Alert archive / North Dakota / Tornado Warnings in 2010

Tornado Warning 48, NWS Bismarck, ND

July 13, 2010Grant County, Hettinger County, North Dakota

NWS Bismarck, ND issued this tornado warning at Jul 13, 2010, 11:36 PM MDT for Grant County, Hettinger County, North Dakota. It was in force for 39 min. 3 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Jul 13, 2010, 11:36 PM MDT (05:36 UTC)
Expired: Jul 14, 2010, 12:15 AM MDT
In force: 39 min
Issued by: NWS Bismarck, ND
Area: Storm-based polygon

Counties Grant County, ND, Hettinger County, ND

The radar

The Bismarck radar (KBIS), 92 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 05:40 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Jul 13, 11:40 PM MDT	HAIL 5	13 N Fort Yates, ND	HAIL FELL AT PRAIRIE KNIGHTS CASINO AND RESORT. HAIL WAS PRESERVED AND THEN MEASURED BY NWS STORM SURVEY TEAM. HAIL SIZE TIES THE NORTH DAKOTA STATE RECORD SET ON 3 AUGUST 1969, IN MERCER COUNTY.
Jul 13, 11:50 PM MDT	HAIL 2.75	New Leipzig, ND
Jul 14, 12:03 AM MDT	HAIL 4.25	Elgin, ND	BROKE WINDOWS ALL OVER TOWN.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this tornado warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Jul 13, 9:58 PM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	7 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Bismarck Municip, ND (KBIS), launched 00:00Z, 5.6 hours before the alert went out and 96 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 2253 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -20 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 916 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 64 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: -48 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 75 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.5
Supercell composite: 2.1

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

160 
WFUS53 KBIS 140536
TORBIS
NDC037-041-140615-
/O.NEW.KBIS.TO.W.0048.100714T0536Z-100714T0615Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BISMARCK ND
1136 PM MDT TUE JUL 13 2010

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN BISMARCK HAS ISSUED A

* TORNADO WARNING FOR...
  CENTRAL GRANT COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA...
  SOUTHEASTERN HETTINGER COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST NORTH DAKOTA...

* UNTIL 1215 AM MDT

* AT 1135 PM MDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A TORNADO. THIS DANGEROUS
  STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR BENTLEY...OR 28 MILES NORTH OF LEMMON...AND
  MOVING EAST AT 45 MPH.

* LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  NEW LEIPZIG...ELGIN...LEITH...CARSON...RALEIGH...HEIL...ST.
  GERTRUDE AND LARK.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TAKE COVER NOW. MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF A
STURDY BUILDING. AVOID WINDOWS. IF IN A MOBILE HOME...A VEHICLE OR
OUTDOORS...MOVE TO THE CLOSEST SUBSTANTIAL SHELTER AND PROTECT
YOURSELF FROM FLYING DEBRIS.

TORNADOES ARE DIFFICULT TO SEE AND CONFIRM AT NIGHT. TAKE COVER NOW.

REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN BISMARCK AT
701-223-4582.

&&

LAT...LON 4618 10200 4620 10201 4621 10223 4654 10223
      4659 10132 4614 10126 4614 10129 4610 10133
      4610 10132 4609 10134
TIME...MOT...LOC 0536Z 271DEG 39KT 4634 10205

$$

SCHECK

1 follow-up statement

649 
WWUS53 KBIS 140601
SVSBIS

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BISMARCK ND
101 AM CDT WED JUL 14 2010

NDC041-140611-
/O.CAN.KBIS.TO.W.0048.000000T0000Z-100714T0615Z/
HETTINGER ND-
1201 AM MDT WED JUL 14 2010

...THE TORNADO WARNING FOR SOUTHEASTERN HETTINGER COUNTY IS
CANCELLED...

THE STORM WHICH PROMPTED THE WARNING HAS MOVED OUT OF THE WARNED 
AREA.

LAT...LON 4619 10182 4634 10197 4655 10198 4659 10132                
      4645 10130 4638 10131 4637 10129 4614 10126
      4614 10129 4609 10134
TIME...MOT...LOC 0601Z 272DEG 37KT 4632 10169

$$

NDC037-140615-
/O.CON.KBIS.TO.W.0048.000000T0000Z-100714T0615Z/
GRANT ND-
1201 AM MDT WED JUL 14 2010

...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FOR CENTRAL GRANT COUNTY UNTIL
1215 AM MDT...

AT 1158 PM MDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING A TORNADO.  THIS DANGEROUS
STORM WAS LOCATED 6 MILES SOUTHWEST OF LEITH...OR 33 MILES NORTHEAST
OF LEMMON...MOVING EAST AT 45 MPH.

LOCATIONS IMPACTED INCLUDE...
  LEITH...CARSON...RALEIGH...ST. GERTRUDE AND LARK.

PRECAUTIONARY/PREPAREDNESS ACTIONS...

TORNADOES ARE DIFFICULT TO SEE AND CONFIRM AT NIGHT. TAKE COVER NOW.

REPORT SEVERE WEATHER TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN BISMARCK AT
701-223-4582.

&&

LAT...LON 4619 10182 4634 10197 4655 10198 4659 10132
      4645 10130 4638 10131 4637 10129 4614 10126
      4614 10129 4609 10134
TIME...MOT...LOC 0601Z 272DEG 37KT 4632 10169

$$

SCHECK

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this tornado warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Bismarck, ND wrote its last area forecast discussion before this tornado warning went out at Jul 13, 1:27 PM MDT, 10 hours 9 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Jul 13, 1:27 PM MDT, 10 hours 9 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BISMARCK ND
227 PM CDT TUE JUL 13 2010

.SHORT TERM...TONIGHT THROUGH FRIDAY NIGHT...
THE SURFACE COLD FRONT HAS MOVED THROUGH MINOT AND
GARRISON...BUT AS THE MODELS ADVERTISED THE FRONT HAS STAGNATED
OVER THE BISMARCK AREA RESULTING IN A TILTED FRONT. THUNDERSTORMS
HAVE DEVELOPED BETWEEN BISMARCK AND JAMESTOWN. THE STORMS ARE
MOVING NORTHEAST...BUT THE LINE IS MOVING SLOWLY NORTH. GOOD CAPE
AND SHEAR INDICATE A POTENTIAL FOR SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS...AND
POSSIBLY TORNADOES. SURFACE DEWPOINTS AND A K INDEX OF 35 OR
BETTER ALSO POINT TOWARD THE POTENTIAL FOR HEAVY RAIN. MOST LIKELY
SOME STORMS WILL PROMPT A SMALL STREAM AND URBAN FLOOD
ADVISORY...BUT IF ANY TRAINING OCCURS...MAY NEED A FLASH FLOOD
WARNING. THERE IS ALSO CONVECTION IN NORTHEAST MONTANA WHICH IS
MOVING EAST...SO EVEN THOUGH THE DEWPOINTS AT WILLISTON AND
DICKINSON HAVE DROPPED TO LESS THAN 50 DEGREES...CONTINUE TO SEE
POTENTIAL FOR CONVECTION IN THE WEST TONIGHT. WEDNESDAY THE UPPER
LEVEL LOW WILL MOVE ACROSS SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN AND MANITOBA.
THIS IS FAVORABLE FOR STRONG WINDS...ALTHOUGH IT APPEARS AT THIS
TIME THAT THEY WILL REMAIN BELOW ADVISORY CRITERIA. AGAIN...THERE
IS SOME POTENTIAL FOR CONVECTION...MAINLY ACROSS THE NORTH AND FAR
EASTERN COUNTIES. RIDGING ALOFT BEHIND THE LOW WEDNESDAY NIGHT
THROUGH FRIDAY SHOULD LIMIT THE CHANCE OF PRECIPITATION.
TEMPERATURES WILL TREND DOWN ON WEDNESDAY...BUT SHOULD SEE A
RETURN TO WARMER TEMPERATURE THURSDAY AND FRIDAY.

.LONG TERM...SATURDAY THROUGH TUESDAY
THE UPPER LEVEL PATTERN CONTINUES TO ALLOW UPPER LEVEL SHORT
WAVES TO MOVE THROUGH THE AREA ALONG WITH THEIR ASSOCIATED SURFACE
LOWS. CONSEQUENTLY...THE LONG TERM FORECAST IS FOR OFF AND ON
CHANCES OF THUNDERSTORMS WITH SEASONAL TEMPERATURES.

&&
.AVIATION...THUNDERSTORMS...SOME SEVERE...CAN BE EXPECTED THIS
EVENING AS A SURFACE TROUGH MOVES FROM CENTRAL NORTH DAKOTA INTO
THE RED RIVER VALLEY. IN ADDITION THERE IS A CHANCE OF SHOWERS AND
THUNDERSTORMS BEHIND THE FRONT...ALTHOUGH WITH LOW SURFACE
DEWPOINTS...BASES SHOULD BE FAIRLY HIGH. WEDNESDAY THE THREAT OF
THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE ACROSS THE NORTH AND EAST. STRONG WEST
WINDS WITH STRONG GUSTS ARE LIKELY THROUGH THE AFTERNOON IN THE
WEST AND CENTRAL PARTS OF THE STATE.

&&

.BIS WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
NONE.
&&

TSW

Hazardous weather outlook, Jul 13, 8:47 PM MDT, 2 hours 49 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BISMARCK ND
947 PM CDT TUE JUL 13 2010

NDZ020-022-023-025-033>037-040>048-050-051-141100-
OLIVER-SHERIDAN-WELLS-FOSTER-STARK-MORTON-BURLEIGH-KIDDER-
STUTSMAN-SLOPE-HETTINGER-GRANT-BOWMAN-ADAMS-SIOUX-EMMONS-LOGAN-
LA MOURE-MCINTOSH-DICKEY-
947 PM CDT TUE JUL 13 2010 /847 PM MDT TUE JUL 13 2010/

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF SOUTH CENTRAL
AND SOUTHEAST NORTH DAKOTA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT

THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO DEVELOP OVERNIGHT AND MOVE ACROSS
MUCH OF SOUTHERN NORTH DAKOTA. SOME SEVERE STORMS ARE
POSSIBLE...WITH LARGE HAIL AND DAMAGING STRAIGHT LINE WINDS THE
MAIN THREATS. ISOLATED HEAVY RAINFALL IS POSSIBLE...BUT IS NOT
EXPECTED TO CAUSE A SIGNIFICANT THREAT OF FLASH FLOODING.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY

A FEW THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE MAINLY SATURDAY AND SATURDAY
NIGHT...BUT THE THREAT FOR SEVERE WEATHER IS LOW.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS POSSIBLE OVERNIGHT INTO EARLY WEDNESDAY MORNING.

NDZ001>005-009>013-017>019-021-031-032-141100-
DIVIDE-BURKE-RENVILLE-BOTTINEAU-ROLETTE-WILLIAMS-MOUNTRAIL-WARD-
MCHENRY-PIERCE-MCKENZIE-DUNN-MERCER-MCLEAN-GOLDEN VALLEY-BILLINGS-
947 PM CDT TUE JUL 13 2010 /847 PM MDT TUE JUL 13 2010/

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF CENTRAL THROUGH
NORTHWEST NORTH DAKOTA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT

ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE OVERNIGHT. NO SEVERE WEATHER
IS EXPECTED...BUT A FEW STORMS MAY PRODUCE HAIL AROUND PENNY SIZE.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY

A FEW THUNDERSTORMS ARE POSSIBLE MAINLY SATURDAY AND SATURDAY
NIGHT...BUT THE THREAT FOR SEVERE WEATHER IS LOW.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT EXPECTED.

KINNEY

In the hours before

Local storm report, Jul 13, 10:31 PM MDT, 1 hour 5 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BISMARCK ND
1131 PM CDT TUE JUL 13 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1130 PM     HAIL             NEW LEIPZIG             46.37N 101.95W
07/13/2010  M2.50 INCH       GRANT              ND   TRAINED SPOTTER

            STRONG WINDS.

&&

SWICHE

Local storm report, Jul 13, 10:52 PM MDT, 44 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BISMARCK ND
1152 PM CDT TUE JUL 13 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1133 PM     HAIL             ELGIN                   46.40N 101.85W
07/13/2010  E2.00 INCH       GRANT              ND   PUBLIC

&&

SWICHE

Local storm report, Jul 13, 11:01 PM MDT, 35 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BISMARCK ND
1201 AM CDT WED JUL 14 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1133 PM     TSTM WND GST     ELGIN                   46.40N 101.85W
07/13/2010  E60.00 MPH       GRANT              ND   PUBLIC

            GOLFBALL SIZE HAIL.

&&

SWICHE

Local storm report, Jul 13, 11:12 PM MDT, 24 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BISMARCK ND
1212 AM CDT WED JUL 14 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1208 AM     HAIL             REGENT                  46.42N 102.56W
07/14/2010  E1.00 INCH       HETTINGER          ND   TRAINED SPOTTER

1209 AM     HAIL             BOWMAN                  46.18N 103.39W
07/14/2010  E1.50 INCH       BOWMAN             ND   EMERGENCY MNGR

&&

SWICHE

Local storm report, Jul 13, 11:18 PM MDT, 18 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BISMARCK ND
1218 AM CDT WED JUL 14 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1214 AM     TSTM WND GST     REGENT                  46.42N 102.56W
07/14/2010  E60 MPH          HETTINGER          ND   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            QUARTER SIZE HAIL.

&&

SWICHE

Local storm report, Jul 13, 11:27 PM MDT, 9 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BISMARCK ND
1227 AM CDT WED JUL 14 2010

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1208 AM     HAIL             RALEIGH                 46.36N 101.31W
07/14/2010  M1.75 INCH       GRANT              ND   EMERGENCY MNGR

1222 AM     HAIL             MOTT                    46.37N 102.33W
07/14/2010  E2.50 INCH       HETTINGER          ND   EMERGENCY MNGR

&&

SWICHE

The office that day

Everything else NWS Bismarck, ND issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Jul 13, 9:42 PM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	Grant, Hettinger, Stark	63 min
Jul 13, 9:57 PM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Grant, Hettinger	33 min
Jul 13, 10:24 PM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	Adams, Hettinger, Slope, Stark	66 min
Jul 13, 10:29 PM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Grant	31 min
Jul 13, 10:48 PM MDT	Areal Flood Advisory	BIS	Adams, Bowman, Hettinger, Slope	5 hr
Jul 13, 10:53 PM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	Adams, Bowman, Slope	37 min
Jul 13, 10:58 PM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	Grant, Hettinger, Morton, Stark	62 min
Jul 13, 10:59 PM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Grant, Morton, Sioux	46 min
Jul 13, 11:07 PM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Adams, Bowman, Hettinger, Slope	23 min
Jul 13, 11:10 PM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Grant, Hettinger	35 min
Jul 13, 11:14 PM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	Bowman	16 min
Jul 13, 11:25 PM MDT	Flash Flood Warning	BIS	Adams, Bowman, Grant, Hettinger, Morton, Slope and 1 more	4 hr
Jul 13, 11:27 PM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Adams, Hettinger	48 min
Jul 13, 11:29 PM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	Adams, Bowman, Hettinger, Slope	61 min
Jul 13, 11:42 PM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Emmons, Morton, Sioux	48 min
Jul 13, 11:44 PM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	Grant, Morton	61 min
Jul 14, 12:08 AM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Grant, Morton	52 min
Jul 14, 12:14 AM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Adams, Grant, Hettinger, Sioux	46 min
Jul 14, 12:19 AM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Adams, Bowman	41 min
Jul 14, 12:25 AM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	Adams, Grant, Hettinger, Sioux	50 min
Jul 14, 12:27 AM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Emmons, Logan, McIntosh	48 min
Jul 14, 12:45 AM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	Burleigh, Emmons, Morton	60 min
Jul 14, 12:49 AM MDT	Flash Flood Warning	BIS	Burleigh, Dickey, Emmons, Grant, Kidder, LaMoure and 6 more	6 hr
Jul 14, 12:52 AM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Emmons, Morton, Sioux	23 min
Jul 14, 12:52 AM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Grant	23 min
Jul 14, 1:00 AM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	Adams, Grant, Hettinger, Sioux	45 min
Jul 14, 1:10 AM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Grant, Morton, Sioux	35 min
Jul 14, 1:13 AM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Dickey, LaMoure, Logan, McIntosh	32 min
Jul 14, 1:15 AM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Emmons, Morton, Sioux	30 min
Jul 14, 1:27 AM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	LaMoure, Logan, Stutsman	48 min
Jul 14, 1:34 AM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Emmons, Logan, McIntosh	41 min
Jul 14, 1:40 AM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Dickey, LaMoure, Logan, McIntosh	65 min
Jul 14, 1:42 AM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	Emmons, Grant, Morton, Sioux	63 min
Jul 14, 1:44 AM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	Adams, Grant, Hettinger, Morton, Sioux	61 min
Jul 14, 1:58 AM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Sioux	32 min
Jul 14, 2:14 AM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	LaMoure, Stutsman	31 min
Jul 14, 2:16 AM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	LaMoure, Logan	34 min
Jul 14, 2:34 AM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	Emmons, Kidder, Logan	41 min
Jul 14, 2:43 AM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	LaMoure, Logan, Stutsman	47 min
Jul 14, 3:06 AM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	Kidder, LaMoure, Logan, Stutsman	54 min
Jul 14, 3:24 AM MDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	BIS	Dickey, LaMoure	51 min
Jul 14, 3:28 AM MDT	Tornado Warning	BIS	Emmons, Sioux	32 min

Nearby

Tornado Warnings in North Dakota, 2010 Every tornado warning in 2010 Tornadoes in 2010

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.