MILES NORTH OF JOCASSEE GORGES...
MOVING SOUTH AT 5 MPH.
LOCATIONS TO BE IMPACTED INCLUDE...
JOCASSEE GORGES...SASSAFRAS MOUNTAIN AND ROCKY BOTTOM.
PEA SIZE HAIL AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 40 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE IN THESE
AREAS.
LAT...LON 3507 8285 3508 8280 3508 8279 3507 8278
3507 8277 3502 8274 3500 8287
TIME...MOT...LOC 1923Z 345DEG 5KT 3504 8282
LANESpecial weather statement, Jul 13, 4:11 PM EDT, 28 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC 411 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016 NCZ502-504-132030- GREATER CALDWELL NC-GREATER BURKE NC- 411 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016 ...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT SOUTH CENTRAL CALDWELL AND CENTRAL BURKE COUNTIES UNTIL 430 PM EDT... AT 411 PM EDT...DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING A STRONG THUNDERSTORM 6 MILES SOUTHWEST OF LENOIR...OR NEAR CAJAH'S MOUNTAIN...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 10 MPH. LOCATIONS TO BE IMPACTED INCLUDE... DREXEL...GAMEWELL AND LAKE RHODHISS. HALF INCH HAIL AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE IN THESE AREAS. LAT...LON 3582 8165 3586 8161 3581 8152 3575 8160 TIME...MOT...LOC 2011Z 314DEG 8KT 3582 8159 LANE
Special weather statement, Jul 13, 4:17 PM EDT, 22 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
417 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016
NCZ502-132045-
GREATER CALDWELL NC-
417 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016
...A THUNDERSTORM WITH TORRENTIAL RAINFALL WILL IMPACT SOUTHEASTERN
CALDWELL COUNTY UNTIL 445 PM EDT...
AT 417 PM EDT...DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING A THUNDERSTORM WITH
TORRENTIAL RAINFALL 7 MILES SOUTHEAST OF LENOIR...OR OVER SAWMILLS...
MOVING EAST AT 10 MPH.
LOCATIONS TO BE IMPACTED INCLUDE...
SAWMILLS...GRANITE FALLS...RHODHISS...HUDSON AND LAKE RHODHISS.
TORRENTIAL RAINFALL RATES UP TO 3 INCHES PER HOUR WILL BE POSSIBLE IN
THESE AREAS.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
TORRENTIAL RAINFALL MAY FLOOD AREAS WITH POOR DRAINAGE...SUCH AS
DITCHES AND UNDERPASSES. AVOID THESE AREAS AND DO NOT CROSS FLOODED
ROADS. WATER LEVELS OF SMALL STREAMS MAY ALSO RISE RAPIDLY. SEEK
HIGHER GROUND IF THREATENED BY FLOOD WATERS. DO NOT DRIVE ACROSS
FLOODED ROADS.
&&
LAT...LON 3586 8140 3577 8139 3577 8144 3579 8145
3578 8149 3578 8152 3584 8151
TIME...MOT...LOC 2017Z 265DEG 7KT 3581 8147
LANESpecial weather statement, Jul 13, 4:24 PM EDT, 15 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GREENVILLE-SPARTANBURG SC
424 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016
NCZ052-132100-
HAYWOOD NC-
424 PM EDT WED JUL 13 2016
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL IMPACT EAST CENTRAL HAYWOOD COUNTY
UNTIL 500 PM EDT...
AT 424 PM EDT...DOPPLER RADAR WAS TRACKING A STRONG THUNDERSTORM 8
MILES NORTHEAST OF WAYNESVILLE...OR NEAR CANTON...MOVING EAST AT 5
MPH.
LOCATIONS TO BE IMPACTED INCLUDE...
CANTON AND CLYDE.
HALF INCH HAIL...WIND GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH AND TORRENTIAL RAINFALL
RATES UP TO 3 INCHES PER HOUR WILL BE POSSIBLE IN THESE AREAS.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
TORRENTIAL RAINFALL MAY FLOOD AREAS WITH POOR DRAINAGE...SUCH AS
DITCHES AND UNDERPASSES. AVOID THESE AREAS AND DO NOT CROSS FLOODED
ROADS. WATER LEVELS OF SMALL STREAMS MAY ALSO RISE RAPIDLY. SEEK
HIGHER GROUND IF THREATENED BY FLOOD WATERS. DO NOT DRIVE ACROSS
FLOODED ROADS.
&&
LAT...LON 3552 8278 3551 8279 3550 8289 3554 8292
3560 8283
TIME...MOT...LOC 2024Z 255DEG 5KT 3554 8286
LANEThe office that day
Everything else NWS Greenville-Spartanburg, SC issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jul 13, 4:11 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Burke | 19 min |
| Jul 13, 4:17 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Caldwell | 28 min |
| Jul 13, 4:24 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Haywood | 36 min |
| Jul 13, 5:08 PM EDT | Special Weather Statement | GSP | Buncombe | 22 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in North Carolina, 2016Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2016
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.