Alert archive / Kansas / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2015

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 109, NWS Dodge City, KS

May 27, 2015Finney County, Lane County, Kansas

NWS Dodge City, KS issued this severe thunderstorm warning at May 27, 2015, 6:38 PM CDT for Finney County, Lane County, Kansas. It was in force for 52 min. 1 report came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: May 27, 2015, 6:38 PM CDT (23:38 UTC)
Expired: May 27, 2015, 7:30 PM CDT
In force: 52 min
Issued by: NWS Dodge City, KS
Area: Storm-based polygon
Tornado: Possible
Hail: 2.0 in
Wind: 60.0 mph

Counties Finney County, KS, Lane County, KS

The radar

The Dodge City radar (KDDC), 62 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 23:40 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
May 27, 7:27 PM CDT	HAIL 1	8 Nw Kalvesta, KS

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 49 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
May 27, 2:26 PM CDT	Tornado Watch	SPC	7 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Dodge City, (KDDC), launched 12:00Z, 11.6 hours before the alert went out and 66 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 111 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -83 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1711 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 35 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 21 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 58 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.5

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

638 
WUUS53 KDDC 272338
SVRDDC
KSC055-101-280030-
/O.NEW.KDDC.SV.W.0109.150527T2338Z-150528T0030Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
638 PM CDT WED MAY 27 2015

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN DODGE CITY HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  NORTHEASTERN FINNEY COUNTY IN SOUTHWESTERN KANSAS...
  SOUTHWESTERN LANE COUNTY IN WEST CENTRAL KANSAS...

* UNTIL 730 PM CDT

* AT 636 PM CDT...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WAS LOCATED 15 MILES EAST OF
  FRIEND...MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 15 MPH.

  HAZARD...TWO INCH HAIL AND 60 MPH WIND GUSTS. 

  SOURCE...RADAR INDICATED. 

  IMPACT...PEOPLE AND ANIMALS OUTDOORS WILL BE INJURED. EXPECT HAIL 
           DAMAGE TO ROOFS...SIDING...WINDOWS AND VEHICLES. EXPECT 
           WIND DAMAGE TO ROOFS...SIDING AND TREES. 

* THIS SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL REMAIN OVER MAINLY RURAL AREAS OF 
  NORTHEASTERN FINNEY AND SOUTHWESTERN LANE COUNTIES. THIS WARNING 
  REPLACES THE PREVIOUS SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING IN EFFECT FOR 
  NORTHERN FINNEY, WESTERN LANE AND SOUTHEAST SCOTT COUNTIES.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
BUILDING.

TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER CONTACT YOUR NEAREST LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY.
THEY WILL SEND YOUR REPORT TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OFFICE IN
DODGE CITY.

&&

A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1000 PM CDT FOR SOUTHWESTERN
KANSAS.

LAT...LON 3823 10023 3800 10045 3800 10048 3818 10075
      3835 10061
TIME...MOT...LOC 2336Z 298DEG 12KT 3823 10062 

TORNADO...POSSIBLE
HAIL...2.00IN
WIND...60MPH

$$

UMSCHEID

1 follow-up statement

041 
WWUS53 KDDC 280028
SVSDDC

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
728 PM CDT WED MAY 27 2015

KSC055-101-280037-
/O.EXP.KDDC.SV.W.0109.000000T0000Z-150528T0030Z/
FINNEY KS-LANE KS-
728 PM CDT WED MAY 27 2015

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR NORTHEASTERN FINNEY AND
SOUTHWESTERN LANE COUNTIES WILL EXPIRE AT 730 PM CDT...
        
THE STORM WHICH PROMPTED THE WARNING HAS MOVED OUT OF THE AREA.
THEREFORE THE WARNING WILL BE ALLOWED TO EXPIRE.  HOWEVER GUSTY WINDS
AND HEAVY RAIN ARE STILL POSSIBLE WITH THIS THUNDERSTORM.

A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1000 PM CDT FOR SOUTHWESTERN
KANSAS.

TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER...CONTACT YOUR NEAREST LAW ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY. THEY WILL RELAY YOUR REPORT TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE
DODGE CITY.

LAT...LON 3823 10023 3800 10045 3800 10048 3818 10075
      3835 10061
TIME...MOT...LOC 0026Z 298DEG 12KT 3823 10062 

$$

UMSCHEID

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Dodge City, KS wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at May 27, 1:25 PM CDT, 5 hours 13 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, May 27, 1:25 PM CDT, 5 hours 13 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
125 PM CDT WED MAY 27 2015

...UPDATED FOR LONG TERM DISCUSSION...

.SHORT TERM...(THIS EVENING THROUGH THURSDAY)
ISSUED AT 1242 PM CDT WED MAY 27 2015

TONIGHT:

IT IS STILL UNCLEAR HOW STORM EVOLUTION WILL PLAY OUT TONIGHT.
TOOK SOME INPUT FROM THE HRRR AND MORE IMPORTANTLY THE WRF-ARW FOR
A BASELINE OF GRID PRODUCTS. THINK CONVECTION WILL FIRE LATE THIS
AFTERNOON ROUGHLY BETWEEN HIGHWAY 83 AND HIGHWAY 283. WILL HAVE TO
WATCH DOWN BY LIBERAL, MEADE, AND ULYSSES AS THE WINDS ARE MORE
BACKED HERE. THIS COULD LEAD TO A SLIGHTLY HIGHER TORNADO THREAT.
CAPE WILL BE IN THE 2000-3000 J/KG ALONG WITH 30-40 KT OF SHEAR.
THE LOW LEVEL PROFILE HAS GOOD DIRECTIONAL SHEAR, HOWEVER, SPEED
SHEAR IS NOT THAT IMPRESSIVE. THINK THE MAIN THREATS FOR THIS
EVENING WILL BE LARGE HAIL UP TO TENNIS BALL SIZE, HEAVY RAINFALL
WITH LOCALIZED FLASH FLOODING, AND A BRIEF TORNADO OR TWO WITH THE
INITIAL ONSET OF CONVECTION. THE HRRR HAS THE STORMS EVOLVING INTO
A MESSY CLUSTER LATER TONIGHT, SO THAT COULD POTENTIALLY LEAD TO
LESS OF A TORNADO THREAT FOR AREAS EAST OF DODGE CITY. PWATS WILL
REMAIN STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT THROUGH THE EVENT, SO A FEW
INCHES OF RAIN IS NOT OUT OF THE QUESTION FOR AREAS THAT ARE
UNDERNEATH TRAINING STORMS. ADDITIONAL SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS
WILL BE POSSIBLE THROUGH THE OVERNIGHT AS THE LOW LEVEL JET
STRENGTHENS ALONG WITH THETA-E ADVECTION. LOWS WILL BE IN THE
UPPER 50S TO LOWER 60S.

TOMORROW:

THE WET PATTERN CONTINUES WITH ANOTHER SHOT AT CONVECTION DURING
THE AFTERNOON. INSTABILITY WILL BE PLENTY FOR SEVERE WEATHER,
HOWEVER, SHEAR TOMORROW IS FORECAST TO BE WEAKER. SO STORM TYPES
MAY BE MORE ALONG THE LINE OF MULTICELLULAR CLUSTERS WITH
TRANSIENT SUPERCELL STRUCTURES. LARGE HAIL, WIND, AND HEAVY
RAINFALL WILL BE THE MAIN THREATS. DIRECTIONAL SHEAR IS LESS
IMPRESSIVE AND UPPER LEVEL WINDS BACK WITH HEIGHT, SO A MORE MESSY
STORM TYPE IS MORE LIKELY. HIGHS WILL BE AROUND 80.

.LONG TERM...(THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY)
ISSUED AT 1255 PM CDT WED MAY 27 2015

THUNDERSTORM CHANCES WILL PERSIST INTO FRIDAY AND FRIDAY NIGHT AS
AN UPPER LEVEL TROUGH OVER THE NORTHWESTERN UNITED STATES SLOWLY
PROGRESSES TOWARD WESTERN KANSAS. AHEAD OF THIS FEATURE, AMPLE LOW
LEVEL MOISTURE WILL STILL BE IN PLACE. THUNDERSTORM CHANCES ARE
HIGH THURSDAY NIGHT, WITH ACTIVITY LINGERING ON FRIDAY AND PERHAPS
REDEVELOPING FRIDAY AFTERNOON AHEAD OF A COLD FRONT. THE TIMING
OF INDIVIDUAL STORM CLUSTERS WILL OF COURSE DEPEND ON AIRMASS
RECOVERY FROM PREVIOUS THUNDERSTORMS. SOME OF THE STORMS THURSDAY
NIGHT WILL LIKELY BE SEVERE WITH LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING WINDS. WE
ARE CONSIDERING A FLASH FLOOD WATCH FOR PARTS OF SOUTH CENTRAL AND
SOUTHWESTERN KANSAS. AFTER THE UPPER LEVEL TROUGH AXIS AND SURFACE
COLD FRONT PASS FRIDAY NIGHT, THE LOWER LEVELS WILL DRY OUT
SOMEWHAT AND TEMPERATURES WILL COOL. HIGHS SATURDAY SHOULD ONLY
REACH NEAR 70, WITH LOWS IN THE LOWER 50S BY SUNDAY MORNING.

WEAK UPPER LEVEL RIDGING WILL DEVELOP OVER THE PLAINS BY LATE
SUNDAY, ALONG WITH LEE TROUGHING, SOUTHERLY WINDS AND A WARMING
TREND THROUGH MID WEEK. HIGH TEMPERATURES OUGHT TO WARM INTO THE
LOWER 80S BY MONDAY AND THEN MID TO UPPER 80S BY TUESDAY AND
WEDNESDAY. A LARGE UPPER LEVEL TROUGH WILL DEVELOP ACROSS THE
WESTERN UNITED STATES BY MID TO LATE NEXT WEEK WITH CONTINUED LEE
TROUGHING AND SOME CHANCE FOR LATE DAY AND NIGHTTIME THUNDERSTORMS.
SOME OF THESE STORMS COULD BE SEVERE BUT IT'S NOT LOOKING LIKE A
TORNADIC PATTERN SINCE THE UPPER LEVEL JET IS PROGGED TO STAY
NORTH OF KANSAS. OVERNIGHT LOWS WILL BE HELD UP BY HIGH DEWPOINTS
AND SOUTH WINDS.

&&

.AVIATION...(FOR THE 18Z TAFS THROUGH 18Z THURSDAY AFTERNOON)
ISSUED AT 1200 PM CDT WED MAY 27 2015

CIGS SHOULD BE PRIMARILY VFR. THERE IS AN OUTSIDE CHANCE THAT
A LOCALLY SEVERE STORM COULD MOVE ACROSS THE TERMINALS THIS
EVENING AND PROVIDE REDUCED CIGS, BUT CONFIDENCE IS NOT HIGH IN
TIMING OR LOCATION. WILL CONTINUE WITH TSRA/CB GROUPS FOR THIS
EVENING FOR NOW. ADDITIONAL THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY IS POSSIBLE
THROUGH THE OVERNIGHT AS THE LOW LEVEL JET STRENGTHENS. WINDS WILL
BE SOUTHEASTERLY 5-15 KT.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
DDC  82  61  80  61 /  50  60  60  70
GCK  82  59  81  58 /  50  60  40  50
EHA  85  58  80  56 /  40  40  30  30
LBL  85  60  81  60 /  40  50  40  50
HYS  80  61  79  60 /  50  60  60  70
P28  82  64  79  65 /  50  70  60  60

&&

.DDC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
NONE.
&&

SHORT TERM...SUGDEN
LONG TERM...FINCH
AVIATION...SUGDEN

Hazardous weather outlook, May 27, 1:40 PM CDT, 4 hours 58 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
140 PM CDT WED MAY 27 2015

KSZ030-031-043>046-061>066-074>081-084>090-281845-
TREGO-ELLIS-SCOTT-LANE-NESS-RUSH-HAMILTON-KEARNY-FINNEY-HODGEMAN-
PAWNEE-STAFFORD-STANTON-GRANT-HASKELL-GRAY-FORD-EDWARDS-KIOWA-
PRATT-MORTON-STEVENS-SEWARD-MEADE-CLARK-COMANCHE-BARBER-
140 PM CDT WED MAY 27 2015

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF CENTRAL...SOUTH
CENTRAL...SOUTHWEST AND WEST CENTRAL KANSAS.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

WEATHER HAZARDS EXPECTED...

  LIMITED TORNADO RISK.
  ELEVATED HAIL RISK.
  ELEVATED THUNDERSTORM WIND DAMAGE RISK.
  LIMITED FLOODING RISK.
  ELEVATED LIGHTNING RISK.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...THURSDAY THROUGH TUESDAY.

HAZARDS WEATHER RISK...

  THURSDAY...
  LIMITED FLOODING RISK.
  LIMITED SEVERE THUNDERSTORM RISK.

  FRIDAY...
  LIMITED FLOODING RISK.
  LIMITED SEVERE THUNDERSTORM RISK.

  SATURDAY...
  LIMITED FLOODING RISK.
  ELEVATED LIGHTNING RISK.

  SUNDAY...
  LIMITED LIGHTNING RISK.

  MONDAY...
  NO HAZARDS.

  TUESDAY...
  LIMITED LIGHTNING RISK.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED LATER TODAY OR TONIGHT.

&&

FOR MORE DETAILS VISIT OUR WEBPAGE HTTP://WEATHER.GOV/DDC/EHWO

In the hours before

Local storm report, May 27, 5:18 PM CDT, 1 hour 20 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
518 PM CDT WED MAY 27 2015

...TIME...  ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
...DATE...  ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0440 PM     HAIL             3 SW AMY                38.42N 100.64W
05/27/2015  E1.00 INCH       LANE               KS   PUBLIC

&&

MSCOTT

Local storm report, May 27, 5:38 PM CDT, 1 hour before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
538 PM CDT WED MAY 27 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0530 PM     HAIL             4 E MEADE               37.28N 100.27W
05/27/2015  E2.00 INCH       MEADE              KS   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

UMSCHEID

Local storm report, May 27, 5:56 PM CDT, 42 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
556 PM CDT WED MAY 27 2015

...TIME...  ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
...DATE...  ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0552 PM     HAIL             12 S ALAMOTA            38.27N 100.34W
05/27/2015  E1.50 INCH       LANE               KS   PUBLIC

&&

MSCOTT

Local storm report, May 27, 6:01 PM CDT, 37 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
601 PM CDT WED MAY 27 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0552 PM     TORNADO          13 N KALVESTA           38.24N 100.31W
05/27/2015                   FINNEY             KS   STORM CHASER

&&

UMSCHEID

Local storm report, May 27, 6:09 PM CDT, 29 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
609 PM CDT WED MAY 27 2015

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0602 PM     HAIL             3 S SUBLETTE            37.44N 100.85W
05/27/2015  E1.75 INCH       HASKELL            KS   STORM CHASER

&&

JFINCH

Local storm report, May 27, 6:31 PM CDT, 7 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DODGE CITY KS
631 PM CDT WED MAY 27 2015

...TIME...  ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
...DATE...  ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0628 PM     HAIL             TICE                    37.51N 100.71W
05/27/2015  E1.00 INCH       HASKELL            KS   PUBLIC

&&

MSCOTT

The office that day

Everything else NWS Dodge City, KS issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
May 27, 2:02 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Lane	28 min
May 27, 2:08 PM CDT	Flash Flood Watch	DDC	Barber, Clark, Comanche, Edwards, Ford, Kiowa and 3 more	41 hr
May 27, 2:30 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Lane	45 min
May 27, 2:42 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Finney, Scott	48 min
May 27, 3:09 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	DDC	Lane	36 min
May 27, 3:20 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Meade	25 min
May 27, 3:33 PM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	DDC	Finney, Lane, Scott	6 hr
May 27, 3:41 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Lane	49 min
May 27, 3:55 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Meade	50 min
May 27, 3:59 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	DDC	Lane	31 min
May 27, 4:03 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	DDC	Lane	27 min
May 27, 4:12 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Meade	48 min
May 27, 4:21 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Lane, Scott	28 min
May 27, 4:28 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	DDC	Lane, Scott	11 min
May 27, 4:31 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Lane, Ness	44 min
May 27, 4:34 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Haskell	56 min
May 27, 4:48 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Finney, Lane	42 min
May 27, 4:52 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Clark, Meade	42 min
May 27, 5:15 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	DDC	Haskell	30 min
May 27, 5:23 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Finney, Hodgeman, Lane, Ness	52 min
May 27, 5:26 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Clark, Meade	49 min
May 27, 5:40 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Haskell	50 min
May 27, 5:46 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	DDC	Haskell	15 min
May 27, 5:56 PM CDT	Tornado Warning Tornado observed	DDC	Finney, Hodgeman	34 min
May 27, 6:06 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Finney, Lane, Scott	54 min
May 27, 6:10 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Clark, Meade	33 min
May 27, 6:11 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Morton, Stanton	14 min
May 27, 6:25 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Gray, Haskell, Meade	53 min
May 27, 6:27 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Scott	48 min
May 27, 6:31 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	DDC	Finney, Hodgeman	29 min
May 27, 6:46 PM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	DDC	Clark, Meade	3 hr
May 27, 6:46 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	DDC	Haskell	13 min
May 27, 6:47 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	DDC	Finney, Gray	28 min
May 27, 6:49 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	DDC	Grant, Haskell	30 min
May 27, 6:58 PM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	DDC	Haskell	3 hr

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Kansas, 2015 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2015

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.