Alert archive / California / Areal Flood Advisories in 2014
Areal Flood Advisory 21, NWS San Francisco Bay Area, CA
NWS San Francisco Bay Area, CA issued this areal flood advisory at Dec 11, 2014, 11:46 AM PST for Monterey County, California. It was in force for 3 hr.
The area
The counties it named.
The facts
- Issued
- Dec 11, 2014, 11:46 AM PST (19:46 UTC)
- Expired
- Dec 11, 2014, 2:45 PM PST
- In force
- 3 hr
- Issued by
- NWS San Francisco Bay Area, CA
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
County Monterey County, CA
The radar
The San Francisco radar (KMUX), 115 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 19:49 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
The nearest sounding before it
Oakland, CA (KOAK), launched 12:00Z, 7.8 hours before the alert went out and 184 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 0 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- No buoyant parcel
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 893 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 56 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 308 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 555 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.0
What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this areal flood advisory went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS San Francisco Bay Area, CA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this areal flood advisory went out at Dec 11, 9:58 AM PST, 1 hour 48 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Dec 11, 9:58 AM PST, 1 hour 48 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA
958 AM PST THU DEC 11 2014
...STRONG FRONT TO MOVE THROUGH THE BAY AREA TODAY...
.SYNOPSIS...HEAVY RAIN IN THE NORTH BAY THIS MORNING WILL WORK ITS
WAY THROUGH THE BAY AREA THROUGH MIDDAY AND EARLY AFTERNOON BEFORE
REACHING THE MONTEREY BAY REGION LATE THIS AFTERNOON/EARLY
EVENING. STRONG SOUTHERLY WINDS WILL ACCOMPANY THE FRONTAL PASSAGE
AND THEN SHIFT WEST BY THIS EVENING. SHOWERS AND POSSIBLE
THUNDERSTORMS WILL LINGER OVERNIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY AFTERNOON. DRY
WEATHER RETURNS THIS WEEKEND BEFORE ANOTHER CHANCE OF LIGHT RAIN
BY SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY.
&&
.DISCUSSION...AS OF 09:19 AM PST THURSDAY...CURRENTLY WATCHING A
VERY STRONG FRONTAL RAIN BAND MOVING ACROSS THE SOUTH BAY THAT
PRODUCED WIDESPREAD FLASH FLOODING OVER THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA
WITHIN THE PAST SEVERAL HOURS. IT IS NOW MOVING THROUGH THE SANTA
CRUZ MOUNTAINS AND WILL BEGIN TO IMPACT THE SAN JOSE REGION
SHORTLY. RAINFALL RATES IN EXCESS OF 1.00" PER HOUR HAVE BEEN
REPORTED WITH THIS BAND THAT WILL CONTINUE TO SLOWLY PUSH
INLAND...REACHING THE MONTEREY BAY AREA LATER THIS MORNING OR
EARLY AFTERNOON. WHILE MODERATE RAIN WILL CONTINUE IN WAKE OF THE
HEAVY RAIN BAND...PRECIPITATION WILL BEGIN TO TAPPER OFF OVER THE
EXTREME PORTIONS OF THE NORTH BAY...MAINLY SONOMA COUNTY SHORTLY.
WIND SPEEDS CONTINUE TO BE A CONCERN WITH WIND GUSTS BETWEEN 60
AND 70 MPH IN THE HIGHER ELEVATIONS...DID GET A PEAK OF 83 MPH ON
MT. HAMILTON. AGAIN...THE STRONGEST WINDS HAVE BEEN OUT HEAD OF
THE MAIN FRONTAL RAIN BAND AND WILL CONTINUE TO INCREASE OVER THE
SOUTH BAY AND DOWN THE COAST THROUGH MONTEREY COUNTY.
DID NOT MAKE ANY MAJOR CHANGES TO THE ONGOING FORECAST THIS
MORNING...YET HAVE TRIED TO CAPTURE THE CURRENT TRENDS.
&&
.PREV DISCUSSION...AS OF 4:23 AM PST THURSDAY...WILL TRY AND BE
CONCISE AND FOCUS ON HEADLINES. THE FRONT HAS STALLED MOST OF THE
NIGHT IN THE NORTH BAY WITH ONLY 0.01 SO FAR IN THE CITY WHILE THE
VENADO GAGE ON THE SONOMA COAST IS NOW UP TO 4.12 INCHES. OTHER
NOTABLE RAIN TOTALS SO FAR INCLUDE 3.41 AT HAWKEYE (NORTHERN
SONOMA) AND 2.48 AT ANGWIN (NORTHERN NAPA). THE 06Z NAM CAME IN
LAST NIGHT AND SHOWED THE BULLS-EYE OF PRECIP OVER NORTHERN SONOMA
AND SOUTHERN MENDOCINO AND THAT SEEMS TO BE VERIFYING RIGHT NOW.
THOSE IN THE BAY AREA THAT ARE AWAITING MORNING RAINFALL JUST NEED
TO BE PATIENT...THE FRONT IS ON ITS WAY. HAVE ISSUED AN URBAN AND
SMALL STREAM FLOOD ADVISORY FOR THE 3 NORTH BAY COUNTIES FOR THIS
MORNING TO COVER THE COPIOUS RAINFALL THAT IS FALLING UP THERE.
OTHER MAIN CONCERN IS THE REACTION OF THE MAIN STEM RIVERS
INCLUDING THE RUSSIAN AND NAPA. WE RECEIVED NEW DATA AROUND 3 AM
FROM THE RFC THAT SHOWS SOME VERY IMPRESSIVE RISES. THE NAPA RIVER
AT NAPA COULD REACH FLOOD STAGE BY LATE THIS AFTERNOON SO THE
FLASH FLOOD WATCH WILL STAY IN PLACE. AFTER COORDINATING WITH
HYDROLOGISTS WILL WAIT UNTIL 9 AM MODEL SIMULATIONS BEFORE ISSUING
ANY STATEMENTS ON THE RUSSIAN OR NAPA. ANY QUICK RISES BY TONIGHT
SHOULD BE FOLLOWED BY RAPID FALLS AS WELL.
THE HEAVY RAIN WILL MARCH SOUTHWARD THROUGH THE BAY AREA LATER
THIS MORNING AND INTO THE EARLY AFTERNOON HOURS....FINALLY
REACHING THE MONTEREY BAY REGION LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND EARLY
EVENING. THE HEAVY RAIN WILL PRODUCE URBAN AND SMALL STREAM
FLOODING ISSUES AND THE FLASH FLOOD WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT
TODAY. HIGH WIND WARNING WILL STAY IN PLACE AS WELL WITH VERY
STRONG SOUTH WIND GUSTS TO 50 MPH AHEAD OF AND JUST BEHIND THE
FRONTAL PASSAGE. WINDS WILL QUICKLY EASE BEHIND THE FRONT THIS
EVENING AND THE WARNING WILL LIKELY BE ABLE TO BE DOWNGRADED BY
THIS EVENING.
HIGH SURF ADVISORY REMAINS IN EFFECT AS WELL AND THE COASTAL
BUOYS ARE ALREADY REPORTING SEA HEIGHTS TO 16 FEET.
WERE ALSO MONITORING T-STORM POTENTIAL AND SPC HAS HIGHLIGHTED
OUR AREA FOR A MARGINAL THREAT. MAIN CONCERN IS ACTUALLY OVER THE
OCEAN WHERE THE WARM SSTS WILL HELP DESTABILIZE THINGS BEHIND THE
FRONT AS SOME OF THE COOLER AIR ALOFT ARRIVES.
STEADY RAIN WILL QUICKLY END BEHIND THE FRONT AND SHOWERS WILL
LINGER OVERNIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY EVENING. SATURDAY LOOKS REAL NICE
WITH HIGH PRESSURE BUILDING.
NEXT FRONT ARRIVES SUNDAY EVENING SO THE DAYLIGHT HOURS OF SUNDAY
LOOK GOOD. THE SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY RAIN LOOKS LIGHT TO
MODERATE WITH TOTALS FROM 0.25-0.75 FOR THE GREATER BAY AREA. A
NICE WINTER SOAKING. SHOWER THREAT TO CONTINUE AT LEAST THROUGH
TUESDAY WITH HINTS OF ANOTHER WEAK TO MODERATE STORM TOWARDS THE
SECOND HALF OF NEXT WEEK.
.&&
AVIATION...AS OF 10:15 AM PST THURSDAY...A STRONG STORM SYSTEM
CONTINUES TO PASS OVER THE FORECAST AREA THIS MORNING. IN THE SF
BAY AREA THIS HAS RESULTED IN HEAVY RAIN AND STRONG WINDS. THESE
CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE TO PUSH SOUTH INTO THE MONTEREY
BAY AREA BY THIS AFTERNOON.
VICINITY OF KSFO...POOR WEATHER CONDITIONS WITH MODERATE TO HEAVY
RAIN FALL IS EXPECTED TO PERSIST INTO AFTERNOON AND EVENING HOURS.
CONFIDENCE IS MODERATE.
KSFO BRIDGE APPROACH...ADVERSE WEATHER SIMILAR
TO KSFO.
MONTEREY BAY AREA TERMINALS...WINDS WILL CONTINUE TO INCREASE AT
THE TERMINALS TODAY WITH MODERATE TO HEAVY RAIN ANTICIPATED TO
IMPACT THE TERMINALS BY EARLY AFTERNOON.
CONFIDENCE IS MODERATE.
&&
&&
.MARINE...AS OF 09:19 AM PST THURSDAY...AN EXTREMELY STRONG
PACIFIC STORM SYSTEM IS MOVING ACROSS THE COASTAL WATERS TODAY.
THIS IS RESULTING IN DANGEROUS SEA CONDITIONS AND VERY STRONG
SOUTHERLY WINDS. WINDS ARE EXPECTED TO DECREASE THIS EVENING AS
THE COLD FRONT MOVES ON SHORE. HAZARDOUS SEAS ARE ANTICIPATED TO
PERSIST THROUGH FRIDAY AFTERNOON. ALONG WITH THE DANGEROUS SEA AND
WIND CONDITIONS PERIODS OF HEAVY RAIN AND POTENTIAL WATER SPOUTS
WILL REMAIN POSSIBLE THROUGH THIS EVENING.
&&
.MTR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
.TDAY...HIGH WIND WARNING...ENTIRE SF AND MONTEREY BAY REGION
FLASH FLOOD WATCH...ENTIRE SF AND MONTEREY BAY REGION
HIGH SURF ADVISORY...COASTLINE FROM SONOMA TO BIG SUR
GLW...SF BAY SOUTH OF THE BAY BRIDGE UNTIL 3 PM
GLW...MONTEREY BAY UNTIL 3 PM
GLW...PT ARENA TO PT REYES 0-10 NM UNTIL 3 PM
GLW...PT REYES TO PIGEON PT 0-10 NM UNTIL 3 PM
GLW...PIGEON PT TO PT PINOS 0-10 NM UNTIL 3 PM
GLW...PT ARENA TO PT REYES 10-60 NM UNTIL 3 PM
GLW...PT REYES TO PIGEON PT 10-60 NM UNTIL 3 PM
GLW...PIGEON PT TO PT PINOS 10-60 NM UNTIL 3 PM
SCA...PT ARENA TO PT REYES 0-10 NM FROM 4 PM
SCA...PT REYES TO PIGEON PT 0-10 NM FROM 4 PM
SCA...PIGEON PT TO PT PINOS 0-10 NM FROM 4 PM
SCA...PT PINOS TO PT PIEDRAS BLANCAS 0-10 NM FROM 4 PM
SCA...PT ARENA TO PT REYES 10-60 NM FROM 4 PM
SCA...PT REYES TO PIGEON PT 10-60 NM FROM 4 PM
SCA...PIGEON PT TO PT PINOS 10-60 NM FROM 4 PM
SCA...PT PINOS TO PT PIEDRAS BLANCAS 10-60 NM FROM 4 PM
GLW...PT PINOS TO PT PIEDRAS BLANCAS 0-10 NM
GLW...PT PINOS TO PT PIEDRAS BLANCAS 10-60 NM
SCA...ROUGH BAR ADVISORY FOR SF BAR
SRW...SF BAY NORTH OF THE BAY BRIDGE UNTIL 3 PM
&&
PUBLIC FORECAST: RGASS
AVIATION/MARINE: LARRY
VISIT US AT WEATHER.GOV/SANFRANCISCO
FOLLOW US ON FACEBOOK, TWITTER, AND YOUTUBE AT:
WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/NWSBAYAREA
WWW.TWITTER.COM/NWSBAYAREA
WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/NWSBAYAREAHazardous weather outlook, Dec 11, 5:42 AM PST, 6 hours 4 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA 542 AM PST THU DEC 11 2014 CAZ006-505>513-516>518-528>530-120100- SAN FRANCISCO- COASTAL NORTH BAY...INCLUDING POINT REYES NATIONAL SEASHORE- NORTH BAY INTERIOR VALLEYS-NORTH BAY MOUNTAINS- SAN FRANCISCO BAY SHORELINE-SAN FRANCISCO PENINSULA COAST- EAST BAY INTERIOR VALLEYS-EAST BAY HILLS AND DIABLO RANGE- SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS-SANTA CLARA VALLEY...INCLUDING SAN JOSE- SOUTHERN SALINAS VALLEY...ARROYO SECO...AND LAKE SAN ANTONIO- SANTA LUCIA MOUNTAINS AND LOS PADRES NATIONAL FOREST- MOUNTAINS OF SAN BENITO AND INTERIOR MONTEREY COUNTY INCLUDING PINNACLES NATIONAL PARK- NORTHERN SALINAS VALLEY...HOLLISTER VALLEY...AND CARMEL VALLEY- NORTHERN MONTEREY BAY-SOUTHERN MONTEREY BAY AND BIG SUR COAST- 542 AM PST THU DEC 11 2014 THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA AND MONTEREY BAY AREA. .DAY ONE...THURSDAY AND THURSDAY NIGHT A POWERFUL PACIFIC STORM SYSTEM WILL BRING HEAVY RAIN AND THE POTENTIAL FOR STRONG DAMAGING WINDS THROUGH THURSDAY EVENING. * HIGH WIND WARNING IN EFFECT FOR THE ENTIRE REGION * * FLASH FLOOD WATCH IN EFFECT FOR THE ENTIRE REGION * * HIGH SURF ADVISORY ALONG THE COAST * * FOR A DETAILED VIEW OF THE HAZARDS...PLEASE VISIT HTTP://WWW.WEATHER.GOV/MONTEREY/HAZARDS .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...FRIDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY SHOWERS AND ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS FRIDAY. DRY WEATHER RETURNS SATURDAY THROUGH THE DAYLIGHT HOURS OF SUNDAY. LIGHT TO MODERATE RAIN RETURNS SUNDAY NIGHT INTO MONDAY WITH SHOWERS THROUGH TUESDAY. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... WEATHER SPOTTERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO REPORT SIGNIFICANT WEATHER CONDITIONS PER STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES.
In the hours before
Local storm report, Dec 11, 10:24 AM PST, 1 hour 22 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO CA
1024 AM PST THU DEC 11 2014
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1024 AM HEAVY RAIN 2 WNW ROHNERT PARK 38.35N 122.73W
12/11/2014 M4.05 INCH SONOMA CA TRAINED SPOTTER
24 HOUR RAINFALL TOTAL
&&
MMEHLELocal storm report, Dec 11, 10:37 AM PST, 1 hour 9 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SAN FRANCISCO CA
1037 AM PST THU DEC 11 2014
..TIME... ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE... ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
1036 AM NON-TSTM WND DMG 4 SSW CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA 36.50N 121.94W
12/11/2014 MONTEREY CA BROADCAST MEDIA
PETER PAN ROAD AT HIGHWAY 1 BLOCKED BY A DOWNED TREE.
&&
JOHNSONLocal storm report, Dec 11, 10:59 AM PST, 47 minutes before
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Service Notice</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css">
</head>
<body>
<main class="wrap">
<section class="card" role="status" aria-live="polite">
<div class="status" id="status">Temporary Notice</div>
<h1 id="headline">This service is currently unavailable.</h1>
<p id="message1">
The site you requested is temporarily down for maintenance or an unexpected outage.
</p>
<p id="message2">
Please try again in a few minutes.
</p>
<p class="small" id="detail">
If you are an administrator, restore upstream service and remove the redirect/fallback rule when normal operations resume.
</p>
</section>
</main>
<script src="index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>Local storm report, Dec 11, 11:10 AM PST, 36 minutes before
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Service Notice</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css">
</head>
<body>
<main class="wrap">
<section class="card" role="status" aria-live="polite">
<div class="status" id="status">Temporary Notice</div>
<h1 id="headline">This service is currently unavailable.</h1>
<p id="message1">
The site you requested is temporarily down for maintenance or an unexpected outage.
</p>
<p id="message2">
Please try again in a few minutes.
</p>
<p class="small" id="detail">
If you are an administrator, restore upstream service and remove the redirect/fallback rule when normal operations resume.
</p>
</section>
</main>
<script src="index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>Local storm report, Dec 11, 11:11 AM PST, 35 minutes before
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Service Notice</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css">
</head>
<body>
<main class="wrap">
<section class="card" role="status" aria-live="polite">
<div class="status" id="status">Temporary Notice</div>
<h1 id="headline">This service is currently unavailable.</h1>
<p id="message1">
The site you requested is temporarily down for maintenance or an unexpected outage.
</p>
<p id="message2">
Please try again in a few minutes.
</p>
<p class="small" id="detail">
If you are an administrator, restore upstream service and remove the redirect/fallback rule when normal operations resume.
</p>
</section>
</main>
<script src="index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>Local storm report, Dec 11, 11:19 AM PST, 27 minutes before
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Service Notice</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css">
</head>
<body>
<main class="wrap">
<section class="card" role="status" aria-live="polite">
<div class="status" id="status">Temporary Notice</div>
<h1 id="headline">This service is currently unavailable.</h1>
<p id="message1">
The site you requested is temporarily down for maintenance or an unexpected outage.
</p>
<p id="message2">
Please try again in a few minutes.
</p>
<p class="small" id="detail">
If you are an administrator, restore upstream service and remove the redirect/fallback rule when normal operations resume.
</p>
</section>
</main>
<script src="index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>The office that day
Everything else NWS San Francisco Bay Area, CA issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dec 11, 3:31 AM PST | Areal Flood Advisory | MTR | Marin, Napa, Sonoma | 8 hr |
| Dec 11, 6:50 AM PST | Areal Flood Advisory | MTR | Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, City and County of San Francisco, San Mateo | 3 hr |
| Dec 11, 7:15 AM PST | Flash Flood Warning | MTR | Marin, Sonoma | 3 hr |
| Dec 11, 7:48 AM PST | Flash Flood Warning | MTR | Napa, Sonoma | 3 hr |
| Dec 11, 8:00 AM PST | Flash Flood Warning | MTR | City and County of San Francisco, San Mateo | 90 min |
| Dec 11, 8:16 AM PST | Flash Flood Warning | MTR | Alameda, Contra Costa, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz | 3 hr |
| Dec 11, 8:45 AM PST | Small Craft Advisory for Hazardous Seas | MTR | 31 hr | |
| Dec 11, 9:00 AM PST | Flash Flood Warning | MTR | Napa, Sonoma | 7 hr |
| Dec 11, 9:22 AM PST | Flash Flood Warning | MTR | Alameda, Contra Costa, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz | 3 hr |
| Dec 11, 9:24 AM PST | River Flood Warning | MTR | Napa | 20 hr |
| Dec 11, 9:24 AM PST | River Flood Warning | MTR | Sonoma | 53 hr |
| Dec 11, 10:15 AM PST | Flash Flood Warning | MTR | Marin, Napa, Sonoma | 90 min |
| Dec 11, 10:41 AM PST | Coastal Flood Warning | MTR | Alameda, Contra Costa, City and County of San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara | 8 hr |
| Dec 11, 10:42 AM PST | Flash Flood Warning | MTR | Monterey, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz | 3 hr |
| Dec 11, 10:43 AM PST | Flash Flood Warning | MTR | Napa, Sonoma | 92 min |
| Dec 11, 11:22 AM PST | Areal Flood Advisory | MTR | Alameda, Contra Costa, City and County of San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz | 3 hr |
| Dec 11, 12:00 PM PST | Areal Flood Advisory | MTR | Alameda, Contra Costa, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz | 3 hr |
| Dec 11, 1:52 PM PST | Areal Flood Advisory | MTR | Marin, Napa, Sonoma | 5 hr |
| Dec 11, 2:21 PM PST | Flash Flood Warning | MTR | San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz | 54 min |
| Dec 11, 2:23 PM PST | Flash Flood Warning | MTR | Monterey | 3 hr |
| Dec 11, 2:59 PM PST | Areal Flood Advisory | MTR | Alameda, Contra Costa, City and County of San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara | 3 hr |
| Dec 11, 3:11 PM PST | Areal Flood Advisory | MTR | San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz | 3 hr |
Nearby
Areal Flood Advisories in California, 2014Every areal flood advisory in 2014
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.