Alert archive / Missouri / Flash Flood Warnings in 2010

Flash Flood Warning 15, NWS Springfield, MO

April 30, 20105 counties in Missouri

NWS Springfield, MO issued this flash flood warning at Apr 30, 2010, 3:41 PM CDT for 5 counties in Missouri. It was in force for 6 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: Apr 30, 2010, 3:41 PM CDT (20:41 UTC)
Expired: Apr 30, 2010, 10:00 PM CDT
In force: 6 hr
Issued by: NWS Springfield, MO
Area: Storm-based polygon
Flood severity: None

Counties Barry County, MO, Christian County, MO, Greene County, MO, Lawrence County, MO, Stone County, MO

The radar

The Springfield radar (KSGF), 40 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:40 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this flash flood warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Springfield, MO (KSGF), launched 12:00Z, 8.7 hours before the alert went out and 22 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 217 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -186 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 903 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 47 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 250 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 221 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.1

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

982 
WGUS53 KSGF 302041
FFWSGF
MOC009-043-077-109-209-010300-
/O.NEW.KSGF.FF.W.0015.100430T2041Z-100501T0300Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
FLASH FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
341 PM CDT FRI APR 30 2010

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN SPRINGFIELD HAS ISSUED A

* FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR...
  BARRY COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST MISSOURI...
  NORTHWESTERN STONE COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST MISSOURI...
  SOUTHEASTERN LAWRENCE COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST MISSOURI...
  SOUTHERN GREENE COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST MISSOURI...
  WESTERN CHRISTIAN COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST MISSOURI...

* UNTIL 1000 PM CDT.

* AT 335 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED
  SLOW MOVING THUNDERSTORMS WITH VERY HEAVY RAINFALL ACROSS THE      
  WARNED AREA. THUNDERSTROMS PRODUCING RAINFALL AMOUNTS UP TO AN     
  INCH PER HOUR WERE MOVING OVER THE SAME AREAS. RADAR INDICATED     
  AMOUNTS OF 2 TO 3 INCHES OF RAIN HAD FALLEN ACROSS THE WARNED AREA 
  WITH ADDITIONAL RAINFALL EXPECTED AS ADDITIONAL THUNDERSTORMS MOVE 
  OVER THE AREA.

* RUNOFF FROM THIS EXCESSIVE RAINFALL WILL CAUSE FLASH FLOODING TO
  OCCUR. CREEKS...STREAMS AND LOW WATER CROSSINGS WILL BE ESPECIALLY
  SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE DANGERS OF FLASH FLOODING.

THIS WARNING INCLUDES BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO THE FOLLOWING LOW WATER
CROSSINGS...

HIGHWAY 13 AT PINE RUN NORTHWEST OF GALENA...
ROUTE Y AT FLAT CREEK JUST NORTHEAST OF CASSVILLE...
ROUTE C JUST SOUTH OF MCDOWELL.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FLASH FLOOD WARNING MEANS THAT FLOODING IS IMMINENT OR OCCURRING.
RESIDENTS LIVING ALONG STREAMS AND CREEKS SHOULD TAKE IMMEDIATE
PRECAUTIONS TO PROTECT LIFE AND PROPERTY. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CROSS
SWIFTLY FLOWING WATERS OR WATERS OF UNKNOWN DEPTH BY FOOT OR BY
AUTOMOBILE.

&&

LAT...LON 3730 9308 3682 9336 3650 9361 3650 9379
      3650 9407 3693 9391 3730 9349

$$

HATCH

2 follow-up statements

555 
WGUS73 KSGF 302245
FFSSGF

FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
545 PM CDT FRI APR 30 2010

MOC009-043-077-109-209-010300-
/O.CON.KSGF.FF.W.0015.000000T0000Z-100501T0300Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
LAWRENCE MO-GREENE MO-STONE MO-CHRISTIAN MO-BARRY MO-
545 PM CDT FRI APR 30 2010

...A FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1000 PM CDT FOR
BARRY...NORTHWESTERN STONE...SOUTHEASTERN LAWRENCE...SOUTHERN GREENE
AND WESTERN CHRISTIAN COUNTIES...

AT 538 PM CDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED 
THAT THUNDERSTORMS HAD ENDED ACROSS THE WARNED AREA. RADAR ESTIMATED 
RAINFALL AMOUNTS NEAR ONE TO LOCALLY TWO INCHES. ADDITIONAL SHOWERS 
WILL BE POSSIBLE INTO THIS EVENING. 

RUNOFF FROM THIS EXCESSIVE RAINFALL WILL CAUSE LOCALIZED FLASH 
FLOODING TO OCCUR. CREEKS...STREAMS AND LOW WATER CROSSINGS WILL BE 
ESPECIALLY SUSCEPTIBLE TO THE DANGERS OF FLASH FLOODING.

THIS WARNING INCLUDES BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO THE FOLLOWING LOW WATER
CROSSINGS...

ROUTE Y AT FLAT CREEK JUST NORTHEAST OF CASSVILLE...
ROUTE C JUST SOUTH OF MCDOWELL...
HIGHWAY 39 AT FLAT CREEK SOUTH OF JENKINS...

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

A FLASH FLOOD WARNING MEANS THAT FLOODING IS IMMINENT OR OCCURRING.
RESIDENTS LIVING ALONG STREAMS AND CREEKS SHOULD TAKE IMMEDIATE
PRECAUTIONS TO PROTECT LIFE AND PROPERTY. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CROSS
SWIFTLY FLOWING WATERS OR WATERS OF UNKNOWN DEPTH BY FOOT OR BY
AUTOMOBILE.

&&

LAT...LON 3730 9308 3682 9336 3650 9361 3650 9379
      3650 9407 3693 9391 3730 9349

$$

FOSTER

952 
WGUS73 KSGF 010251
FFSSGF

FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
951 PM CDT FRI APR 30 2010

MOC009-043-077-109-209-010301-
/O.EXP.KSGF.FF.W.0015.000000T0000Z-100501T0300Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
LAWRENCE MO-GREENE MO-STONE MO-CHRISTIAN MO-BARRY MO-
951 PM CDT FRI APR 30 2010

...THE FLASH FLOOD WARNING WILL EXPIRE AT 1000 PM CDT FOR BARRY...
NORTHWESTERN STONE...SOUTHEASTERN LAWRENCE...SOUTHERN GREENE AND
WESTERN CHRISTIAN COUNTIES...

EXCESS RUNOFF FROM HEAVY RAIN HAS ENDED OVER THE WARNED AREA. STREAMS
AND CREEKS IN THE WARNED AREA HAVE RECEDED OR WERE BEGINNING TO
RECEDE...ENDING THE FLOOD THREAT. IF FLOODING HAS BEEN OBSERVED...
PLEASE REPORT IT TO YOUR LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY.

LAT...LON 3730 9308 3682 9336 3650 9361 3650 9379
      3650 9407 3693 9391 3730 9349

$$

HATCH

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Springfield, MO wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Apr 30, 2:40 PM CDT, 1 hour 1 minute earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Apr 30, 2:40 PM CDT, 1 hour 1 minute before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
240 PM CDT FRI APR 30 2010

.DISCUSSION...

...OVERVIEW...
MAIN FOCUS WITH THIS FORECAST PACKAGE WILL BE WITH SEVERE WEATHER
POTENTIAL BOTH THIS AFTERNOON/EVENING AND ON SATURDAY.

...CURRENTLY...
12Z SOUNDING FROM SGF WAS PRETTY CAPPED HOWEVER CAP QUICKLY ERODED
DURING THE MORNING WITH NO CAP PRESENT AT 18Z SOUNDING WITH AROUND
2000 J/KG CAPE AVAIL. WIND FIELDS WERE FAIRLY UNIDIRECTIONAL WITH
A SLIGHT BACKING TOWARDS THE SURFACE...HOWEVER SPEED SHEAR WAS
PRETTY SIGNIFICANT YIELDING HODOGRAPHS WITH 300-400 M2/S2
HELICITIES. WITH CAP GONE...EARLIER WEAK CONVECTION HAS QUICKLY
INTENSIFIED OVER THE PAST 90 MINUTES AND CURRENTLY HAVE SEVERAL
DISCRETE CELLS EMBEDDED WITHIN A BAND OF WEAKER SHOWERS ON RADAR.
DEWPOINTS HAVE CREEPED BACK INTO THE MID 60S AHEAD OF THE BOUNDARY
WHICH WAS PUSHING ACROSS FAR WESTERN MISSOURI AS OF 19Z.

...FORECAST...
STORMS WILL LIKELY CONTINUE TO INTENSIFY AS IT PUSHES INTO MORE
UNSTABLE AIR. SURFACE BOUNDARY WILL SHIFT EAST ACROSS THE CWA THIS
EVENING WITH BAND OF CONVECTION ALSO SHIFTING EAST. ALL FORMS OF
SEVERE WEATHER WILL BE POSSIBLE...WITH THE MOST LIKELY AREAS FOR
SEVERE STORMS EXPECTED EAST OF HIGHWAY 65. MODERATE INSTABILITY
AND STRONG SHEAR WILL ALLOW FOR CONTINUED SUPERCELL DEVELOPMENT
INTO THE EVENING WHERE LARGE HAIL...DAMAGING WIND AND ISOLATED
TORNADOES WILL BE POSSIBLE. HEAVIEST RAINFALL WILL AFFECT AREAS IN
OUR EASTERN CWA WHERE A HALF INCH TO INCH OF RAIN WILL BE
POSSIBLE.

ANOTHER AREA OF LOW PRESSURE WILL DEVELOP AND LIFT NORTHEAST ALONG
THE SLOW TO MOVE SURFACE BOUNDARY ON SATURDAY. THIS AREA OF LOW
PRESSURE WILL SHIFT NORTHEAST INTO SOUTH CENTRAL MISSOURI BY LATE
IN THE DAY WHICH MAY LEAD TO ADDITIONAL SEVERE THUNDERSTORM
DEVELOPMENT ACROSS OUR SOUTHEASTERN COUNTIES. IN ADDITION...MORE
HEAVY RAIN WILL LIKELY DEVELOP THERE...CONTINUING INTO SATURDAY
NIGHT. WILL BE ISSUING A FLOOD WATCH FOR OUR SOUTHEAST COUNTIES
THROUGH SUNDAY FOR THE POTENTIAL OF 1 TO 2 INCHES OF RAINFALL OVER
THE NEXT COUPLE OF DAYS.

UPPER TROUGH AXIS WILL EVENTUALLY SHIFT EAST OF THE AREA MONDAY
NIGHT AND WILL END THE PRECIPITATION CHANCES ACROSS THE AREA.

WARMING TREND IS EXPECTED FOR THE MIDDLE TO LATER PART OF THE WORK
WEEK. HAVE KEPT THE EXTENDED FORECAST DRY FOR NOW AS MANY
INCONSISTENCIES REMAIN WITH RESPECT TO THE EXTENDED RANGE MODELS.

LINDENBERG

&&

.AVIATION...

FOR THE 18Z TAFS...BAND OF BROKEN CONVECTION JUST TO THE WEST OF
JLN SHOULD AFFECT JLN AT THE ONSET OF THE 18Z TAFS AND SPREAD EAST
OVER THE REMAINDER OF THE FORECAST AREA DURING THE AFTERNOON. WIND
GUSTS SHOULD DIMINISH SLIGHTLY DURING THE AFTERNOON BUT SHOULD
STILL REMAIN GUSTY UP TO 25 TO 30 KTS. HAVE DROPPED CEILINGS WITH
THE CONVECTION TO AROUND 2500 FEET AND VISIBILITIES TO 5 MILES.
CONVECTION SHOULD CLEAR FROM WEST TO EAST DURING THE EARLY TO MID EVENING.

LINDENBERG

&&

.SGF WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MO...FLOOD WATCH FROM 7 PM CDT THIS EVENING THROUGH SUNDAY EVENING
     FOR MOZ082-083-092-096>098-105-106.

KS...NONE.
&&

Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 30, 12:44 PM CDT, 2 hours 57 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
1244 PM CDT FRI APR 30 2010

KSZ073-097-101-MOZ055>058-066>071-077>083-088>098-101>106-011745-
BOURBON-CRAWFORD-CHEROKEE-BENTON-MORGAN-MILLER-MARIES-VERNON-
ST. CLAIR-HICKORY-CAMDEN-PULASKI-PHELPS-BARTON-CEDAR-POLK-DALLAS-
LACLEDE-TEXAS-DENT-JASPER-DADE-GREENE-WEBSTER-WRIGHT-NEWTON-
LAWRENCE-CHRISTIAN-DOUGLAS-HOWELL-SHANNON-MCDONALD-BARRY-STONE-
TANEY-OZARK-OREGON-
1244 PM CDT FRI APR 30 2010

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF THE MISSOURI
OZARKS AND EXTREME SOUTHEAST KANSAS.

.DAY ONE...THIS AFTERNOON AND TONIGHT.

THE HAZARDOUS WEATHER RISK LEVEL IS...ELEVATED.

WEATHER HAZARDS EXPECTED...

SIGNIFICANT HAIL RISK.
EXTREME THUNDERSTORM WIND RISK.
ELEVATED TORNADO RISK.
LIMITED FLOODING RISK.
LIMITED NON THUNDERSTORM WIND RISK.

DISCUSSION:

GUSTY NON THUNDERSTORM SURFACE WINDS WILL OCCUR TODAY AHEAD OF THE
STORM SYSTEM WITH WIND GUSTS OVER 30 MPH AT TIMES OVER MUCH OF THE
MISSOURI OZARKS.

STRONG TO SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP LATER THIS
AFTERNOON AND CONTINUE INTO THIS EVENING ACROSS THE MISSOURI
OZARKS. THE STRONGEST POTENTIAL OF SEVERE STORMS WILL BE LOCATED
EAST OF HIGHWAY 65 THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING. INSTABILITY WILL BE
ON THE INCREASE WITH A WEAKENING THERMAL CAP. STRONG WIND SHEAR IS
ALREADY IN PLACE. THIS COMBINATION ALONG WITH AN EASTWARD MOVING
FRONTAL BOUNDARY WILL ALLOW FOR THE POSSIBILITY OF DAMAGING
THUNDERSTORM WINDS IN EXCESS OF 70 MPH...LARGE HAIL TO THE SIZE OF
GOLF BALLS AND TORNADOES LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING.

HEAVY RAIN WILL ALSO ACCOMPANY THESE STORMS WHICH MAY LEAD TO A
RISK OF LOCALIZED FLOODING.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SATURDAY THROUGH THURSDAY.

A SECOND WAVE OF THUNDERSTORMS WILL EXIST ALONG WITH A POTENTIAL
OF SEVERE WEATHER LATE SATURDAY INTO SATURDAY NIGHT AS ANOTHER LOW
PRESSURE SYSTEM LIFTS NORTHEAST INTO THE AREA ALONG A FRONTAL
BOUNDARY.

THE PRIMARY RISKS ON SATURDAY ARE EXPECTED TO BE LARGE
HAIL...DAMAGING WINDS AND LOCALIZED FLOODING.
THE TORNADO RISK IS LIMITED.

THE HEAVIEST RAINFALL WILL CONTINUE TO AFFECT AREAS OF SOUTH
CENTRAL MISSOURI WHERE AN ELEVATED FLOODING RISK WILL PERSIST ON
SATURDAY AND SATURDAY NIGHT.

A FEW THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE POSSIBLE INTO EARLY NEXT WEEK...BUT
NO SEVERE STORMS ARE EXPECTED MONDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION WILL LIKELY BE NEEDED LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND
EVENING EAST OF THE HIGHWAY 65 CORRIDOR.

&&

THIS PRODUCT IS NOW AVAILABLE IN GRAPHICAL FORMAT...ALONG WITH
OTHER WEATHER...HYDROLOGICAL AND CLIMATE INFORMATION...AT
HTTP://WWW.CRH.NOAA.GOV/SGF(ALL LOWERCASE)

LINDENBERG

In the hours before

Local storm report, Apr 30, 2:58 PM CDT, 43 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
258 PM CDT FRI APR 30 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0248 PM     HAIL             EXETER                  36.67N 93.94W
04/30/2010  E1.75 INCH       BARRY              MO   BROADCAST MEDIA

&&

SRUNNELS

Local storm report, Apr 30, 3:03 PM CDT, 38 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
303 PM CDT FRI APR 30 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0300 PM     HAIL             2 S PURDY               36.79N 93.92W
04/30/2010  E1.00 INCH       BARRY              MO   AMATEUR RADIO

&&

HATCH

Local storm report, Apr 30, 3:08 PM CDT, 33 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
308 PM CDT FRI APR 30 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0305 PM     HAIL             1 S WALNUT GROVE        37.40N 93.55W
04/30/2010  E0.88 INCH       GREENE             MO   EMERGENCY MNGR

&&

HATCH

Local storm report, Apr 30, 3:30 PM CDT, 11 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SPRINGFIELD MO
330 PM CDT FRI APR 30 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0325 PM     HAIL             WHEELERVILLE            36.84N 93.63W
04/30/2010  E0.88 INCH       BARRY              MO   EMERGENCY MNGR

&&

JCOLUCCI

The office that day

Everything else NWS Springfield, MO issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Apr 30, 3:01 AM CDT	Wind Advisory	SGF	Barry, Barton, Benton, Cedar, Christian, Dade and 10 more	7 hr
Apr 30, 1:57 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Dade, Jasper, Lawrence, Newton	32 min
Apr 30, 2:16 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Barry, McDonald, Newton	44 min
Apr 30, 2:35 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Barry	39 min
Apr 30, 2:50 PM CDT	Flood Watch	SGF	Dent, Douglas, Howell, Oregon, Ozark, Shannon and 2 more	37 hr
Apr 30, 3:06 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Barry, Christian, Lawrence, Stone	54 min
Apr 30, 3:11 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Dallas, Polk	18 min
Apr 30, 3:20 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Barry, McDonald	40 min
Apr 30, 3:43 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Stone	36 min
Apr 30, 3:59 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Christian, Greene, Webster	46 min
Apr 30, 4:07 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Christian, Douglas, Taney, Webster	37 min
Apr 30, 4:36 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Ozark, Taney	54 min
Apr 30, 4:41 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Laclede, Wright	34 min
Apr 30, 5:08 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	SGF	Ozark, Taney	67 min
Apr 30, 5:10 PM CDT	Areal Flood Advisory	SGF	Laclede, Pulaski, Texas, Webster, Wright	5 hr
Apr 30, 6:08 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	SGF	Douglas, Howell, Ozark	52 min
Apr 30, 6:38 PM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	SGF	Dent, Douglas, Howell, Ozark, Phelps, Pulaski and 4 more	6 hr
Apr 30, 6:55 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	SGF	Howell, Shannon, Texas	50 min
Apr 30, 6:57 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SGF	Ozark	33 min

Nearby

Flash Flood Warnings in Missouri, 2010 Every flash flood warning in 2010

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.