Alert archive / Wisconsin / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2015

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 3, NWS Milwaukee, WI

April 9, 2015Rock County, Wisconsin

NWS Milwaukee, WI issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Apr 9, 2015, 5:12 PM CDT for Rock County, Wisconsin. It was in force for 21 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: Apr 9, 2015, 5:12 PM CDT (22:12 UTC)
Expired: Apr 9, 2015, 5:33 PM CDT
In force: 21 min
Issued by: NWS Milwaukee, WI
Area: Storm-based polygon
Hail: 1.0 in
Wind: 60.0 mph

County Rock County, WI

The radar

The Milwaukee radar (KMKX), 67 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 22:12 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Apr 9, 1:48 PM CDT	Tornado Watch	SPC	9 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Davenport, (KDVN), launched 12:00Z, 10.2 hours before the alert went out and 156 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 101 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -154 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 614 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 55 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 323 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 253 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 1.4

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

493 
WUUS53 KMKX 092212
SVRMKX
WIC105-092245-
/O.NEW.KMKX.SV.W.0003.150409T2212Z-150409T2245Z/

BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
512 PM CDT THU APR 9 2015

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  NORTHWESTERN ROCK COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL WISCONSIN...

* UNTIL 545 PM CDT

* AT 511 PM CDT...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED OVER
  ORFORDVILLE...OR NEAR BRODHEAD...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 45 MPH.

  HAZARD...60 MPH WIND GUSTS AND QUARTER SIZE HAIL. 

  SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED. 

  IMPACT...HAIL DAMAGE TO VEHICLES IS EXPECTED. EXPECT WIND DAMAGE 
           TO ROOFS...SIDING AND TREES. 

* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  EDGERTON...EVANSVILLE...BRODHEAD...BROOKLYN...FULTON...MAGNOLIA...
  UNION...COOKSVILLE AND INDIANFORD.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
BUILDING.

THIS STORM HAS PRODUCED LARGE HAIL. SEEK SHELTER NOW INSIDE A STURDY 
STRUCTURE AND STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS.

&&

A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 PM CDT FOR SOUTH CENTRAL
WISCONSIN.

LAT...LON 4260 8937 4285 8937 4284 8898 4260 8935
TIME...MOT...LOC 2211Z 204DEG 37KT 4266 8926 

HAIL...1.00IN
WIND...60MPH
 
$$

BSH

1 follow-up statement

715 
WWUS53 KMKX 092233
SVSMKX

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
533 PM CDT THU APR 9 2015

WIC105-092242-
/O.CAN.KMKX.SV.W.0003.000000T0000Z-150409T2245Z/
ROCK WI-
533 PM CDT THU APR 9 2015

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR NORTHWESTERN ROCK COUNTY IS
CANCELLED...
                
THE STORM WHICH PROMPTED THE WARNING HAS WEAKENED BELOW SEVERE
LIMITS...AND NO LONGER POSE AN IMMEDIATE THREAT TO LIFE OR PROPERTY.
THEREFORE THE WARNING HAS BEEN CANCELLED.  HOWEVER SMALL HAIL IS
STILL POSSIBLE WITH THIS THUNDERSTORM.

A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 PM CDT FOR SOUTH CENTRAL
WISCONSIN.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 PM CDT FOR
SOUTH CENTRAL WISCONSIN.

LAT...LON 4260 8937 4285 8937 4284 8898 4260 8935
TIME...MOT...LOC 2230Z 204DEG 37KT 4308 8900 

$$

SPM

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Milwaukee, WI wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Apr 9, 3:52 PM CDT, 1 hour 20 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Apr 9, 3:52 PM CDT, 1 hour 20 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
352 PM CDT THU APR 9 2015

.SHORT TERM...

TONIGHT AND FRIDAY...FORECAST CONFIDENCE IS MEDIUM.

SCATTERED CONVECTION DEVELOPING ACROSS NORTHWEST ILLINOIS...WITH
MAIN CONVECTION ALONG COLD FRONT TO THE SOUTHWEST OF THERE. THIS
ACTIVITY WILL SPREAD NORTHEAST INTO THE AREA OVER THE NEXT FEW
HOURS...SIMILAR TO TRENDS WITH THE MESOSCALE MODELS. SURFACE LOW
SHOULD SHIFT ACROSS FAR SOUTH CENTRAL AND SOUTHEAST WISCONSIN INTO
THIS EVENING.

THIS SHOULD BRING A SHOT OF SEVERE STORMS TO THAT AREA...MAINLY THE
AREA IN THE CURRENT TORNADO WATCH. A FEW TORNADOES...LARGE HAIL AND
DAMAGING WINDS ARE ALL POSSIBLE...WITH THE STRONG DEEP LAYER AND LOW
LEVEL WIND SHEAR. SOME CLOUD BREAKS MAY OCCUR AND HELP BUILD UP THE
MEAN LAYER CAPE VALUES.

SCATTERED RAIN SHOWERS ARE THEN EXPECTED AFTER THE FRONTAL PASSAGE
LATER THIS EVENING INTO FRIDAY...AS TWO STRONG 500 MB VORTICITY
MAXIMA ROTATE THROUGH THE REGION. MAY NEED HIGHER POPS FRIDAY
AFTERNOON WITH A COUPLE HUNDRED J/KG OF MEAN LAYER CAPE AVAILABLE.
GUSTY WEST TO NORTHWEST WINDS WILL DEVELOP LATER TONIGHT AS PRESSURE
GRADIENT BECOMES TIGHT. THESE WINDS WILL REMAIN GUSTY INTO FRIDAY.
LOW CLOUDS SHOULD LINGER LATER TONIGHT INTO FRIDAY...POSSIBLY
SCATTERING OUT IN THE AFTERNOON. WENT NEAR BLENDED GUIDANCE FOR
TEMPERATURES TONIGHT AND FRIDAY.

FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH SUNDAY NIGHT...FORECAST CONFIDENCE MEDIUM.

THE UPPER TROUGH PASSAGE WILL OCCUR BY EARLY FRI EVENING WITH
SUBSIDENCE AND DRIER AIR ARRIVING. HIGH PRESSURE TO THEN SHIFT EWD
ACROSS THE REGION SAT MORNING WITH SLY WINDS DEVELOPING BY LATE IN
THE DAY. 925 MB TEMPS WILL WARM TO 9-10C YIELDING SFC TEMPS IN THE
LOWER 60S AWAY FROM LAKE MI. THE SLY WINDS WILL THEN INCREASE SAT
NT INTO SUN AS AN UPPER TROUGH MOVES INTO THE NRN PLAINS. MILD
TEMPS WILL CONTINUE. THERE ARE SMALL CHANCES OF RAIN ON SUNDAY AS
THE COLD FRONT AND UPPER TROUGH APPROACHES FROM THE WEST AND A
SHORTWAVE TROUGH PASSES JUST TO THE SOUTH. THE BEST CHANCES OF
SHOWERS WILL BE SUN NT WITH THE COOL FROPA.

.LONG TERM...MONDAY THROUGH THURSDAY...FORECAST CONFIDENCE MEDIUM.

WLY WINDS AND A DRY AIRMASS WITH SUNSHINE WILL KEEP THE TEMPS MILD
ON MON. THIS WILL BE FOLLOWED BY HIGH PRESSURE FOR MON NT INTO
TUE. SLY FLOW AND INCREASING MOISTURE WILL PREVAIL FOR WED AND THU
WITH A LARGE UPPER TROUGH MOVING INTO THE PLAINS AND LOW PRESSURE
TRACKING NNEWD FROM THE PLAINS INTO MN. CHANCES OF SHOWERS AND
TSTORMS ARE FORECAST WITH THE WARM...MOIST ADVECTION. ABOVE NORMAL
TEMPS TO CONTINUE.

&&

.AVIATION/00Z TAFS/...

CEILINGS BELOW ALTERNATE MINIMUMS ARE EXPECTED INTO THIS EVENING AT
TAF SITES...POSSIBLY RISING INTO MVFR CATEGORY AT KENOSHA. FOG HAS
MIXED OUT SOMEWHAT AT THE EASTERN TAF SITES...AND SHOULD REMAIN SO
INTO THIS EVENING.

SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO PUSH INTO THE AREA IN THE
NEXT FEW HOURS...AND EASTWARD THROUGH THE MIDDLE EVENING HOURS WITH
THE COLD FRONT AND LOW PRESSURE. SEVERE STORMS ARE POSSIBLE...WITH
LARGE HAIL...DAMAGING WINDS AND A FEW TORNADOES POSSIBLE.
VISIBILITIES DOWN TO AIRPORT MINIMUMS ARE POSSIBLE IN ANY STORMS.

WINDS WILL INCREASE AND BECOME WEST NORTHWEST BY 12Z
FRIDAY...LINGERING INTO THE DAYTIME HOURS. SOME SHOWERS ARE POSSIBLE
AS WELL...ESPECIALLY IN THE AFTERNOON. CEILINGS SHOULD REMAIN BELOW
ALTERNATE MINIMUMS TONIGHT INTO FRIDAY.

&&

.MARINE...

DENSE FOG ADVISORY HAS BEEN EXTENDED ACROSS THE NEARSHORE WATERS OF
LAKE MICHIGAN UNTIL 06Z TONIGHT. AREA WEB CAMERAS ARE SHOWING
VISIBILITIES GOING UP AND DOWN DEPENDING ON LOCATION. COOL AND MOIST
AIRMASS OVER THE WATERS WITH LIGHT WINDS HELPING KEEP THE FOG DENSE
OVER THE WATERS...AND SHOULD LINGER UNTIL WINDS PICK UP AFTER 06Z
FRIDAY.

A SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY IS IN EFFECT LATER TONIGHT INTO FRIDAY
AFTERNOON. FREQUENT OFFSHORE WIND GUSTS TO 30 KNOTS ARE EXPECTED. A
FEW GUSTS TO 35 KNOTS MAY OCCUR...BUT NOT FREQUENT ENOUGH FOR A GALE
WARNING. HIGH WAVES FROM THESE WINDS WOULD BE MAINLY TOWARD AND OVER
THE OPEN WATERS.

&&

.MKX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
WI...NONE.
LM...DENSE FOG ADVISORY UNTIL 1 AM CDT FRIDAY FOR LMZ643>646.

     SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY FROM 1 AM TO 3 PM CDT FRIDAY FOR LMZ643>646.

&&

TONIGHT/FRIDAY AND AVIATION/MARINE...WOOD
FRIDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY...GEHRING

Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 9, 3:38 PM CDT, 1 hour 34 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
338 PM CDT THU APR 9 2015

WIZ046-047-051-052-056>060-062>072-102045-
MARQUETTE-GREEN LAKE-FOND DU LAC-SHEBOYGAN-SAUK-COLUMBIA-DODGE-
WASHINGTON-OZAUKEE-IOWA-DANE-JEFFERSON-WAUKESHA-MILWAUKEE-
LAFAYETTE-GREEN-ROCK-WALWORTH-RACINE-KENOSHA-
338 PM CDT THU APR 9 2015

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF EAST CENTRAL
WISCONSIN...SOUTH CENTRAL WISCONSIN AND SOUTHEAST WISCONSIN.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT

A TORNADO WATCH IS IN EFFECT FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTH CENTRAL AND
SOUTHEAST WISCONSIN THROUGH 11PM. LARGE HAIL...DAMAGING WINDS
AND TORNADOES ARE ALL POSSIBLE.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY THROUGH THURSDAY

THERE IS A CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS SUNDAY EVENING.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NEEDED THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING.

LMZ643>646-102045-
SHEBOYGAN TO PORT WASHINGTON WI-
PORT WASHINGTON TO NORTH POINT LIGHT WI-
NORTH POINT LIGHT TO WIND POINT WI-
WIND POINT WI TO WINTHROP HARBOR IL-
338 PM CDT THU APR 9 2015

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF LAKE MICHIGAN.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT

A DENSE FOG ADVISORY CONTINUES UNTIL THIS EVENING FOR FOG WITH
VISIBILITIES UNDER ONE MILE.

THUNDERSTORMS ARE LIKELY ALONG WITH A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE
THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING...AS AN INTENSIFYING LOW
MOVES ACROSS SOUTHERN WISCONSIN.

EXPECT GUSTY WEST WINDS BEHIND THE DEPARTING LOW AND COLD FRONT LATE
TONIGHT. A SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY IS IN EFFECT. GALE FORCE GUSTS TO
35 KNOTS ARE POSSIBLE.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY THROUGH THURSDAY

THE SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY IS IN EFFECT FRIDAY MORNING.

THERE IS A CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS SUNDAY EVENING.

WWW.WEATHER.GOV/MKX

In the hours before

Local storm report, Apr 9, 11:35 AM CDT, 5 hours 37 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
1135 AM CDT THU APR 09 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0544 AM     FLASH FLOOD      2 N PORT WASHINGTON     43.41N 87.87W
04/09/2015                   OZAUKEE            WI   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            A 100 YARD STRETCH OF SOUTHBOUND INTERSTATE 43 BECAME
            FLOODED RESULTING IN SUBMERGED VEHICLES. A DRAIN WAS
            CLOGGED BY DEBRIS. THE INTERSTATE WAS CLOSED FOR
            APPROXIMATELY 3 HOURS.

&&

MG

Special weather statement, Apr 9, 4:39 PM CDT, 33 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
439 PM CDT THU APR 9 2015

WIZ062-067-092200-
LAFAYETTE-IOWA-
439 PM CDT THU APR 9 2015

...AN AREA OF STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL AFFECT IOWA AND NORTHWESTERN
LAFAYETTE COUNTIES...

AT 437 PM CDT...AN AREA OF STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WAS NEAR
PLATTEVILLE AND FENNIMORE...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 50 MPH.

WINDS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH AND HALF INCH HAIL ARE POSSIBLE WITH THESE
STORMS.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
DODGEVILLE...MINERAL POINT...BELMONT...HIGHLAND...RIDGEWAY...AVOCA...
ORION...LINDEN...COBB...REWEY...LESLIE...PLATTE MOUNDS...BLACKHAWK
LAKE REC AREA...GOVERNOR DODGE ST PARK...EDMUND AND LONDON.

THESE STORMS MAY INTENSIFY...SO BE CERTAIN TO MONITOR LOCAL RADIO
AND TV STATIONS...AS WELL AS LOCAL CABLE TV OUTLETS...FOR ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.

LAT...LON 4320 9043 4321 9033 4318 9025 4292 8989
      4270 9042
TIME...MOT...LOC 2137Z 226DEG 44KT 4278 9057

BSH

Special weather statement, Apr 9, 4:42 PM CDT, 30 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MILWAUKEE/SULLIVAN WI
442 PM CDT THU APR 9 2015

WIZ065-066-070>072-092215-
WAUKESHA-MILWAUKEE-RACINE-WALWORTH-KENOSHA-
442 PM CDT THU APR 9 2015

...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT SOUTHWESTERN MILWAUKEE...
RACINE...NORTHWESTERN KENOSHA...SOUTHEASTERN WAUKESHA AND
SOUTHEASTERN WALWORTH COUNTIES...

AT 438 PM CDT...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WAS OVER COMO...OR NEAR LAKE
GENEVA...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 55 MPH.

WINDS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH AND PEA SIZE HAIL ARE POSSIBLE WITH THIS
STORM.

ADDITIONAL THUNDERSTORMS ARE LOCATED IN NORTHERN ILLINOIS...AND WILL
MOVE INTO PORTIONS OF ROCK AND WALWORTH COUNTIES WITHIN THE NEXT
HOUR. THESE STORMS MAY ALSO PRODUCE WIND GUSTS TO 40 MPH AND PEA
SIZED HAIL.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
NEW BERLIN...GREENFIELD...MUSKEGO...GREENDALE...ELKHORN...HALES
CORNERS...LAKE GENEVA...STURTEVANT...UNION GROVE...EAST TROY...
WILLIAMS BAY...WIND LAKE...DELAVAN LAKE...ROCHESTER...WALWORTH...
FONTANA-ON-GENEVA LAKE...BIG BEND...BOHNERS LAKE...COMO AND WATERFORD
NORTH.

TORRENTIAL RAINFALL IS ALSO OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM...AND MAY CAUSE
LOCALIZED FLOODING. DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE THROUGH FLOODED
ROADWAYS.

LAT...LON 4250 8858 4263 8869 4296 8804 4274 8786
      4249 8852
TIME...MOT...LOC 2138Z 239DEG 49KT 4262 8849

SPM

The office that day

Everything else NWS Milwaukee, WI issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Apr 8, 9:21 PM CDT	Marine Dense Fog Advisory	MKX		12 hr
Apr 8, 10:01 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	MKX	Green, Iowa, Lafayette	59 min
Apr 8, 11:13 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	MKX	Dane, Jefferson, Sauk	62 min
Apr 8, 11:55 PM CDT	Dense Fog Advisory	MKX	Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington and 1 more	7 hr
Apr 9, 12:04 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	MKX	Kenosha, Racine	26 min
Apr 9, 1:01 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	MKX	Dane, Green, Iowa, Jefferson, Sauk	59 min
Apr 9, 1:19 AM CDT	Special Weather Statement	MKX	Jefferson	26 min
Apr 9, 3:33 AM CDT	Gale Watch	MKX		13 hr
Apr 9, 8:07 AM CDT	River Flood Warning	MKX	Columbia	32 hr
Apr 9, 8:46 AM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	MKX	Ozaukee	3 hr
Apr 9, 9:21 AM CDT	River Flood Warning	MKX	Ozaukee	4 days
Apr 9, 9:23 AM CDT	Marine Dense Fog Advisory	MKX		15 hr
Apr 9, 12:52 PM CDT	River Flood Warning	MKX	Milwaukee	9 hr
Apr 9, 4:05 PM CDT	Small Craft Advisory	MKX		8 hr
Apr 9, 4:39 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	MKX	Iowa	21 min
Apr 9, 4:42 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	MKX	Walworth	33 min
Apr 9, 4:59 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MKX	Rock, Walworth	31 min
Apr 9, 5:00 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MKX	Iowa, Sauk	45 min
Apr 9, 5:17 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	MKX	Dane	28 min
Apr 9, 5:28 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	MKX	Milwaukee	32 min
Apr 9, 5:32 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	MKX	Jefferson	28 min
Apr 9, 5:36 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MKX	Rock, Walworth	24 min
Apr 9, 5:39 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	MKX	Columbia, Dane, Iowa, Sauk	36 min
Apr 9, 6:12 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	MKX	Columbia	33 min
Apr 9, 6:25 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	MKX	Lafayette	35 min
Apr 9, 6:38 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	MKX	Dodge	37 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Wisconsin, 2015 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2015

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.