Alert archive / Mississippi / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2015
Severe Thunderstorm Warning 407, NWS Jackson, MS
NWS Jackson, MS issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Dec 25, 2015, 3:40 PM CST for Noxubee County, Oktibbeha County, Winston County, Mississippi. It was in force for 24 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Dec 25, 2015, 3:40 PM CST (21:40 UTC)
- Expired
- Dec 25, 2015, 4:04 PM CST
- In force
- 24 min
- Issued by
- NWS Jackson, MS
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Hail
- 0.75 in
- Wind
- 60.0 mph
Counties Noxubee County, MS, Oktibbeha County, MS, Winston County, MS
The radar
The Columbus AFB radar (KGWX), 93 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 21:42 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 25, 3:44 PM CST | TSTM WND DMG | Louisville, MS | A COUPLE TREES WERE DOWN. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 4 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Jackson, MS (KJAN), launched 12:00Z, 9.7 hours before the alert went out and 149 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 455 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -6 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 614 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 51 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 280 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 289 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.6
- Supercell composite
- 2.9
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
276 WUUS54 KJAN 252140 SVRJAN MSC103-105-159-252230- /O.NEW.KJAN.SV.W.0407.151225T2140Z-151225T2230Z/ BULLETIN - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS 340 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN JACKSON HAS ISSUED A * SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR... SOUTHEASTERN OKTIBBEHA COUNTY IN NORTHEASTERN MISSISSIPPI... NORTHWESTERN NOXUBEE COUNTY IN EAST CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI... EASTERN WINSTON COUNTY IN EAST CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI... * UNTIL 430 PM CST * AT 340 PM CST...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED OVER LOUISVILLE...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 50 MPH. HAZARD...60 MPH WIND GUSTS. SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED. IMPACT...EXPECT DAMAGE TO ROOFS...SIDING AND TREES. * THIS SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR... BETHEDEN AND MILLCREEK AROUND 350 PM CST. CRAIG SPRINGS AROUND 400 PM CST. OKTOC AROUND 410 PM CST. SESSUMS AROUND 415 PM CST. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A BUILDING. && LAT...LON 3315 8868 3299 8905 3314 8918 3348 8868 TIME...MOT...LOC 2140Z 230DEG 44KT 3312 8906 HAIL...<.75IN WIND...60MPH $$ CME
2 follow-up statements
716 WWUS54 KJAN 252154 SVSJAN SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS 354 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 MSC103-105-159-252230- /O.CON.KJAN.SV.W.0407.000000T0000Z-151225T2230Z/ OKTIBBEHA MS-NOXUBEE MS-WINSTON MS- 354 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 ...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 430 PM CST FOR SOUTHEASTERN OKTIBBEHA...NORTHWESTERN NOXUBEE AND NORTHEASTERN WINSTON COUNTIES... AT 354 PM CST...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED OVER BETHEDEN...OR 11 MILES NORTHEAST OF LOUISVILLE...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 50 MPH. HAZARD...60 MPH WIND GUSTS. SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED. IMPACT...EXPECT DAMAGE TO ROOFS...SIDING AND TREES. THIS SEVERE STORM WILL BE NEAR... OKTOC AROUND 405 PM CST. SESSUMS AROUND 415 PM CST. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A BUILDING. && LAT...LON 3315 8868 3307 8889 3324 8903 3348 8868 TIME...MOT...LOC 2154Z 230DEG 44KT 3323 8890 HAIL...<.75IN WIND...60MPH $$ CME
715
WWUS54 KJAN 252204
SVSJAN
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
404 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
MSC103-105-159-252214-
/O.CAN.KJAN.SV.W.0407.000000T0000Z-151225T2230Z/
OKTIBBEHA MS-NOXUBEE MS-WINSTON MS-
404 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR SOUTHEASTERN OKTIBBEHA...
NORTHWESTERN NOXUBEE AND NORTHEASTERN WINSTON COUNTIES IS
CANCELLED...
THE STORM WHICH PROMPTED THE WARNING HAS WEAKENED BELOW SEVERE
LIMITS...AND NO LONGER POSE AN IMMEDIATE THREAT TO LIFE OR PROPERTY.
THEREFORE THE WARNING HAS BEEN CANCELLED.
LAT...LON 3315 8868 3307 8889 3324 8903 3348 8868
TIME...MOT...LOC 2201Z 230DEG 44KT 3331 8879
$$
CMEWhat forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Jackson, MS wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Dec 25, 9:56 AM CST, 5 hours 44 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Dec 25, 9:56 AM CST, 5 hours 44 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION...UPDATED NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS 955 AM CST DEC 25 2015 .UPDATE...LATEST SATELLITE IMAGERY WAS PICKING UP A LARGE UPPER TROUGH OVER THE WESTERN CONUS...WHICH WAS RESULTING IN DEEP SOUTH- SOUTHWESTERLY FLOW OVER THE REGION. THE CONVECTIVE ACTIVITY WAS BEING ENHANCED BY A LOW AMPLITUDE IMPULSE CROSSING THE MIDSOUTH REGION. THE DEEP SOUTHERLY FLOW WAS BRINGING IN STRONG MOISTURE TRANSPORT WITH ANOMALOUS PWATS IN THIS TROPICAL AIRMASS AROUND 1.8 INCHES. THIS HAS RESULTED IN SOME FLASH FLOOD WARNINGS IN THE DELTA THIS MORNING. A COLD FRONTAL BOUNDARY WAS NOTED ACROSS THE DELTA REGION WITH TEMPS IN THE LOW TO MID 70S. AREA SNDGS AND MESOANALYSIS SHOWED DECENT INSTABILITY, STRONG DEEP SHEAR, AND HELICITY ACROSS THE REGION. ALSO UPPER DIVERGENCE WAS ENHANCING THE RAINS ACROSS THE NORTH. AREA RADARS HAD PICKED UP SOME STRONG STORMS IN THE NORTH ALONG WITH A FEW SEVERE STORMS THIS MORNING. CELLS WERE ROTATING PRETTY GOOD. SHORT RANGE CONVECTIVE ALLOWING GUIDANCE SHOWS A BUSY DAY ACROSS THE REGION. WITH FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT ACROSS THE NORTH WPC IS HIGHLIGHTING THE NORTH FOR SOME HEAVY RAINFALL POTENTIAL THROUGH TONIGHT. SO WITH THIS IN MIND WILL MAKE NO MAJOR CHANGES TO TODAYS FORECAST./17/ .AVIATION...FOR NOW WILL MAINTAIN VFR CONDITIONS AT MOST SITES. RAIN WILL BE SCATTERED FOR JAN/HKS THROUGH THE MORNING MAY ADD SOME VCTS AND TEMPO GROUPS. STORMS WILL CONTINUE TO MOVE ACROSS GREENVILLE FOR THE NEXT FEW HOURS WITH HEAVY RAIN AND SOME FOG REDUCING VISIBILITY. WILL MAINTAIN MVFR CONDITIONS. EXPECTING SIMILAR CONDITIONS TO DEVELOP AT GWO BY NOON. EXPECTING RAIN TO END ACROSS THE AREA BEFORE MIDNIGHT. HOWEVER...LOW STRATUS AND SOME FOG WILL LIKELY LEAD TO MVFR CONDITIONS ACROSS THE AREA FROM 3 TO 15Z TOMORROW./7/ ./PREVIOUS DISCUSSION...457 AM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 .SHORT TERM... CHRISTMAS MORNING THROUGH SUNDAY MORNING... ANOTHER STORMY DAY IS ON TAP FOR TODAY AS LARGE SCALE SW ISENTROPIC ASCENT AND STRONG LOW/DEEP LAYER ARE STILL IN THE REGION. WV IMAGERY INDICATES S/WV THAT WILL BRING OUR CHANCES FOR ACTIVE WEATHER PATTERN IS MOVING INTO ERN TX/WRN LA AND WILL CONTINUE TO PROPAGATE TOWARDS THE REGION. UPPER AIR ANALYSIS INDICATES THE UPPER RIDGE OVER THE WRN ATLANTIC IS STRENGTHENING AND BUILDING W...HELPING TO INCREASE H5 HEIGHTS IN OUR AREA. LOW LEVEL SRLY FLOW WILL CONTINUE THROUGH THE AFTERNOON. EXPECT A WARM AND HUMID CHRISTMAS AFTERNOON ACROSS THE REGION. RIGHT NOW SOME SCATTERED SHOWERS ARE ONGOING ACROSS MOST OF THE AREA WHILE RIGHT ALONG THE WARM FRONTAL BOUNDARY IN THE DELTA EFFICIENT LIFT/MOISTURE TRANSPORT IS ONGOING AND WILL CONTINUE. ENSEMBLE SITUATIONAL AWARENESS TABLE IS INDICATING ANOMALOUS MOISTURE...PER THE NAEFS/GEFS...MOVING THROUGH THIS AFTERNOON ESPECIALLY IN N/NE MS. WOULD NOT RULE OUT SOME LOCALIZED FLASH FLOODING IN AREAS WHERE STORMS CAN TRAIN AND MORE EFFICIENT RAINFALL RATES OCCUR. ALSO EXPANDED THE POTENTIAL FOR SEVERE STORMS TODAY AS 30-40KTS 0-3KM BULK SHEAR AND AGAIN 1500-2000 J/KG OF MLCAPE. THIS WITH EFFICIENT LAPSE RATES APPROACHING 6.5-7.0 DEG C/KM WILL PROMOTE STRONG UPDRAFTS AND POTENTIAL FOR DAMAGING WINDS AND HAIL. A LOT OF THE HI- RES ARW/NMM/ARW INDICATE THERE COULD BE SOME OF THE ACTIVITY IN THE N TO GRADUALLY MOVE E AND SOME ORGANIZED BOWS TO DEVELOP. THUS THIS AREA COULD SEE THE BEST CHANCE FOR SEVERE WEATHER WITH SOME SOME THREAT EXTENDING FURTHER S. ANOTHER THING TO NOTE IS WITH NEAR RECORD LOW LEVEL TEMPS...EXPECT ANOTHER NEAR OR ABOVE RECORD HIGHS TODAY. MODELS SEEM TO BE STRUGGLING SOMEWHAT WITH LOW LEVEL BOUNDARY LAYER TEMPS...WHICH SEEMED TO BE THE CASE YESTERDAY WHERE WARM AND HUMID BOUNDARY LAYER OUTWEIGHED ANY HEIGHT RISES THAT WERE OCCURRING...WHICH LED TO SEVERE STORMS AND SOME WERE VERY EFFICIENT HAIL PRODUCERS. WITH CLOCKWISE CURVING HODOGRAPHS AND MID/DEEP LAYER SHEAR IN PLACE...COULD NOT RULE OUT A TORNADO BUT SEEING SURGES IN HI-RES GUIDANCE AND FLOW SOMEWHAT PARALLEL TO BOUNDARY...EXPECT WINDS/HAIL AND FLASH FLOODING TO BE MORE LIKELY. FLASH FLOODING COULD DEFINITELY BE A CONCERN TODAY IN AS HI-RES NSSL WRF INDICATES SOME PRETTY HIGH TOTALS IN N/NE MS AS MOISTURE FEEDS IN FROM THE S. EXPECT ANOTHER HUMID NIGHT TONIGHT AS LOWS WILL NOT BE MUCH DIFFERENT THAN THIS MORNING. RAIN CHANCES WILL SLOWLY LESSEN TONIGHT BUT WITH MOISTURE STILL LINGERING AROUND...COULD NOT RULE OUT SOME SHOWERS AND STORMS IN THE AREA OVERNIGHT. HEIGHTS WILL BE SOMEWHAT STABLE TO POSSIBLY RISING SOME AND LOW/MID LEVEL TEMPS WILL BE WARMING INTO TOMORROW SO EXPECT ANOTHER WARM AND POSSIBLY RECORD DAY IN STORE AGAIN SATURDAY. LUCKILY STORM CHANCES WILL BE LESSENING AS WARMING MID LEVEL TEMPS WILL LESSEN LAPSE RATES AND OVERALL INSTABILITY. STILL AGAIN COULD NOT RULE OUT SOME STORMS MAYBE STRONG BUT EXPECT ANY COVERAGE TO NOT BE NEARLY AS MUCH AS ON FRIDAY. STRONG 597DM H5 UPPER RIDGE OVER THE ATLANTIC WILL SLOWLY FLATTEN AND BUILD BACK NW AS THE LONGWAVE TROUGH OVER THE WRN CONUS GRADUALLY BECOMES CUT OFF AS A STRONG UPPER JET CUTS OFF THE FLOW TO THE DEVELOPING UPPER LOW TO THE S. THIS WILL HELP DEVELOP A CUTOFF LOW OVER THE FAR SRN PLAINS SAT NIGHT INTO SUNDAY MORNING WHICH WILL GRADUALLY INCREASE ISENTROPIC LIFT BACK AGAIN AND BEGIN SOME HEIGHT FALLS IN THE AREA BEGINNING SUNDAY. THIS WILL HELP DEVELOP A LOW IN SRN/CENTRAL TX AND STRONG BAROCLINIC ZONE TO OUR W WITH EXTREMELY EFFICIENT RAINFALL RATES DUE TO ANOMALOUS MOISTURE AND FLOODING ISSUES LIKELY IN THE OZARKS. OUR AREA WILL GRADUALLY BRING IN MORE RAIN CHANCES IN THE WEST. WITH LESS LAPSE RATES...EXPECT SOME LIGHT SHOWERS AND SOME THUNDERSTORMS IN OUR NW WITH SHOWERS ELSEWHERE. /DC/ .LONG TERM...SUNDAY THROUGH THURSDAY...MAIN FOCUS IN THE LONG TERM REMAINS THE POTENTIAL FOR SEVERE STORMS SUNDAY INTO MONDAY. SUNDAY MORNING A LARGE CLOSED LOW WILL BE NEAR THE TEXAS BIG BEND REGION WITH AN ASSOCIATED SURFACE LOW NEAR THE TEXAS/MEXICO BORDER. OUR CWA WILL HAVE A SLIGHTLY DRIER AIRMASS EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BUT PWATS WL POOL AROUND 1.80IN WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER AHEAD OF THE APPROACHING LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM. BUFR SOUNDINGS INDICATE A FAIRLY FORMIDABLE CAP OVER OUR CWA INTO THE EARLY AFTERNOON WHICH SHOULD LIMIT CONVECTION AND HELP TEMPERATURES WARM WELL ABOVE NORMAL AGAIN. MOST SITES SHOULD REACH THE UPPER 70S. RAIN CHANCES WILL INCREASE OVER OUR WEST SUNDAY AFTERNOON AS THE CLOSED LOW MOVES EAST OVER CENTRAL TEXAS. A FEW STRONG TO SEVERE STORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE OVER OUR WESTERN MOST ZONES BUT THE MAIN TIMING FOR SEVERE STORMS IS EXPECTED SUNDAY NIGHT INTO EARLY MONDAY MORNING. THE CLOSED LOW AND ITS ASSOCIATED SURFACE LOW ARE EXPECTED TO MOVE NORTHEAST TO THE ARKLATEX REGION BY MONDAY MORNING THEN CONTINUE NORTHEAST TO THE MIS MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY BY MONDAY EVENING. THIS WILL SEND A STRONG COLD FRONT ACROSS OUR CWA SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY MORNING. A SQUALL LINE IS EXPECTED TO DEVELOP NEAR OR JUST AHEAD OF THE APPROACHING COLD FRONT AND ENCOUNTER AN ENVIRONMENT WITH MLCAPES AT LEAST 500-1000J/KG...0-6KM BULK SHEAR OF 45-50KTS AND 0-3KM SREH AROUND 300M2/S2. DAMAGING WINDS LOOK TO BE THE PRIMARY THREAT WITH A FEW TORNADOES AND LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL POSSIBLE AS WELL. MODEL CONSENSUS SUGGESTS THE SEVERE WEATHER POTENTIAL WILL END A LITTLE FASTER MONDAY THAN THE THINKING LAST NIGHT. DRY SLOTTING SHOULD END MOST OF THE SIGNIFICANT RAIN BY NOON MONDAY BUT LIGHT PCPN WL REMAIN POSSIBLE UNTIL THE CLOSED LOW MOVES A LITTLE FARTHER NORTH MONDAY EVENING. COOLER AND MUCH DRIER AIR IS EXPECTED TO BE BACK OVER OUR CWA TUESDAY. TUESDAY MORNING LOWS WILL BE BACK IN THE 40S WITH HIGHS TUESDAY MOSTLY IN THE 50S. TUESDAY WILL BE DRY AS THE CLOSED LOW SYSTEM TRACKS FARTHER NORTHEAST OF OUR CWA BUT OUR WINDS ALOFT WILL BACK TO THE SOUTHWEST AHEAD OF A SECOND CLOSED LOW SWINGING OVER THE DESERT SOUTHWEST. THE GFS AND ECMWF ARE IN A LITTLE BETTER AGREEMENT AND OPEN THE LOW AND SWINGS A TROUGH ACROSS THE CENTRAL CONUS WEDNESDAY. MOISTURE RETURN WILL BE LIMITED WITH THIS TROUGH BUT BOTH MODELS GENERATE LIGHT QPF ACROSS OUR REGION WEDNESDAY AND WEDNESDAY NIGHT. THURSDAY WILL BE COOL AND DRY ACROSS OUR REGION. /22/ && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... JACKSON 80 70 80 69 / 53 43 22 23 MERIDIAN 79 69 78 68 / 37 35 23 26 VICKSBURG 80 69 81 69 / 60 45 23 23 HATTIESBURG 81 69 79 68 / 32 25 24 28 NATCHEZ 80 70 81 71 / 51 40 21 23 GREENVILLE 77 66 79 67 / 82 57 32 36 GREENWOOD 79 69 80 70 / 81 60 28 22 && .JAN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... MS...NONE. LA...NONE. AR...NONE. && 17/DC/22/7
Hazardous weather outlook, Dec 25, 2:35 PM CST, 1 hour 5 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS 235 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 ARZ074-075-LAZ007-MSZ018-019-025-026-034-262045- ASHLEY-CHICOT-MOREHOUSE-BOLIVAR-SUNFLOWER-LEFLORE-GRENADA- WASHINGTON- 235 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF THE ARKLAMISS DELTA. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND SATURDAY FLOODING THREAT...ELEVATED TIMING...THROUGH THIS EVENING PERIODS OF HEAVY RAINFALL WILL RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING ACROSS PARTS OF THE AREA. STORM TOTALS OF 1 TO 2 INCHES WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS OF 4 TO 5 INCHES ARE POSSIBLE. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=3) .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WIND GUSTS TO 60 MPH AND A FEW TORNADOES ARE EXPECTED SUNDAY NIGHT INTO EARLY MONDAY. LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL WHICH MAY RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING IS ALSO POSSIBLE DURING THIS TIME PERIOD. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=2) .SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT... THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER OPERATIONS MAY BE NEEDED FOR PORTIONS OF THE REGION SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY. MSZ027>033-035>039-262045- CARROLL-MONTGOMERY-WEBSTER-CLAY-LOWNDES-CHOCTAW-OKTIBBEHA- HUMPHREYS-HOLMES-ATTALA-WINSTON-NOXUBEE- 235 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTH CENTRAL AND NORTHEASTERN PORTIONS OF CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND SATURDAY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THREAT...LIMITED TIMING...THROUGH THE REMAINDER OF THIS AFTERNOON FLOODING THREAT...ELEVATED TIMING...THROUGH THIS EVENING SCATTERED SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE REMAINDER OF THE AFTERNOON. THE MAIN THREAT WITH THESE STORMS WILL BE DAMAGING WIND GUSTS. PERIODS OF HEAVY RAINFALL WILL RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING ACROSS PARTS OF THE AREA. STORM TOTALS OF 1 TO 2 INCHES WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS OF 4 TO 5 INCHES ARE POSSIBLE. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=1) (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=3) .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WIND GUSTS TO 60 MPH AND A FEW TORNADOES ARE POSSIBLE SUNDAY NIGHT INTO EARLY MONDAY. LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL WHICH MAY RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING IS ALSO POSSIBLE DURING THIS TIME PERIOD. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=2) .SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT... THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER OPERATIONS MAY BE NEEDED FOR PORTIONS OF THE REGION REMAINDER OF THE AFTERNOON AND SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY. LAZ008-009-015-016-023>026-MSZ040>064-262045- WEST CARROLL-EAST CARROLL-RICHLAND-MADISON LA-FRANKLIN LA- CATAHOULA-TENSAS-CONCORDIA-ISSAQUENA-SHARKEY-YAZOO-MADISON MS- LEAKE-NESHOBA-KEMPER-WARREN-HINDS-RANKIN-SCOTT-NEWTON-LAUDERDALE- CLAIBORNE-COPIAH-SIMPSON-SMITH-JASPER-CLARKE-JEFFERSON-ADAMS- FRANKLIN MS-LINCOLN-LAWRENCE-JEFFERSON DAVIS- 235 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF NORTHEAST LOUISIANA AND CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND SATURDAY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THREAT...LIMITED TIMING...THROUGH THE REMAINDER OF THIS AFTERNOON FLOODING THREAT...LIMITED TIMING...THROUGH THIS EVENING SCATTERED SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE REMAINDER OF THE AFTERNOON. THE MAIN THREAT WITH THESE STORMS WILL BE DAMAGING WIND GUSTS. PERIODS OF HEAVY RAINFALL MAY RESULT IN LOCALIZED FLASH FLOODING ACROSS THE AREA. STORM TOTALS OF 1 TO 2 INCHES WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS ARE POSSIBLE. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=1) (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=3) .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WIND GUSTS TO 60 MPH AND A FEW TORNADOES ARE POSSIBLE SUNDAY NIGHT INTO EARLY MONDAY, ESPECIALLY ACROSS NORTHEAST LOUISIANA AND WEST MISSISSIPPI. LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL WHICH MAY RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING IS ALSO POSSIBLE DURING THIS TIME PERIOD. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=2) .SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT... THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER OPERATIONS MAY BE NEEDED FOR PORTIONS OF THE REGION REMAINDER OF THE AFTERNOON AND SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY. MSZ065-262045- COVINGTON- 235 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR COVINGTON COUNTY. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND SATURDAY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THREAT...LIMITED TIMING...THROUGH THE REMAINDER OF THIS AFTERNOON FLOODING THREAT...LIMITED TIMING...THROUGH THIS EVENING SCATTERED SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE REMAINDER OF THE AFTERNOON. THE MAIN THREAT WITH THESE STORMS WILL BE DAMAGING WIND GUSTS. PERIODS OF HEAVY RAINFALL MAY RESULT IN LOCALIZED FLASH FLOODING ACROSS THE AREA. STORM TOTALS OF 1 TO 2 INCHES WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS ARE POSSIBLE. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=1) (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=3) .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WIND GUSTS TO 60 MPH AND A FEW TORNADOES ARE POSSIBLE SUNDAY NIGHT INTO EARLY MONDAY. LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL WHICH MAY RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING IS ALSO POSSIBLE DURING THIS TIME PERIOD. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=2) .SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT... THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER OPERATIONS MAY BE NEEDED FOR PORTIONS OF THE REGION SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY. MSZ066-072>074-262045- JONES-MARION-LAMAR-FORREST- 235 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTH CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...AND SOUTHEAST MISSISSIPPI. .DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND SATURDAY THE PROBABILITY FOR WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS LOW. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY NIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WIND GUSTS TO 60 MPH AND A FEW TORNADOES ARE POSSIBLE SUNDAY NIGHT INTO EARLY MONDAY. LOCALLY HEAVY RAINFALL WHICH MAY RESULT IN FLASH FLOODING IS ALSO POSSIBLE DURING THIS TIME PERIOD. (WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/GRAPHICAST.PHP?SITE=JAN&GC=2) .SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT... THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER OPERATIONS MAY BE NEEDED FOR PORTIONS OF THE REGION SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY. DL && ...HAZARD LEGEND... *FLOODING* EXTREME...CONFIDENT IN SIGNIFICANT FLOODING. SIGNIFICANT...SIGNIFICANT FLOODING POSSIBLE. ELEVATED...CONFIDENT IN FLOODING. LIMITED...FLOODING POSSIBLE. *SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS* EXTREME...CONFIDENT IN SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH WIND GUSTS OF 75 MPH OR GREATER AND/OR 2 INCH DIAMETER OR LARGER HAIL. SIGNIFICANT...SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS POSSIBLE WITH WIND GUSTS OF 75 MPH OR GREATER AND/OR 2 INCH DIAMETER OR LARGER HAIL. ELEVATED...CONFIDENT IN SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH WINDS GUSTS OF 60 MPH OR GREATER AND/OR 1 INCH DIAMETER OR LARGER HAIL. LIMITED...SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS POSSIBLE WITH WIND GUSTS OF 60 MPH OR GREATER AND/OR 1 INCH DIAMETER OR LARGER HAIL. ...USEFUL WEATHER WEB PAGES (URLS)... NWS JAN HOME PAGE... WWW.WEATHER.GOV/JAN STAY AWARE, STAY SAFE NWS JAN BRIEFING PAGE... WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/JAN/?N=SAFE FIND NWS JAN ON FACEBOOK... WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/NWSJACKSONMS FOLLOW NWS JAN ON TWITTER... @NWSJACKSONMS ...ADDITIONAL URLS FOR SEVERE WEATHER ISSUES... STORM PREDICTION CENTER (SPC)... WWW.SPC.NOAA.GOV/ SPC...MESO ANALYSIS... WWW.SPC.NOAA.GOV/EXPER/MESOANALYSIS/NEW/# SPC...DAY 1 THROUGH 3 OUTLOOKS... WWW.SPC.NOAA.GOV/PRODUCTS/OUTLOOK/ SPC...STORM REPORTS... WWW.SPC.NOAA.GOV/CLIMO/ NWS JAN CURRENT SVR/TOR WATCHES... WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/RTIMAGES/JAN/WATCH/TOASVA.PNG PLEASE CONVERT ALL WEB ADDRESSES TO LOWER CASE BEFORE ENTERING!
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Dec 25, 1:05 PM CST, 2 hours 35 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
105 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
MSZ037-251930-
ATTALA MS-
105 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT SOUTHEASTERN ATTALA COUNTY UNTIL
130 PM CST...
AT 104 PM CST...METEOROLOGISTS WERE TRACKING A STRONG THUNDERSTORM
NEAR SMYRNA...OR NEAR KOSCIUSKO...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 35 MPH.
HALF INCH HAIL AND WINDS IN EXCESS OF 50 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH
THIS STORM.
THIS STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
ZAMA AROUND 115 PM CST.
OTHER LOCATIONS IMPACTED BY THIS STORM INCLUDE ETHEL AND MCCOOL.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
TORRENTIAL RAINFALL IS ALSO OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM...AND MAY LEAD
TO FLASH FLOODING. DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE THROUGH FLOODED
ROADWAYS.
HIGH WINDS CAN BRING DOWN TREES AND LARGE LIMBS RESULTING IN SERIOUS
INJURY OR PROPERTY DAMAGE. EXERCISE EXTREME CAUTION WHEN OUTDOORS
DURING SUCH STRONG WINDS...AND BE ESPECIALLY AWARE OF OLDER TREES.
FREQUENT CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING IS OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM.
LIGHTNING CAN STRIKE 15 MILES AWAY FROM A THUNDERSTORM. SEEK A SAFE
SHELTER INSIDE A BUILDING OR VEHICLE.
THIS STORM MAY INTENSIFY...SO BE CERTAIN TO MONITOR LOCAL RADIO AND
TV STATIONS...AS WELL AS LOCAL CABLE TV OUTLETS...FOR ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS FROM THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE.
&&
LAT...LON 3298 8932 3293 8942 3293 8960 3302 8967
3326 8932
TIME...MOT...LOC 1904Z 235DEG 31KT 3300 8954
BYBSpecial weather statement, Dec 25, 1:52 PM CST, 1 hour 48 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
152 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
MSZ048-049-252015-
HINDS MS-RANKIN MS-
152 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT SOUTHWESTERN RANKIN AND
SOUTHEASTERN HINDS COUNTIES UNTIL 215 PM CST...
AT 152 PM CST...METEOROLOGISTS WERE TRACKING A STRONG THUNDERSTORM
NEAR TERRY...OR 7 MILES NORTH OF CRYSTAL SPRINGS...MOVING NORTHEAST
AT 30 MPH.
WINDS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH THIS STORM.
THIS STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
TERRY AROUND 200 PM CST.
JACKSON AROUND 205 PM CST.
BYRAM AND WHITES AROUND 210 PM CST.
PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...
TORRENTIAL RAINFALL IS ALSO OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM...AND MAY LEAD
TO FLASH FLOODING. DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE THROUGH FLOODED
ROADWAYS.
&&
LAT...LON 3213 9046 3227 9032 3210 9010 3205 9022
3205 9044
TIME...MOT...LOC 1952Z 236DEG 26KT 3210 9037
CMESpecial weather statement, Dec 25, 2:35 PM CST, 1 hour 5 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS 235 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 MSZ036-037-042-043-252100- ATTALA MS-HOLMES MS-MADISON MS-YAZOO MS- 235 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 ...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT EAST CENTRAL YAZOO... SOUTHWESTERN ATTALA...NORTHEASTERN MADISON AND SOUTH CENTRAL HOLMES COUNTIES UNTIL 300 PM CST... AT 235 PM CST...METEOROLOGISTS WERE TRACKING A LINE OF STRONG THUNDERSTORMS ALONG A LINE EXTENDING FROM NEAR PICKENS TO NEAR WAY... AND MOVING NORTHEAST AT 35 MPH. WINDS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH THESE STORMS. STRONG THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE NEAR... NEWPORT AROUND 250 PM CST. PICKENS AROUND 255 PM CST. CAMERON AROUND 300 PM CST. OTHER LOCATIONS IMPACTED BY THESE STORMS INCLUDE SALLIS. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... TORRENTIAL RAINFALL IS ALSO OCCURRING WITH THESE STORMS...AND MAY LEAD TO FLASH FLOODING. DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE THROUGH FLOODED ROADWAYS. && LAT...LON 3306 8968 3275 8984 3267 9023 3285 9020 TIME...MOT...LOC 2035Z 233DEG 30KT 3290 8990 3276 9011 CME
Special weather statement, Dec 25, 3:01 PM CST, 39 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
301 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
MSZ036-037-252130-
ATTALA MS-HOLMES MS-
301 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT NORTHWESTERN ATTALA AND EAST
CENTRAL HOLMES COUNTIES UNTIL 330 PM CST...
AT 301 PM CST...METEOROLOGISTS WERE TRACKING A STRONG THUNDERSTORM
NEAR MCMILLAN...OR NEAR DURANT...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 45 MPH.
WINDS IN EXCESS OF 40 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH THIS STORM.
THIS STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
DURANT AROUND 305 PM CST.
BOWLING GREEN AROUND 310 PM CST.
POSSUMNECK AROUND 315 PM CST.
OTHER LOCATIONS IMPACTED BY THIS STORM INCLUDE WEST.
LAT...LON 3320 8965 3301 8984 3303 9008 3324 8993
3324 8984 3321 8974
TIME...MOT...LOC 2101Z 214DEG 37KT 3305 8993
CMELocal storm report, Dec 25, 3:19 PM CST, 21 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
319 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0234 PM TSTM WND DMG 3 NW COLUMBUS 33.53N 88.44W
12/25/2015 LOWNDES MS 911 CALL CENTER
DOWNED POWER LINES ON THE NORTH SIDE OF COLUMBUS
&&
DLSpecial weather statement, Dec 25, 3:40 PM CST, 0 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS 340 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 MSZ050-051-055>057-252215- JASPER MS-SIMPSON MS-NEWTON MS-SMITH MS-SCOTT MS- 340 PM CST FRI DEC 25 2015 ...A STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL AFFECT SOUTHWESTERN NEWTON... SOUTHEASTERN SCOTT...EAST CENTRAL SIMPSON...NORTHWESTERN JASPER AND CENTRAL SMITH COUNTIES UNTIL 415 PM CST... AT 340 PM CST...METEOROLOGISTS WERE TRACKING A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR BURNS...OR 16 MILES SOUTH OF FOREST...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 40 MPH. HALF INCH HAIL AND WINDS IN EXCESS OF 50 MPH WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH THIS STORM. THIS STRONG THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR... PINEVILLE AROUND 345 PM CST. ROBERTS AROUND 405 PM CST. LAWRENCE AROUND 410 PM CST. OTHER LOCATIONS IMPACTED BY THIS STORM INCLUDE LOUIN...MONTROSE AND SYLVARENA. PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS... TORRENTIAL RAINFALL IS ALSO OCCURRING WITH THIS STORM...AND MAY LEAD TO FLASH FLOODING. DO NOT DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE THROUGH FLOODED ROADWAYS. && LAT...LON 3188 8973 3215 8961 3238 8924 3199 8913 TIME...MOT...LOC 2140Z 241DEG 34KT 3211 8948 GRG
The office that day
Everything else NWS Jackson, MS issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 24, 6:01 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Smith | 29 min |
| Dec 24, 6:32 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Clarke, Jasper | 58 min |
| Dec 24, 6:55 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Jones | 35 min |
| Dec 24, 7:06 PM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Covington, Forrest, Jefferson Davis, Jones | 3 hr |
| Dec 24, 7:45 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Webster | 30 min |
| Dec 24, 7:50 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Lauderdale | 25 min |
| Dec 24, 8:00 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Kemper, Lauderdale | 14 min |
| Dec 25, 12:36 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Bolivar | 39 min |
| Dec 25, 12:55 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Bolivar | 50 min |
| Dec 25, 6:40 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Bolivar | 50 min |
| Dec 25, 7:29 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Montgomery, Webster | 31 min |
| Dec 25, 7:31 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Carroll | 29 min |
| Dec 25, 7:46 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Carroll, Grenada, Montgomery | 44 min |
| Dec 25, 7:50 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Bolivar | 25 min |
| Dec 25, 8:01 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Copiah | 29 min |
| Dec 25, 8:02 AM CST | Flash Flood Watch | JAN | Attala, Bolivar, Carroll, Choctaw, Clay, Grenada and 11 more | 20 hr |
| Dec 25, 8:22 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Carroll | 23 min |
| Dec 25, 8:27 AM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Tallahatchie | 18 min |
| Dec 25, 8:33 AM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Carroll, Montgomery | 42 min |
| Dec 25, 8:57 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Bolivar, Sunflower | 3 hr |
| Dec 25, 9:06 AM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Grenada, Montgomery, Webster | 24 min |
| Dec 25, 11:17 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Carroll, Grenada, Leflore, Montgomery | 3 hr |
| Dec 25, 11:52 AM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Clay, Webster | 6 hr |
| Dec 25, 12:12 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Attala | 48 min |
| Dec 25, 12:17 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Clay | 43 min |
| Dec 25, 12:37 PM CST | Areal Flood Warning | JAN | Bolivar, Sunflower, Washington | 9 hr |
| Dec 25, 12:44 PM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Adams, Jefferson | 3 hr |
| Dec 25, 12:49 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Smith | 41 min |
| Dec 25, 1:05 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Attala | 25 min |
| Dec 25, 1:46 PM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Claiborne, Copiah, Jefferson | 3 hr |
| Dec 25, 1:52 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Hinds | 23 min |
| Dec 25, 2:27 PM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Franklin, Lincoln | 3 hr |
| Dec 25, 2:31 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Clay, Lowndes | 24 min |
| Dec 25, 2:35 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Madison | 25 min |
| Dec 25, 3:01 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Holmes | 29 min |
| Dec 25, 3:40 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Smith | 35 min |
| Dec 25, 3:47 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Jasper, Newton, Scott, Smith | 43 min |
| Dec 25, 3:51 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Jasper, Newton, Smith | 39 min |
| Dec 25, 4:27 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Clarke, Jasper, Lauderdale, Newton | 48 min |
| Dec 25, 4:30 PM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Lowndes | 3 hr |
| Dec 25, 5:06 PM CST | Special Weather Statement | JAN | Lauderdale | 24 min |
Nearby
Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Mississippi, 2015Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2015
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.