Alert archive / Colorado / Tornado Warnings in 2010

Tornado Warning 67, NWS Goodland, KS

June 21, 2010Yuma County, Colorado

NWS Goodland, KS issued this tornado warning at Jun 21, 2010, 7:02 PM MDT for Yuma County, Colorado. It was in force for 58 min. 5 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Jun 21, 2010, 7:02 PM MDT (01:02 UTC)
Expired: Jun 21, 2010, 8:00 PM MDT
In force: 58 min
Issued by: NWS Goodland, KS
Area: Storm-based polygon

County Yuma County, CO

The radar

The Goodland radar (KGLD), 73 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 01:03 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Jun 21, 7:10 PM MDT	TSTM WND GST 75	7 Se Heartstrong, CO	TREES AND POWER LINES DOWN 3 MILES WEST OF HIGHWAY 20 AND COUNTY ROAD U
Jun 21, 7:15 PM MDT	TORNADO	3 S Vernon, CO	TORNADO DESTROYED BARN. WAS CURRENTLY ON GROUND AT TIME OF CALL.
Jun 21, 7:30 PM MDT	TSTM WND DMG	7 Ssw Vernon, CO	POWER LINE BENT PARTIALLY OVER THE OAD 0.1 MILE NORTH OF INTERSECTION OF RD Z AND RD 19.
Jun 21, 7:39 PM MDT	TSTM WND DMG	7 Nnw Idalia, CO	FROM MY CURRENT LOCATION RANGING AS FAR AS 1.5 MILES NOW TO THE NORTH POWER LINES ARE DOWN, WITH THE POLES EITHER SNAPPED IN HALF OR BROKEN OFF AT THE BOTTOM, SOME MAY FALLACROSS THE ROAD AT ANY TIME, SAFETY ISSUE / DAMAGE REPORT. RELAYED FROM SPOTTERNETWORK.O
Jun 21, 8:10 PM MDT	HAIL 2.75	3 N Idalia, CO

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 2 storm reports to this tornado warning; the first came 13 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Jun 21, 5:56 PM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	4 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Denver, CO (KDNR), launched 00:00Z, 1.0 hours before the alert went out and 76 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 218 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -321 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 3039 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 69 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 41 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 234 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.1

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

783 
WFUS53 KGLD 220102
TORGLD
COC125-220200-
/O.NEW.KGLD.TO.W.0067.100622T0102Z-100622T0200Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
702 PM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN GOODLAND HAS ISSUED A

* TORNADO WARNING FOR...
  SOUTHERN YUMA COUNTY IN NORTHEAST COLORADO...

* UNTIL 800 PM MDT

* AT 658 PM MDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A TORNADO. THIS DANGEROUS
  STORM WAS LOCATED 7 MILES SOUTHEAST OF HEARTSTRONG...AND MOVING
  EAST AT 15 MPH.

* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  IDALIA...HALE AND BONNY RESERVOIR.

THIS INCLUDES HIGHWAY 36 BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 199 AND 224.

THIS INCLUDES HIGHWAY 385 BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 208 AND 230.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW. MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
STURDY BUILDING. AVOID WINDOWS. IF IN A MOBILE HOME...A VEHICLE OR
OUTDOORS...MOVE TO THE CLOSEST SUBSTANTIAL SHELTER AND PROTECT
YOURSELF FROM FLYING DEBRIS.

TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER...CONTACT YOUR NEAREST LAW ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY. THEY WILL RELAY YOUR REPORT TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE
IN GOODLAND.

&&

LAT...LON 3998 10256 3985 10205 3957 10205 3957 10222
      3974 10268
TIME...MOT...LOC 0102Z 292DEG 14KT 3985 10250

$$

BULLER

2 follow-up statements

969 
WWUS53 KGLD 220114
SVSGLD

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
714 PM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

COC125-220200-
/O.CON.KGLD.TO.W.0067.000000T0000Z-100622T0200Z/
YUMA CO-
714 PM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR SOUTHERN YUMA COUNTY UNTIL
800 PM MDT...

AT 707 PM MDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A TORNADO.  THIS DANGEROUS
STORM WAS LOCATED 9 MILES SOUTHEAST OF HEARTSTRONG...AND WAS MOVING
EAST AT 15 MPH.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  IDALIA...HALE AND BONNY RESERVOIR.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

IN ADVANCE OF THE TORNADO THREAT...THIS STORM WILL PRODUCE VERY 
LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING THUNDERSTORMS WINDS NEAR 100 MPH. A STORM 
CHASE HAS ALREADY REPORTED 75 MPH WINDS WITH THIS STORM. 

MOTORISTS SHOULD NOT TAKE SHELTER UNDER HIGHWAY OVERPASSES. AS A LAST
RESORT... EITHER PARK YOUR VEHICLE AND STAY PUT...OR ABANDON YOUR
VEHICLE AND LIE DOWN IN A LOW LYING AREA.

TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER...CONTACT YOUR NEAREST LAW ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY. THEY WILL RELAY YOUR REPORT TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE
IN GOODLAND.

&&

LAT...LON 3998 10256 3985 10205 3957 10205 3957 10222
      3974 10268
TIME...MOT...LOC 0112Z 292DEG 14KT 3984 10245

$$

BULLER

433 
WWUS53 KGLD 220121
SVSGLD

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
721 PM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

COC125-220200-
/O.CON.KGLD.TO.W.0067.000000T0000Z-100622T0200Z/
YUMA CO-
721 PM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR SOUTHERN YUMA COUNTY UNTIL
800 PM MDT...

AT 717 PM MDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A TORNADO.  THIS DANGEROUS
STORM WAS LOCATED 9 MILES SOUTHWEST OF VERNON...AND WAS MOVING EAST
AT 15 MPH.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  IDALIA...HALE AND BONNY RESERVOIR.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

AT 715 PM MDT...THE PUBLIC THREE AND A HALF MILES SOUTH OF VERNON 
REPORTED THAT A TORNADO DESTROYED A BARN.

MOTORISTS SHOULD NOT TAKE SHELTER UNDER HIGHWAY OVERPASSES. AS A LAST
RESORT... EITHER PARK YOUR VEHICLE AND STAY PUT...OR ABANDON YOUR
VEHICLE AND LIE DOWN IN A LOW LYING AREA.

TO REPORT SEVERE WEATHER...CONTACT YOUR NEAREST LAW ENFORCEMENT
AGENCY. THEY WILL RELAY YOUR REPORT TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE
IN GOODLAND.

&&

LAT...LON 3998 10256 3985 10205 3957 10205 3957 10222
      3974 10268
TIME...MOT...LOC 0120Z 292DEG 14KT 3982 10242

$$

BULLER

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Goodland, KS wrote its last area forecast discussion before this tornado warning went out at Jun 21, 5:15 PM MDT, 1 hour 47 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jun 21, 5:15 PM MDT, 1 hour 47 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
515 PM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

.SHORT TERM... (TONIGHT - THURSDAY)
220 PM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

VISIBLE SATELLITE IMAGERY EARLY THIS AFTERNOON SHOWS CU BUILD UP
OCCURRING IN THE EASTERN PORTION OF THE FORECAST AREA...WELL NORTH
OF THE ANALYZED FRONTAL POSITION ACROSS WEST CENTRAL KANSAS. MODELS
INCONCLUSIVE ON WHETHER OR NOT CONVECTION WILL DEVELOP IN THIS
AREA...MOST NOTABLY THE 18Z NAM WHICH HAS BACKED OFF COMPLETELY.
NONETHELESS...WILL CARRY SOME CHANCE POPS GIVEN THE FEATURES
MENTIONED. CONFIDENCE IS HIGHER THAT CONVECTION WILL DEVELOP IN
NORTHEAST COLORADO WHERE WEAK LOW LEVEL UPSLOPE...STEEP LAPSE RATES
AND AMPLE DEEP LAYER SHEAR WILL RESULT IN VIGOROUS UPDRAFTS. THIS
ACTIVITY MAY CONGEAL INTO AN MCS AND MOVE ACROSS THE NORTHERN
COUNTIES TONIGHT WITH A RISK OF HIGH WIND AND HAIL.

FRONT IS FORECAST TO LIFT NORTH AS A WARM FRONT ON TUESDAY...AND END
UP NEAR THE NEBRASKA STATE LINE. TEMPERATURES SOUTH OF THE FRONT
WILL APPROACH TRIPLE DIGITS...PARTICULARLY NEAR/SOUTH OF INTERSTATE
70 WHERE WESTERLY/DOWNSLOPE COMPONENT TO THE SURFACE WINDS WILL
CONTRIBUTE COMPRESSIONAL WARMING. EXPECT CONVECTION TO BE LIMITED TO
AREAS ALONG/NORTH OF THE FRONT IN THE NORTHERN CWA...AND NEAR THE
DRY LINE IN THE EASTERN CWA....LEAVING A FAIRLY LARGE PORTION OF IT
DRY.

RELATIVELY COOLER AIR WILL FILTER IN BEHIND THE FRONT TUESDAY NIGHT
AND WEDNESDAY. MOISTURE/INSTABILITY WILL BE PUSHED SOUTH DURING THE
DAY...BUT MOISTURE RETURN GETS UNDER WAY BY LATE AFTERNOON IN THE
SOUTHERN PLAINS AND CONVECTION EXPECTED TO DEVELOP IN SOUTHEAST
COLORADO WILL TRY TO DRIFT NORTHWARD WEDNESDAY NIGHT. CONFIDENCE IS
RATHER LOW SO FELT IT ONLY WARRANTED 20 POPS AT THIS POINT.

STRONG LOW LEVEL MOISTURE RETURN IS FORECAST ON THURSDAY WITH
SOUTHEASTERLY SURFACE WINDS. UPSLOPE FLOW INTO THE FRONT RANGE
COMBINED WITH WEAK SHORTWAVE TROUGH CLIMBING THE RIDGE AXIS WILL
RESULT IN SCATTERED CONVECTION IN EASTERN COLORADO BY THE AFTERNOON.
MEAN 0-6KM WINDS FORECAST TO BE 250/10-15KTS...SO SOME OF THESE MAY
SURVIVE INTO THE FORECAST AREA THURSDAY NIGHT WHERE THEY WILL
ENCOUNTER A 40KT SOUTHERLY LLJ AND COULD BE MAINTAINED WELL INTO THE
OVERNIGHT HOURS.

.LONG TERM... (FRIDAY - MONDAY)
220 PM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

UPPER RIDGE OVER THE SOUTHERN PLAINS TO START THE PERIOD WILL
RETREAT EASTWARD AS A DISTURBANCE DROPS INTO THE GREAT BASIN. IT
LIFTS RATHER QUICKLY ACROSS THE NORTHERN ROCKIES AND ADJACENT PLAINS
EARLY IN THE WEEKEND AS AN OPEN WAVE. HOWEVER...IT WILL OPEN THE
DOOR FOR OCCASIONAL SHORTWAVE TROUGH ENERGY TO MOVE ACROSS THE
CENTRAL ROCKIES AND FORECAST AREA. SURFACE LOW PRESSURE AND
ACCOMPANYING FRONTAL FEATURES WILL BE IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD ON FRIDAY
AND SATURDAY AND BE POSSIBLE INITIATING MECHANISMS FOR CONVECTION.
THOSE FEATURES MOVE SOUTH BY LATE IN THE PERIOD...BUT WITH LOW LEVEL
UPSLOPE DEVELOPING IN ITS WAKE CONVECTION WILL BE A DAILY CONCERN.
TEMPERATURES WILL START OUT ABOVE NORMAL...THEN GRADUALLY DIMINISH
TO NEAR NORMAL LATE IN THE PERIOD.

024
&&

.AVIATION...
515 PM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

FOR THE 00Z TAFS...VFR CONDITIONS EXPECTED TO PERSIST THROUGH THE
TAF PERIOD. THUNDERSTORM ACTIVITY OVER EASTERN COLORADO WILL
CONTINUE TO DRIFT EAST...WITH ADDITIONAL THUNDERSTORM DEVELOPMENT
EXPECTED AFTER 02Z. FOR NOW ACTIVITY AROUND GLD LOOKS ISOLATED...SO
KEPT VCTS IN GLD TAF FOR NOW. MORE WIDESPREAD CONVECTION EXPECTED
AROUND MCK DURING THE LATE EVENING HOURS...SO KEPT TSRA IN AFTER
03Z. CURRENTLY EXPECT STORMS TO DISSIPATE AT BOTH TERMINALS AFTER
05-06Z...HOWEVER WITH LATEST RUC INDICATING LLJ SUPPORT OVER
SOUTHERN NEBRASKA POSSIBLY CONTINUING INTO THE OVERNIGHT PERIOD CANT
RULE OUT LINGERING TSRA AFTER 06Z AT MCK...POSSIBLY REQUIRING A TAF
AMENDMENT LATER IF THIS SOLUTION PANS OUT. ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS
EXPECTED TO DEVELOP AGAIN LATE AFTERNOON/EARLY EVENING TUESDAY...SO
INTRODUCED CB TO LATE PERIOD OF THIS TAF CYCLE.

DR
&&

.GLD WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
KS...NONE.
NE...NONE.
CO...NONE.
&&

Hazardous weather outlook, Jun 21, 10:44 AM MDT, 8 hours 18 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
1044 AM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

COZ090>092-KSZ001>004-013>016-027>029-041-042-NEZ079>081-221645-
YUMA-KIT CARSON-CHEYENNE CO-CHEYENNE KS-RAWLINS-DECATUR-NORTON-
SHERMAN-THOMAS-SHERIDAN-GRAHAM-WALLACE-LOGAN-GOVE-GREELEY-WICHITA-
DUNDY-HITCHCOCK-RED WILLOW-
1044 AM MDT MON JUN 21 2010 /1144 AM CDT MON JUN 21 2010/

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR EXTREME SOUTHWEST
NEBRASKA...NORTHWEST KANSAS AND EAST CENTRAL COLORADO.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT

THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THIS AFTERNOON AND
TONIGHT MAINLY ALONG AND NORTH OF A STATIONARY FRONT EXTENDING
FROM NORTHERN MISSOURI ACROSS KANSAS AND INTO SOUTHEAST COLORADO.
THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP OVER THE HIGHER TERRAIN OF
COLORADO AND MOVE NORTHEAST ACROSS THE REGION. STORMS WILL
INTENSIFY AS THEY MOVE EAST AND ENCOUNTER HIGHER MOISTURE AND A
MORE UNSTABLE ATMOSPHERE ACROSS THE CENTRAL HIGH PLAINS. LARGE
HAIL...DAMAGING WINDS...AND ISOLATED TORNADOES ARE ALL POSSIBLE
WITH THE STRONGER STORMS.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY

MORE SEVERE WEATHER WILL BE POSSIBLE ACROSS THE REGION ON TUESDAY
WITH LITTLE OVERALL CHANGE IN THE WEATHER PATTERN. THE SEVERE
THREAT WILL DIMINISH BY WEDNESDAY WITH ADDITIONAL THUNDERSTORMS
POSSIBLE EACH DAY THROUGH THE END OF THE WEEK AND INTO THE
WEEKEND.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE REQUIRED.

In the hours before

Local storm report, Jun 21, 6:31 PM MDT, 31 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
631 PM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0628 PM     HAIL             YUMA                    40.12N 102.72W
06/21/2010  E1.50 INCH       YUMA               CO   EMERGENCY MNGR

            WALNUT HAIL

0629 PM     HAIL             YUMA                    40.12N 102.72W
06/21/2010  M2.75 INCH       YUMA               CO   EMERGENCY MNGR

&&

HENDERSON

Local storm report, Jun 21, 6:40 PM MDT, 22 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
640 PM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0630 PM     HAIL             YUMA                    40.12N 102.72W
06/21/2010  E1.75 INCH       YUMA               CO   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

DR

Local storm report, Jun 21, 6:45 PM MDT, 17 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
645 PM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0642 PM     HAIL             4 S TRIBUNE             38.41N 101.75W
06/21/2010  E1.00 INCH       GREELEY            KS   TRAINED SPOTTER

            DIMES TO QUARTERS

&&

HENDERSON

Local storm report, Jun 21, 6:48 PM MDT, 14 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
648 PM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0645 PM     HAIL             YUMA                    40.12N 102.72W
06/21/2010  E2.75 INCH       YUMA               CO   TRAINED SPOTTER

            BROKEN WINDOW ON TRUCK.

&&

DR

Local storm report, Jun 21, 6:54 PM MDT, 8 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
654 PM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0648 PM     HAIL             3 E YUMA                40.12N 102.67W
06/21/2010  M2.75 INCH       YUMA               CO   STORM CHASER

&&

JMARTIN

Local storm report, Jun 21, 7:01 PM MDT, 1 minute before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE GOODLAND KS
701 PM MDT MON JUN 21 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0659 PM     HAIL             ECKLEY                  40.11N 102.49W
06/21/2010  E1.00 INCH       YUMA               CO   TRAINED SPOTTER

&&

HENDERSON

The office that day

Everything else NWS Goodland, KS issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Jun 21, 6:07 PM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GLD	Yuma	53 min
Jun 21, 6:37 PM MDT	Tornado Warning	GLD	Yuma	53 min
Jun 21, 6:50 PM MDT	Tornado Warning	GLD	Yuma	55 min
Jun 21, 7:23 PM MDT	Tornado Warning	GLD	Yuma	67 min
Jun 21, 7:31 PM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GLD	Yuma	28 min
Jun 21, 7:42 PM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GLD	Yuma	47 min
Jun 21, 8:08 PM MDT	Tornado Warning	GLD	Kit Carson, Yuma	32 min
Jun 21, 8:28 PM MDT	Tornado Warning	GLD	Yuma	62 min
Jun 21, 8:52 PM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	GLD	Kit Carson	53 min

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in Colorado, 2010 Every tornado warning in 2010 Tornadoes in 2010

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.