Alert archive / South Dakota / Tornado Watches in 2009

Tornado Watch 55

March 23, 20094 states

The Storm Prediction Center issued this tornado watch at Mar 23, 2009, 3:50 PM CDT for 4 states. It was in force for 6 hr.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued
Mar 23, 2009, 3:50 PM CDT (20:50 UTC)
Expired
Mar 23, 2009, 10:00 PM CDT
In force
6 hr
Issued by
the Storm Prediction Center
Largest hail expected
2 in
Strongest gust expected
60 kt
All 84 counties

Adams County, IA, Audubon County, IA, Cass County, IA, Crawford County, IA, Fremont County, IA, Harrison County, IA, Lyon County, IA, Mills County, IA, Monona County, IA, Montgomery County, IA, Page County, IA, Plymouth County, IA, Pottawattamie County, IA, Shelby County, IA, Sioux County, IA, Taylor County, IA, Woodbury County, IA, Atchison County, MO, Holt County, MO, Nodaway County, MO, Antelope County, NE, Burt County, NE, Butler County, NE, Cass County, NE, Cedar County, NE, Colfax County, NE, Cuming County, NE, Dakota County, NE, Dixon County, NE, Dodge County, NE, Douglas County, NE, Gage County, NE, Jefferson County, NE, Johnson County, NE, Knox County, NE, Lancaster County, NE, Madison County, NE, Nemaha County, NE, Otoe County, NE, Pawnee County, NE, Pierce County, NE, Platte County, NE, Richardson County, NE, Saline County, NE, Sarpy County, NE, Saunders County, NE, Seward County, NE, Stanton County, NE, Thurston County, NE, Washington County, NE, Wayne County, NE, Aurora County, SD, Beadle County, SD, Bon Homme County, SD, Brookings County, SD, Brule County, SD, Buffalo County, SD, Charles Mix County, SD, Clay County, SD, Davison County, SD, Douglas County, SD, Gregory County, SD, Hand County, SD, Hanson County, SD, Hughes County, SD, Hutchinson County, SD, Hyde County, SD, Jerauld County, SD, Kingsbury County, SD, Lake County, SD, Lincoln County, SD, Lyman County, SD, McCook County, SD, Mellette County, SD, Miner County, SD, Minnehaha County, SD, Moody County, SD, Sanborn County, SD, Sully County, SD, Todd County, SD, Tripp County, SD, Turner County, SD, Union County, SD, Yankton County, SD

The radar

The Omaha radar (KOAX), 101 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 20:51 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What SPC expected

The probabilities SPC published with the watch, for the watch area over its life.

Two or more tornadoes
40%
One or more EF2 to EF5 tornadoes
20%
Ten or more severe wind reports
50%
One or more gusts of 65 knots or more
30%
Ten or more severe hail reports
60%
One or more hailstones of 2 inches or more
30%
Six or more combined severe hail and wind reports
80%

Warnings issued inside it

41 tornado, severe thunderstorm and flash flood warnings for its counties while it was in force.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Mar 23, 3:57 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXGage, Jefferson, Lancaster48 min
Mar 23, 3:59 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXButler, Colfax, Dodge, Saunders46 min
Mar 23, 4:04 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXButler, Lancaster, Saunders, Seward41 min
Mar 23, 4:08 PM CDTTornado WarningFSDBon Homme37 min
Mar 23, 4:12 PM CDTTornado WarningOAXGage, Lancaster48 min
Mar 23, 4:12 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFSDCharles Mix, Douglas, Gregory38 min
Mar 23, 4:14 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXCedar, Pierce, Stanton, Wayne46 min
Mar 23, 4:30 PM CDTTornado WarningOAXLancaster, Saunders30 min
Mar 23, 4:33 PM CDTTornado WarningOAXCass, Lancaster, Otoe42 min
Mar 23, 4:34 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFSDBon Homme, Charles Mix, Douglas, Hutchinson26 min
Mar 23, 4:45 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXBurt, Cuming, Dodge45 min
Mar 23, 4:52 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXBurt, Cuming, Dodge, Saunders, Washington53 min
Mar 23, 4:53 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFSDPlymouth, Woodbury52 min
Mar 23, 4:57 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningFSDPlymouth, Woodbury2 hr
Mar 23, 4:59 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFSDClay, Turner, Yankton31 min
Mar 23, 5:03 PM CDTTornado WarningOAXCass, Douglas, Sarpy, Saunders42 min
Mar 23, 5:03 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFSDDavison, Hanson, Hutchinson, McCook27 min
Mar 23, 5:13 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXLancaster32 min
Mar 23, 5:27 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXCass, Lancaster, Otoe33 min
Mar 23, 5:33 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFSDHutchinson, McCook, Turner, Yankton42 min
Mar 23, 5:35 PM CDTTornado WarningOAXHarrison, Pottawattamie55 min
Mar 23, 5:36 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFSDPlymouth24 min
Mar 23, 5:43 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXMonona17 min
Mar 23, 5:44 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFSDPlymouth, Woodbury31 min
Mar 23, 5:48 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXCass, Douglas, Sarpy, Saunders32 min
Mar 23, 5:59 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFSDClay, Lincoln, Turner, Union46 min
Mar 23, 6:01 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXRichardson59 min
Mar 23, 6:09 PM CDTFlash Flood WarningFSDLyon111 min
Mar 23, 6:17 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFSDCherokee, Lyon, O'Brien, Plymouth, Sioux, Woodbury43 min
Mar 23, 6:18 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXHarrison, Monona57 min
Mar 23, 6:31 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXPawnee, Richardson30 min
Mar 23, 6:33 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFSDLincoln, Minnehaha27 min
Mar 23, 6:39 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXMills, Pottawattamie66 min
Mar 23, 6:44 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningFSDLyon, O'Brien, Osceola, Sioux46 min
Mar 23, 6:58 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXRichardson32 min
Mar 23, 7:04 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAXAtchison, Holt41 min
Mar 23, 7:19 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningOAXMontgomery, Page41 min
Mar 23, 7:48 PM CDTTornado WarningOAXMontgomery27 min
Mar 23, 8:03 PM CDTTornado WarningDMXAdams, Cass27 min
Mar 23, 8:12 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAXHolt33 min
Mar 23, 8:42 PM CDTSevere Thunderstorm WarningEAXHolt, Nodaway33 min

Discussions around it

SPC mesoscale discussions over the same counties from four hours before the watch to its end.

The nearest sounding before it

Omaha, NE (KOAX), launched 12:00Z, 8.8 hours before the alert went out and 100 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-pSkew-T log-p diagram, Omaha, NE at 12:00Z on 2009-03-23Temperature and dew point through the depth of the atmosphere, with the mixed-layer parcel. CAPE 0 joules per kilogram.LCL10008507005003002001001 km2 km3 km6 km9 km12 km15 km-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°
Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.
HodographHodograph, Omaha, NE at 12:00Z on 2009-03-23The wind through the lowest 10 kilometers. Zero to 1 km storm-relative helicity 504 square meters per square second.19395878Sfc1 km3 km6 km9 kmRMLM
The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.
Mixed-layer CAPE
0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN
No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL
1023 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear
26 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity
504 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity
539 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter
0.0
Supercell composite
-0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

100 
WWUS20 KWNS 232051
SEL5  
SPC WW 232051
IAZ000-MOZ000-NEZ000-SDZ000-240300-

URGENT - IMMEDIATE BROADCAST REQUESTED
TORNADO WATCH NUMBER 55
NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK
350 PM CDT MON MAR 23 2009

THE NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A
TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF 

       PARTS OF WESTERN IOWA
       SMALL PART OF NORTHWEST MISSOURI
       PARTS OF EASTERN NEBRASKA
       PARTS OF SOUTHERN SOUTH DAKOTA

EFFECTIVE THIS MONDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING FROM 350 PM UNTIL
1000 PM CDT.

TORNADOES...HAIL TO 2 INCHES IN DIAMETER...THUNDERSTORM WIND
GUSTS TO 70 MPH...AND DANGEROUS LIGHTNING ARE POSSIBLE IN THESE
AREAS.

THE TORNADO WATCH AREA IS APPROXIMATELY ALONG AND 90 STATUTE
MILES EAST AND WEST OF A LINE FROM 10 MILES WEST SOUTHWEST OF
FALLS CITY NEBRASKA TO 35 MILES WEST NORTHWEST OF HURON SOUTH
DAKOTA.  FOR A COMPLETE DEPICTION OF THE WATCH SEE THE ASSOCIATED
WATCH OUTLINE UPDATE (WOUS64 KWNS WOU5).

REMEMBER...A TORNADO WATCH MEANS CONDITIONS ARE FAVORABLE FOR
TORNADOES AND SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN AND CLOSE TO THE WATCH
AREA. PERSONS IN THESE AREAS SHOULD BE ON THE LOOKOUT FOR
THREATENING WEATHER CONDITIONS AND LISTEN FOR LATER STATEMENTS
AND POSSIBLE WARNINGS.

OTHER WATCH INFORMATION...THIS TORNADO WATCH REPLACES TORNADO
WATCH NUMBER 53. WATCH NUMBER 53 WILL NOT BE IN EFFECT AFTER 350
PM CDT. CONTINUE...WW 54...

DISCUSSION...THUNDERSTORMS ARE RAPIDLY DEVELOPING NEWD AHEAD OF
VIGOROUS UPPER TROUGH AND SURFACE LOW MOVING ACROSS CENTRAL NEB. 
WITH VERY STRONG SHEAR AND ADEQUATE INSTABILITY...SUPERCELLS ARE
LIKELY WITH LARGE HAIL/DAMAGING WINDS AND POTENTIAL TORNADOS.

AVIATION...TORNADOES AND A FEW SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WITH HAIL
SURFACE AND ALOFT TO 2 INCHES. EXTREME TURBULENCE AND SURFACE
WIND GUSTS TO 60 KNOTS. A FEW CUMULONIMBI WITH MAXIMUM TOPS TO
450. MEAN STORM MOTION VECTOR 21045.


...HALES

SPC that day

Everything else SPC issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Mar 22, 11:28 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCCerro Gordo, Dickinson, Emmet, Franklin, Hamilton, Hancock and 8 more3 hr
Mar 23, 3:11 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCCrawford, Fremont, Harrison, Mills, Monona, Plymouth and 3 more94 min
Mar 23, 6:04 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAdair, Adams, Audubon, Buena Vista, Carroll, Cass and 26 more116 min
Mar 23, 5:08 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCBuchanan, Clay, Clinton, DeKalb, Platte97 min
Mar 23, 10:13 AM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCAdams, Antelope, Blaine, Boone, Boyd, Brown and 43 more2 hr
Mar 23, 12:16 PM CDTTornado WatchSPCAdams, Antelope, Blaine, Boone, Boyd, Brown and 46 more4 hr
Mar 23, 4:59 AM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCButte, Custer, Harding, Lawrence6 hr
Mar 23, 12:06 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCButte, Harding, Lawrence, Meade, Pennington, Perkins5 hr
Mar 23, 6:56 PM CDTMesoscale DiscussionSPCButte, Campbell, Corson, Custer, Dewey, Haakon and 13 more3 hr

Nearby

Tornado Watches in South Dakota, 2009Tornado Watches in Nebraska, 2009Tornado Watches in Iowa, 2009Every tornado watch in 2009

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.