Alert archive / Indiana / Tornado Watches in 2015

Tornado Watch 438

July 18, 201524 counties in Indiana; 24 counties in Michigan

The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at Jul 18, 2015, 4:59 PM EDT for 24 counties in Indiana; 24 counties in Michigan. It was in force for 5 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Jul 18, 2015, 4:59 PM EDT (20:59 UTC)
Expired
Jul 18, 2015, 9:30 PM EDT
In force
5 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Largest hail expected
1.5 in
Strongest gust expected
60 kt
All 48 counties

Adams County, IN, Allen County, IN, Blackford County, IN, Cass County, IN, DeKalb County, IN, Elkhart County, IN, Fulton County, IN, Grant County, IN, Huntington County, IN, Jay County, IN, Kosciusko County, IN, LaGrange County, IN, LaPorte County, IN, Marshall County, IN, Miami County, IN, Noble County, IN, Pulaski County, IN, Saint Joseph County, IN, Starke County, IN, Steuben County, IN, Wabash County, IN, Wells County, IN, White County, IN, Whitley County, IN, Allegan County, MI, Barry County, MI, Berrien County, MI, Branch County, MI, Calhoun County, MI, Cass County, MI, Clinton County, MI, Eaton County, MI, Gratiot County, MI, Hillsdale County, MI, Ingham County, MI, Ionia County, MI, Isabella County, MI, Jackson County, MI, Kalamazoo County, MI, Kent County, MI, Mecosta County, MI, Montcalm County, MI, Muskegon County, MI, Newaygo County, MI, Oceana County, MI, Ottawa County, MI, Saint Joseph County, MI, Van Buren County, MI

The radar

The Grand Rapids radar (KGRR), 60 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 21:03 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What SPC expected

The probabilities SPC published with the watch, for the watch area over its life.

Two or more tornadoes
40%
One or more EF2 to EF5 tornadoes
20%
Ten or more severe wind reports
70%
One or more gusts of 65 knots or more
10%
Ten or more severe hail reports
30%
One or more hailstones of 2 inches or more
5%
Six or more combined severe hail and wind reports
90%

Warnings issued inside it

18 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Jul 18, 5:33 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXLaPorte42 min
Jul 18, 5:48 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXBerrien, Cass42 min
Jul 18, 6:19 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningIWXLaPorte3 hr
Jul 18, 6:27 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXLaPorte48 min
Jul 18, 6:28 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXBerrien, Cass, Saint Joseph47 min
Jul 18, 6:39 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRRVan Buren51 min
Jul 18, 6:43 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXElkhart, Kosciusko, Marshall, Saint Joseph47 min
Jul 18, 6:47 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXNoble, Whitley23 min
Jul 18, 6:56 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXFulton, Kosciusko, Marshall64 min
Jul 18, 6:56 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRRKalamazoo49 min
Jul 18, 7:07 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningGRRAllegan, Barry38 min
Jul 18, 7:13 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningIWXKosciusko, Marshall4 hr
Jul 18, 7:14 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXElkhart, LaGrange46 min
Jul 18, 7:22 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXKosciusko, Noble, Whitley53 min
Jul 18, 7:33 PM EDTFlash Flood WarningIWXKosciusko, Noble, Whitley4 hr
Jul 18, 7:57 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXLaGrange, Steuben63 min
Jul 18, 7:57 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXAllen, DeKalb, Noble, Whitley63 min
Jul 18, 8:36 PM EDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningIWXAdams, Allen, Wells24 min

Discussions around it

SPC mesoscale discussions over the same counties from four hours before the watch to its end.

The nearest sounding before it

Detroit, MI (KDTX), launched 12:00Z, 9.0 hours before the alert went out and 217 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Detroit, MI at 12:00Z on 2015-07-18Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 1342 joules per kilogram.LCLLFCEL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Detroit, MI at 12:00Z on 2015-07-18The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 26 square meters per square second.1939Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
1342 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
-42 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL
793 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
18 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
26 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
71 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

524 
WWUS20 KWNS 182056
SEL8  
SPC WW 182056
INZ000-MIZ000-OHZ000-LMZ000-190400-

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 438
NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
500 PM EDT SAT JUL 18 2015

THE NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A

* TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF 
  NORTHERN INDIANA
  WESTERN LOWER MICHIGAN
  NORTHWEST OHIO
  LAKE MICHIGAN

* EFFECTIVE THIS SATURDAY AFTERNOON FROM 500 PM UNTIL MIDNIGHT
  EDT.

* PRIMARY THREATS INCLUDE...
  A COUPLE TORNADOES POSSIBLE
  SCATTERED DAMAGING WIND GUSTS TO 70 MPH LIKELY
  ISOLATED LARGE HAIL EVENTS TO 1.5 INCHES IN DIAMETER POSSIBLE

SUMMARY...THUNDERSTORM COMPLEX NOW OVER SE WI/NE IL EXPECTED TO
MOVE/DEVELOP GENERALLY E OR ESE INTO PARTS OF LWR MI/NRN INDIANA
THROUGH THIS EVENING...WITH ADDITIONAL STORMS POSSIBLY FORMING S AND
E OF THE CLUSTER. SOME OF THE STORMS WILL BE CAPABLE OF DAMAGING
WIND...MARGINALLY SEVERE HAIL...AND A COUPLE TORNADOES.

THE TORNADO WATCH AREA IS APPROXIMATELY ALONG AND 60 STATUTE
MILES EAST AND WEST OF A LINE FROM 50 MILES NORTH NORTHEAST OF
MUSKEGON MICHIGAN TO 45 MILES SOUTHWEST OF FORT WAYNE INDIANA. 
FOR A COMPLETE DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE THE ASSOCIATED WATCH
OUTLINE UPDATE (WOUS64 KWNS WOU8).

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

REMEMBER...A TORNADO WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE FOR
TORNADOES AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH
AREA. PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR
THREATENING WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS
AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS.

&&

OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...CONTINUE...WW 436...WW 437...

AVIATION...TORNADOES AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL
SURFACE AND ALOFT TO 1.5 INCHES. EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE
WIND GUSTS TO 60 KNOTS. A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO
550. MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 28030.


...CORFIDI

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Jul 18, 1:26 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAdams, Allen, Blackford, Carroll, Cass, Clinton and 20 more2 hr
Jul 18, 2:31 PM EDTTornado WatchSPCBenton, Jasper, Lake, Newton, Porter5 hr
Jul 18, 4:21 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAllen, Carroll, Cass, DeKalb, Elkhart, Fulton and 16 more84 min
Jul 18, 6:43 PM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAllen, Cass, DeKalb, Elkhart, Fulton, Huntington and 17 more92 min
Jul 18, 7:37 AM EDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBenzie, Lake, Manistee, Mason, Muskegon, Newaygo and 3 more53 min

Nearby

Tornado Watches in Indiana, 2015Tornado Watches in Michigan, 2015Every tornado watch in 2015

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.