Alert archive / Pennsylvania / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2011

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 138, NWS Pittsburgh, PA

July 11, 20115 counties in Pennsylvania

NWS Pittsburgh, PA issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Jul 11, 2011, 5:00 PM EDT for 5 counties in Pennsylvania. It was in force for 60 min. 3 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Jul 11, 2011, 5:00 PM EDT (21:00 UTC)
Expired: Jul 11, 2011, 6:00 PM EDT
In force: 60 min
Issued by: NWS Pittsburgh, PA
Area: Storm-based polygon

Counties Allegheny County, PA, Fayette County, PA, Greene County, PA, Washington County, PA, Westmoreland County, PA

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Jul 11, 5:20 PM EDT	TSTM WND DMG	Export, PA	TREES DOWN
Jul 11, 5:25 PM EDT	TSTM WND DMG	Uniontown, PA	TREES AND POWER LINES DOWN IN UNIONTOWN AND GERMAN TOWNSHIP
Jul 11, 5:47 PM EDT	TSTM WND DMG	Latrobe, PA	LARGE BRANCHES BROKEN

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 3 storm reports to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 20 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Jul 11, 2:16 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	6 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Pittsburgh, PA (KPIT), launched 12:00Z, 9.0 hours before the alert went out and 73 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 135 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -120 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 1116 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 27 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 79 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 113 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.1

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

688 
WUUS51 KPBZ 112100
SVRPBZ
PAC003-051-059-125-129-112200-
/O.NEW.KPBZ.SV.W.0138.110711T2100Z-110711T2200Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PITTSBURGH PA
500 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN PITTSBURGH HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  FAYETTE COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA...
  SOUTHEASTERN WASHINGTON COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA...
  SOUTHEASTERN ALLEGHENY COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA...
  WESTMORELAND COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA...
  EASTERN GREENE COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA...

* UNTIL 600 PM EDT

* AT 456 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS
  OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR CALIFORNIA...MOVING EAST AT
  50 MPH.

* OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO  
  WILKINSBURG...        WEST MIFFLIN...       TURTLE CREEK...
  MOUNT MORRIS...       MONONGAHELA...        MCKEESPORT...
  MARIANNA...           JEFFERSON BORO...     ELIZABETH BORO...
  CHARLEROI...          CARMICHAELS...        BENTLEYVILLE...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

THIS STORM HAS A HISTORY OF PRODUCING DESTRUCTIVE WINDS. SEEK 
SHELTER NOW INSIDE A STURDY STRUCTURE AND STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS!

PLEASE REPORT HAIL...STRONG WINDS OR WIND DAMAGE TO THE NATIONAL
WEATHER SERVICE BY CALLING TOLL FREE. 1-877-633-6772...WHEN YOU CAN
DO SO SAFELY.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1000 PM EDT
MONDAY EVENING FOR SOUTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA AND NORTHERN WEST
VIRGINIA.

&&

LAT...LON 4012 7917 4008 7926 3991 7940 3985 7941
      3981 7935 3978 7939 3973 7940 3972 8022
      4050 7991 4034 7901
TIME...MOT...LOC 2057Z 282DEG 45KT 4009 7991

$$
34

1 follow-up statement

090 
WWUS51 KPBZ 112134
SVSPBZ

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PITTSBURGH PA
534 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

PAC003-125-112144-
/O.CAN.KPBZ.SV.W.0138.000000T0000Z-110711T2200Z/
WASHINGTON PA-ALLEGHENY PA-
534 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR ALLEGHENY AND WASHINGTON
COUNTIES IS CANCELLED...

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1000 PM EDT
MONDAY EVENING FOR SOUTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA AND NORTHERN WEST
VIRGINIA.

LAT...LON 3973 7999 4045 7970 4034 7901 4012 7917
      4008 7926 3991 7940 3985 7941 3981 7935
      3978 7939 3973 7940
TIME...MOT...LOC 2134Z 282DEG 45KT 3999 7932

$$

PAC051-059-129-112200-
/O.CON.KPBZ.SV.W.0138.000000T0000Z-110711T2200Z/
FAYETTE PA-WESTMORELAND PA-GREENE PA-
534 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 600 PM EDT
FOR GREENE...WESTMORELAND AND FAYETTE COUNTIES...

AT 532 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN
EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR SEVEN SPRINGS...MOVING
EAST AT 50 MPH.

* OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO  
  WEST NEWTON...        WALTERSBURG...        UNIONTOWN...
  SEVEN SPRINGS...      PERRYOPOLIS...        OHIOPYLE...
  NEW STANTON...        NEW ALEXANDRIA...     NEMACOLIN...
  MURRYSVILLE...        MOUNT PLEASANT...     MASONTOWN...

THIS STORM HAS A HISTORY OF PRODUCING DESTRUCTIVE WINDS. SEEK 
SHELTER NOW INSIDE A STURDY STRUCTURE AND STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS!

PLEASE REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BY
CALLING TOLL FREE. 1-877-633-6772. WHEN YOU CAN DO SO SAFELY.


LAT...LON 3973 7999 4045 7970 4034 7901 4012 7917
      4008 7926 3991 7940 3985 7941 3981 7935
      3978 7939 3973 7940
TIME...MOT...LOC 2134Z 282DEG 45KT 3999 7932

$$
34

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Pittsburgh, PA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Jul 11, 4:58 PM EDT, 2 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jul 11, 4:58 PM EDT, 2 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PITTSBURGH PA
458 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

.SYNOPSIS...
A COLD FRONT WILL BRING THE RISK FOR SHOWERS AND STORMS THIS
EVENING AND INTO TUESDAY.

&&

.NEAR TERM /UNTIL 6 PM THIS EVENING/...
THUNDERSTORM COMPLEX IN ADVANCE OF COLD FRONT WILL COMPLETE A
CROSSING OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY THIS EVENING. BEST CHANCE OF
SEVERE WILL BE FOR COUNTIES SOUTH OF THE PA TURNPIKE DUE TO JET
STREAK/INCREASED SHEAR AS WELL AS INSTABILITY AXIS.

INITIAL SHORTWAVE WILL MOVE OVVR VA LTR THIS EVENING, AND, AT THE
SAME TIME, THE NEXT IN SERIES WILL MOVE INTO NW OHIO. THIS SECOND
WAVE WILL HELP TO PULL THE SFC FRONT INTO THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY.

WILL STAY CLOSE TO GUIDANCE FOR THE TEMP FORECAST.

&&

.SHORT TERM /6 PM THIS EVENING THROUGH THURSDAY/...
MODELS ARE PRESENTING A SCENARIO WHERE THE SFC BOUNDARY EXITS EAST
OF MY AREA BY LATE TUESDAY MORNING. WILL NEED TO KEEP IN THE
MENTION OF SHOWERS AND STORMS AHEAD OF THE FRONT INTO TUESDAY
MORNING. EVEN THOUGH THE FRONT MOVES THROUGH, IT DOES LITTLE TO
BREAK THE HUMIDITY. SFC TDS REMAIN NEAR 70 ON TUESDAY, WHICH WILL
KEEP THINGS MOIST AND UNSTABLE. MODELS ARE FOCUSING THE ACTIVITY
ALONG THE FRONT TUESDAY AS THERE IS A LACK OF UL SUPPORT TO GET
ANY POST-FRONTAL ACTIVITY GOING. WILL KEEP IN THE RISK FOR
ACTIVITY ACROSS THE SOUTH ON TUESDAY MORNING. I DON'T THINK THAT
ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY ON TUESDAY CAN BE COMPLETELY RULED OUT, WITH
NW ALOFT AND WEAK COOLING IN THE MID LEVELS, BUT THIS IS SOMETHING
THAT CAN BE ADDRESSED IN FUTURE FORECASTS.

LARGE SFC HIGH WILL SETTLE INTO THE GREAT LAKES WEDNESDAY,
STABILIZING THE ATMOSPHERE AND SLOWLY DECREASING THE HUMIDITY.

ANOTHER WARM AND HUMID DAY TUESDAY, WITH A BREAK EXPECTED ON
WEDNESDAY.

&&

.LONG TERM /THURSDAY NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY/...
NAEFS AND ECMWF CONTINUE TO INDICATE MS VALLEY RIDGE RETROGRESSION
TO THE CNTRL/SRN PLAINS WEEKS END, LEAVING NORTHWEST FLOW OVR THE
UPR OHIO VALLEY. MID WEEK CDFNT IS STILL EXPECTED TO SAG FAR
ENOUGH SOUTH TO PERSIST WITH A DRY THURSDAY. THEREAFTER, DIURNALLY
SUPPORTED CHC PRECIP PROBABILITIES WERE INTRODUCED TO ACCOUNT FOR
SHORTWAVE PASSAGE OFF THE LAKES WITH WARM FRONT AS POTENTIAL
FOCUSING MECHANISM. POP REDUCTION AND CONTINUED WARMTH IS
INDICATED FOR THE START OF THE NEW WEEK AS THE RIDGE AXIS SLIDES
EASTWARD.

TEMPERATURES UNDER THIS PATTERN SHOULD BE AT, OR ABOVE NORMAL AND
WERE FORECAST USING PERSISTENCE AND HPC GUIDANCE.

&&

.AVIATION /21Z MONDAY THROUGH SATURDAY/...
AREA OF TSRA WL MOVE ACRS THE UPR OH VALLEY THIS EVE AND TAF WL
FEATURE RESTRICTIONS WITH TSRA MENTION AT ALL PORTS. DAMAGING WIND
GUSTS ARE POSSIBLE WITH PASSAGE OF THIS COMPLEX.

DEPENDING ON ACTUAL RAINFALL PATTERN, AREAS OF MVFR IN FOG SEEM
LIKELY POST FRONTAL LATE OVERNIGHT TNGT/TUESDAY MORNING. AFTER THE
MORNING FOG BURNOFF...VFR WILL PREVAIL TUESDAY WITH ISOLATED AFTN
SHWRS/TSTMS POSSIBLE.

OUTLOOK FOR WEDNESDAY THROUGH SATURDAY...THE FRONTAL SYSTEM WILL
HOVER ACROSS CENTRAL WV WEDNESDAY...WITH A SHORTWAVE PERHAPS
CLIPPING FROM THE MASON DIXON LINE SOUTH. A FEW SHWRS CANNOT BE
RULED OUT SOUTH OF PIT WEDNESDAY WITH LOCAL MVFR POSSIBLE. HIGH
PRESSURE WILL BUILD IN FOR VFR THURSDAY INTO FRIDAY...WITH THE
NEXT SYSTEM AFFECTING THE AREA LATE FRIDAY AND SATURDAY.

&&

.PBZ WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MD...NONE.
OH...NONE.
PA...NONE.
WV...NONE.

&&

Hazardous weather outlook, Jul 11, 4:52 PM EDT, 8 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PITTSBURGH PA
452 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

MDZ001-PAZ007>009-013>016-022-023-122100-
GARRETT-MERCER-VENANGO-FOREST-LAWRENCE-BUTLER-CLARION-JEFFERSON PA-
ARMSTRONG-INDIANA-
452 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR WESTERN MARYLAND...NORTHWEST
PENNSYLVANIA AND WEST CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT.

THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK FOR SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
TONIGHT. THE MAIN SEVERE THREAT WILL BE DAMAGING WINDS....BUT
LARGE HAIL IS ALSO POSSIBLE.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY.

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

WEATHER SPOTTERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO REPORT SIGNIFICANT WEATHER
CONDITIONS ACCORDING TO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES.

PAZ074-122100-
WESTMORELAND RIDGES-
452 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 628 IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 PM EDT THIS
EVENING...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY.

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

WEATHER SPOTTERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO REPORT SIGNIFICANT WEATHER
CONDITIONS ACCORDING TO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES.

PAZ020-021-029-031-073-075-076-WVZ001>004-012-021>023-041-122100-
BEAVER-ALLEGHENY-WASHINGTON-GREENE-WESTMORELAND-FAYETTE-
FAYETTE RIDGES-HANCOCK-BROOKE-OHIO-MARSHALL-WETZEL-MARION-MONONGALIA-
PRESTON-TUCKER-
452 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

...SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH 628 IN EFFECT UNTIL 10 PM EDT THIS
EVENING...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTHWEST
PENNSYLVANIA...NORTHERN WEST VIRGINIA AND NORTHERN PANHANDLE OF
WEST VIRGINIA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT.

PLEASE LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO OR GO TO WEATHER.GOV ON THE
INTERNET FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOLLOWING HAZARDS.

   SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY.

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

WEATHER SPOTTERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO REPORT SIGNIFICANT WEATHER
CONDITIONS ACCORDING TO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES.

OHZ039>041-048>050-057>059-068-069-122100-
TUSCARAWAS-CARROLL-COLUMBIANA-COSHOCTON-HARRISON-JEFFERSON OH-
MUSKINGUM-GUERNSEY-BELMONT-NOBLE-MONROE-
452 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR EAST CENTRAL OHIO.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT.

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY.

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

WEATHER SPOTTERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO REPORT SIGNIFICANT WEATHER
CONDITIONS ACCORDING TO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Jul 11, 4:34 PM EDT, 26 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PITTSBURGH PA
434 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0428 PM     TSTM WND DMG     MINGO JUNCTION          40.32N  80.61W
07/11/2011                   JEFFERSON          OH   POP

            TREES DOWN

&&

EVENT NUMBER PBZ1100930

TGREEN

Local storm report, Jul 11, 4:43 PM EDT, 17 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PITTSBURGH PA
443 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0351 PM     TSTM WND DMG     FLUSHING                40.15N  81.07W
07/11/2011                   BELMONT            OH   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            MULTIPLE TREES DOWN

&&

EVENT NUMBER PBZ1100931

RG

Local storm report, Jul 11, 4:44 PM EDT, 16 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PITTSBURGH PA
444 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0351 PM     TSTM WND DMG     FAIRPOINT               40.12N  80.93W
07/11/2011                   BELMONT            OH   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            MULTIPLE TREES DOWN

&&

EVENT NUMBER PBZ1100932

RG

Local storm report, Jul 11, 4:49 PM EDT, 11 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PITTSBURGH PA
449 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0430 PM     TSTM WND DMG     MOUNDSVILLE             39.67N  81.48W
07/11/2011                   NOBLE              OH   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            TREES AND POWER LINES DOWN ACROSS THE
            COUNTY...PRIMARILY NORTH OF MOUNDSVILLE

&&

EVENT NUMBER PBZ1100933

TGREEN

Local storm report, Jul 11, 4:52 PM EDT, 8 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PITTSBURGH PA
452 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0430 PM     TSTM WND DMG     WHEELING                40.06N  80.72W
07/11/2011                   OHIO               WV   POP

            LARGE BRANCHES DOWN

&&

EVENT NUMBER PBZ1100934

RG

Local storm report, Jul 11, 4:54 PM EDT, 6 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PITTSBURGH PA
454 PM EDT MON JUL 11 2011

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0425 PM     TSTM WND DMG     WOODSFIELD              39.76N  81.12W
07/11/2011                   MONROE             OH   TRAINED SPOTTER

            LARGE TREE DOWN

&&

EVENT NUMBER PBZ1100936

RG

The office that day

Everything else NWS Pittsburgh, PA issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Jul 11, 3:46 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	PBZ	Beaver, Lawrence, Washington	44 min
Jul 11, 4:16 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	PBZ	Allegheny, Beaver, Washington, Westmoreland	44 min
Jul 11, 4:30 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	PBZ	Greene, Washington	45 min
Jul 11, 5:14 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	PBZ	Allegheny, Armstrong, Indiana, Westmoreland	61 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Pennsylvania, 2011 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2011

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive.