Alert archive / Mississippi / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2010

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 103, NWS Jackson, MS

April 24, 2010Winston County, Mississippi

NWS Jackson, MS issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Apr 24, 2010, 3:23 PM CDT for Winston County, Mississippi. It was in force for 52 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued: Apr 24, 2010, 3:23 PM CDT (20:23 UTC)
Expired: Apr 24, 2010, 4:15 PM CDT
In force: 52 min
Issued by: NWS Jackson, MS
Area: Storm-based polygon

County Winston County, MS

The radar

The Columbus AFB radar (KGWX), 111 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:23 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Apr 24, 11:31 AM CDT	Tornado Watch PDS	SPC	8 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Jackson, MS (KJAN), launched 12:00Z, 8.4 hours before the alert went out and 130 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 1759 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -58 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 838 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 61 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 175 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 208 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 2.0
Supercell composite: 8.9

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Jackson, MS wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Apr 24, 1:21 PM CDT, 2 hours 2 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Apr 24, 1:21 PM CDT, 2 hours 2 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION...UPDATED
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
121 PM CDT SAT APR 24 2010

..SUPERCELL SATURDAY WITH TORNADOES SHIFTING EAST THIS AFTERNOON...

.UPDATE...DRY LINE ADVANCING ACROSS WRN MS AND RISK FOR ADDITIONAL
SUPERCELLS SHIFTING EAST OF THE INTERSTATE 55 CORRIDOR AT THIS TIME.
A LONG TRACKER DAMAGING CELL MOVING INTO ATTALA COUNTY HEADING ENE
WHILE RISK ENDING ALONG A GRENADA TO VICKSBURG TO NATCHEZ LINE WWD.
RISK FOR MORE SEVERE SUPERCELLS WILL CONTINUE THROUGH MID AFTERNOON
IN ERN MS AND HAVE REVAMPED ALL HAZARDS TO PUSH HIGHER RISKS EWD FOR
THE NEXT SEVERAL HOURS. WILL BE UPDATING PRODUCTS ABOUT EVERY HOUR OR
SO TO CLEAR OUT COUNTIES WEST OF THE MAIN LINE AS DRIER AIR SPILLING
MORE RAPIDLY INTO THE REGION ALONG THE MS RIVER. HOPE TO HAVE THE WW
ENDED BY AROUND 6 PM IF CURRENT TRENDS CONTINUE TO HOLD UP./40/

&&

.AVIATION...
MVFR CIGS BCMG MOSTLY VFR FROM W TO E...XCPT INVOF THUNDERSTORMS
WHERE MVFR/OCCNSL IFR CONDS PSBL. SCATTERED SEVERE TS COVERAGE XPCTD
TO CONTINUE IN ERN MS OF THE DAY WITH A GRADUAL CLEARING XPCTD FROM W
TO E THIS AFTN AS A COLD FRONT SWEEPS ACROSS THE REGION. S WINDS WILL
BE GUSTY THRU THE DAY AS THE PRES GRAD REMAINS TIGHT. WINDS WILL
SHIFT TO THE SW-W AFTER FRONTAL PASSAGE...WITH A CONTINUATION OF
GUSTY WINDS XPCTD. /BK/

&&

PREV DISCUSSION...

LONG TERM...SUNDAY THROUGH NEXT SATURDAY...ALTHOUGH THE LARGE
NEARLY STACKED LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM WILL BE MOVING OVER THE OHIO
VALLEY SUNDAY...THE TRAILING COLD FRONT WILL NOT MAKE IT INTO OUR
CWA UNTIL MONDAY. NORTHWEST FLOW ALOFT WILL CONTINUE UNTIL THURSDAY
AND BRING NO LESS THAN THREE SIGNIFICANT SHORTWAVES ACROSS OUR CWA
BEFORE THURSDAY AS WELL. SUNDAY WILL BE WARM AND DRY WITH AFTERNOON
HIGHS NEAR NORMAL. THE FIRST IN THE SERIES OF SHORTWAVES IS EXPECTED
SUNDAY NIGHT THAT WILL HELP DROP THE WEAK COLD FRONT INTO OUR CWA
MONDAY. THE GFS WAS THE ONLY MODEL THAT PLACED LIGHT QPF OVER OUR
NORTHEAST ZONES SUNDAY NIGHT. DEEP MOISTURE SHOULD REMAIN LIMITED
AND WL CUT POPS THEN. A DRY FRONTAL PASSAGE IS EXPECTED MONDAY AND
THE SLIGHTLY COOLER NORTHWEST FLOW BEHIND THE COLD FRONT WILL HOLD
TEMPERATURES SEVERAL DEGREES COOLER MONDAY AFTERNOON. A SECOND
SHORTWAVE IS EXPECTED TO DROP OVER OUR AREA MONDAY NIGHT INTO
TUESDAY AND HELP SUPPORT A REINFORCING COLD FRONT. THE 00Z
GFS...SREF AND ECMWF SQUEEZE OUT A LITTLE MORE PRECIPITATION WITH
THIS FRONT. WL CARRY SLIGHT CHANCE POPS NORTH MONDAY NIGHT AND SHIFT
THE POPS TO THE SOUTH TUESDAY WITH THE FRONT. YET A THIRD SHORTWAVE
IS PROGGED TO PASS OVER OUR CWA TUESDAY NIGHT BUT SURFACE HIGH
PRESSURE WILL BE WORKING INTO OUR REGION AND THE SHORTWAVE WILL HAVE
LITTLE MOISTURE TO WORK WITH. WL AGAIN CUT THE GFS GUIDANCE POPS
TUESDAY NIGHT. HIGH PRESSURE SURFACE AND ALOFT IS EXPECTED TO MOVE
OVER OUR CWA WEDNESDAY. THE SURFACE HIGH WILL SHIFT EAST OF OUR CWA
THURSDAY WHILE THE UPPER LEVEL RIDGE AXIS WILL BE SLOWER TO SHIFT
EAST. DRY WEATHER AND A WARMING TREND WILL BE THE RESULT WEDNESDAY
INTO FRIDAY. BOTH THE GFS AND ECMWF SHOW ANOTHER LARGE CLOSED LOW
NEARING THE FOUR CORNERS REGION FRIDAY MORNING. THE ECMWF BRINGS
RAIN BACK INTO OUR CWA FASTER THAN THE GFS FRIDAY BUT IS MUCH SLOWER
WITH THE EASTWARD PROGRESSION OF THE LOW THROUGH THE WEEKEND. THE
GFS IS SHOWING SIGNS OF ANOTHER POSSIBLE ROUND OF SEVERE WEATHER FOR
OUR AREA FRIDAY NIGHT INTO SATURDAY BUT WITH SUCH TIMING DIFFERENCES
WL HOLD OFF ANY MENTION IN THE HWO FOR NOW. /22/

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
JACKSON       81  56  79  55 /  78  14   7  10
MERIDIAN      81  57  82  55 / 100  32   7  11
VICKSBURG     79  56  79  54 /  45  10   7  10
HATTIESBURG   81  58  84  56 /  84  23   7   8
NATCHEZ       80  56  79  55 /  42   6   7   8
GREENVILLE    75  59  78  54 /  44  13   8  13
GREENWOOD     76  57  78  54 /  70  15   9  13

&&

.JAN WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
MS...FLASH FLOOD WATCH UNTIL 7 PM CDT THIS EVENING FOR MSZ025>033-
     036>039-042.

     WIND ADVISORY UNTIL 5 PM CDT THIS AFTERNOON FOR MSZ025>033-
     036>039-042>046-048>052.

LA...NONE.
AR...NONE.
&&

Hazardous weather outlook, Apr 24, 3:13 PM CDT, 10 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
313 PM CDT SAT APR 24 2010

ARZ074-075-LAZ007>009-015-016-023>026-MSZ018-019-025>030-032-
034>037-040>044-047>050-053>055-059>063-252015-
ASHLEY-CHICOT-MOREHOUSE-WEST CARROLL-EAST CARROLL-RICHLAND-
MADISON LA-FRANKLIN LA-CATAHOULA-TENSAS-CONCORDIA-BOLIVAR-
SUNFLOWER-LEFLORE-GRENADA-CARROLL-MONTGOMERY-WEBSTER-CLAY-CHOCTAW-
WASHINGTON-HUMPHREYS-HOLMES-ATTALA-ISSAQUENA-SHARKEY-YAZOO-
MADISON MS-LEAKE-WARREN-HINDS-RANKIN-SCOTT-CLAIBORNE-COPIAH-
SIMPSON-JEFFERSON-ADAMS-FRANKLIN MS-LINCOLN-LAWRENCE-
313 PM CDT SAT APR 24 2010

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTHEAST ARKANSAS...NORTHEAST
LOUISIANA AND MOST OF CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND SUNDAY

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED FOR THE PERIOD.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY

THE RISK OF WIDESPREAD HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS LOW.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER
OPERATIONS...IS NOT EXPECTED FOR THE PERIOD.

MSZ031-033-038-039-045-046-051-052-056>058-064>066-072>074-252015-
LOWNDES-OKTIBBEHA-WINSTON-NOXUBEE-NESHOBA-KEMPER-NEWTON-
LAUDERDALE-SMITH-JASPER-CLARKE-JEFFERSON DAVIS-COVINGTON-JONES-
MARION-LAMAR-FORREST-
313 PM CDT SAT APR 24 2010

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR EASTERN MISSISSIPPI.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT AND SUNDAY

NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED FOR THE PERIOD.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY NIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY

A SIGNIFICANT AND DANGEROUS OUTBREAK OF SEVERE STORMS IS EXPECTED
ACROSS THE EASTERN PORTION OF THE FORECAST AREA UNTIL SUNSET.
THIS AREA WILL PRIMARILY COVER AN AREA ALONG AND EAST OF A LINE
FROM COLUMBUS TO RALEIGH TO COLUMBIA. THERE EXISTS A HIGH RISK OF
TORNADOES...SOME STRONG AND LONG TRACKED...ALONG WITH THE POTENTIAL
FOR ANY STORM TO PRODUCE GOLF BALL TO BASEBALL SIZED HAIL AND
DAMAGING WIND GUSTS...SOME EXCEEDING 75 MPH.

SCATTERED SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORMS...ALONG WITH SOME BOWING LINE
SEGMENTS...ARE EXPECTED TO CONTINUE UNTIL SUNSET. ALL STORMS SHOULD
MOVE OUT OF EASTERN MISSISSIPPI BY 8 PM OR SO.

.SPOTTER CALL TO ACTION STATEMENT...
THE ACTIVATION OF STORM SPOTTERS...HAM RADIO OPERATORS...AND
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL IN SUPPORT OF SEVERE WEATHER
OPERATIONS...MAY BE NEEDED THROUGH EARLY THIS EVENING FOR EASTERN
MISSISSIPPI.

FOR MORE INFORMATION PLEASE VISIT OUR WEBSITE AT
WWW.SRH.NOAA.GOV/JAN. THIS INCLUDES THE GRAPHICAL HAZARDOUS
WEATHER OUTLOOK.

17

In the hours before

Special weather statement, Apr 24, 2:05 PM CDT, 1 hour 18 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
205 PM CDT SAT APR 24 2010

MSZ036-037-241950-
HOLMES MS-ATTALA MS-
205 PM CDT SAT APR 24 2010

A STRONG THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING PEA TO DIME SIZE HAIL AND
40 TO 50 MPH WINDS WAS LOCATED 4 MILES WEST OF MCADAMS AT 205 PM
CDT...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 50 MPH.

DANGEROUS CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING IS ALSO POSSIBLE WITH THIS STORM.

PEOPLE IN ATTALA COUNTY SHOULD MONITOR THIS STORM CLOSELY.

BK

Local storm report, Apr 24, 2:27 PM CDT, 56 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
227 PM CDT SAT APR 24 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0206 PM     TORNADO          5 N STARKVILLE          33.53N 88.82W
04/24/2010                   OKTIBBEHA          MS   EMERGENCY MNGR

            TRAILER HOME OVERTURNED...POWERLINES DOWN...TREES DOWN
            ACROSS HWY 389 AND HWY 50

&&

Local storm report, Apr 24, 2:33 PM CDT, 50 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
233 PM CDT SAT APR 24 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0130 PM     TORNADO          2 N FRENCH CAMP         33.32N 89.40W
04/24/2010                   CHOCTAW            MS   EMERGENCY MNGR

            EMERGENCY MANAGER REPORTS EXTENSIVE DAMAGE IN THE COUNTY

&&

Local storm report, Apr 24, 2:41 PM CDT, 42 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
241 PM CDT SAT APR 24 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1230 PM     TORNADO          EBENEZER                32.97N 90.09W
04/24/2010                   HOLMES             MS   EMERGENCY MNGR

            NUMEROUS HOMES SUSTAINED STRUCTURAL DAMAGE. WIDESPREAD
            TREE DAMAGE.

&&

Local storm report, Apr 24, 3:03 PM CDT, 20 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
303 PM CDT SAT APR 24 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0206 PM     TORNADO          4 N STARKVILLE          33.51N 88.82W
04/24/2010                   OKTIBBEHA          MS   EMERGENCY MNGR

            ONE HOUSE DESTROYED AND SEVERAL ROOFS BLOWN OFF HOMES.
            NUMEROUS TREES AND POWER LINES DOWN.

&&

Local storm report, Apr 24, 3:20 PM CDT, 3 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
320 PM CDT SAT APR 24 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0319 PM     HAIL             N STARKVILLE            33.46N 88.82W
04/24/2010  M1.25 INCH       OKTIBBEHA          MS   TRAINED SPOTTER

            REPORTED BY MSU METEOROLOGY

&&

The office that day

Everything else NWS Jackson, MS issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Apr 23, 7:07 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Kemper, Neshoba, Noxubee, Winston	38 min
Apr 24, 1:28 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Clay	17 min
Apr 24, 3:20 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Lowndes	13 min
Apr 24, 3:31 AM CDT	Wind Advisory	JAN	Attala, Bolivar, Carroll, Choctaw, Clay, Grenada and 24 more	13 hr
Apr 24, 3:37 AM CDT	Flash Flood Watch	JAN	Attala, Bolivar, Carroll, Choctaw, Clay, Grenada and 14 more	12 hr
Apr 24, 5:57 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Marion	33 min
Apr 24, 6:16 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Covington, Forrest, Jefferson Davis, Lamar	44 min
Apr 24, 6:51 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Bolivar, Sunflower	39 min
Apr 24, 6:59 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Covington, Jones	33 min
Apr 24, 7:13 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Copiah, Franklin, Lawrence, Lincoln	47 min
Apr 24, 7:42 AM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Bolivar	63 min
Apr 24, 7:56 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Copiah, Jefferson Davis, Lawrence, Rankin, Simpson, Smith	64 min
Apr 24, 8:07 AM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Covington, Jefferson Davis, Lawrence, Simpson, Smith	68 min
Apr 24, 8:59 AM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Clarke, Jasper, Lauderdale, Newton, Scott, Smith	61 min
Apr 24, 9:06 AM CDT	River Flood Warning	JAN	Attala, Holmes	15 days
Apr 24, 9:38 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Covington, Forrest, Jefferson Davis, Jones, Lamar, Marion	52 min
Apr 24, 9:47 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Forrest, Lamar	58 min
Apr 24, 9:49 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Clarke, Lauderdale	41 min
Apr 24, 9:55 AM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Lauderdale	35 min
Apr 24, 10:08 AM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Jones	23 min
Apr 24, 10:12 AM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Forrest	28 min
Apr 24, 10:22 AM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	JAN	Jones	113 min
Apr 24, 10:48 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Issaquena	42 min
Apr 24, 10:57 AM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Issaquena, Sharkey, Warren	48 min
Apr 24, 10:59 AM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Clarke	46 min
Apr 24, 11:34 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Humphreys, Sharkey, Sunflower, Washington	56 min
Apr 24, 11:36 AM CDT	Tornado Warning Emergency	JAN	Issaquena, Sharkey, Warren, Yazoo	54 min
Apr 24, 12:03 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Choctaw, Clay, Oktibbeha, Webster	42 min
Apr 24, 12:11 PM CDT	Tornado Warning Emergency	JAN	Attala, Holmes, Madison, Yazoo	64 min
Apr 24, 12:45 PM CDT	Tornado Warning Emergency	JAN	Attala, Carroll, Choctaw, Holmes, Montgomery	60 min
Apr 24, 1:24 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Choctaw, Clay, Oktibbeha, Webster, Winston	55 min
Apr 24, 2:00 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Clay, Lowndes, Oktibbeha	60 min
Apr 24, 2:25 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Attala, Choctaw, Winston	50 min
Apr 24, 2:33 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Attala, Choctaw, Winston	36 min
Apr 24, 2:36 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Clay, Oktibbeha	24 min
Apr 24, 2:55 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Choctaw, Noxubee, Oktibbeha, Winston	37 min
Apr 24, 2:58 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Attala, Leake, Neshoba, Winston	62 min
Apr 24, 3:07 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Attala, Leake, Neshoba, Winston	68 min
Apr 24, 3:26 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Clay, Lowndes, Oktibbeha	49 min
Apr 24, 3:39 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Lowndes, Oktibbeha	51 min
Apr 24, 3:50 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Noxubee	55 min
Apr 24, 3:56 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Leake, Neshoba, Noxubee	34 min
Apr 24, 4:07 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Kemper, Neshoba, Winston	38 min
Apr 24, 4:16 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Lowndes	35 min
Apr 24, 4:29 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Kemper, Noxubee, Winston	61 min
Apr 24, 5:07 PM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Kemper, Noxubee, Winston	39 min
Apr 24, 5:36 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Morehouse	39 min
Apr 24, 9:41 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Morehouse	34 min
Apr 24, 10:09 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Franklin, Madison, Richland, Tensas	51 min
Apr 24, 10:19 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Morehouse, Richland, West Carroll	56 min
Apr 24, 6:12 AM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	JAN	Ashley, Chicot	63 min
Apr 24, 7:06 AM CDT	Tornado Warning	JAN	Ashley	54 min
Apr 24, 8:38 AM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	JAN	Chicot	3 hr

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Mississippi, 2010 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2010

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.