Alert archive / Alaska / Storm Warnings in 2009

Storm Warning 78, NWS Anchorage, AK

February 26, 2009

NWS Anchorage, AK issued this storm warning at Feb 26, 2009, 4:00 AM AKST. It was in force for 12 hr. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The counties it named.

The facts

Issued
Feb 26, 2009, 4:00 AM AKST (13:00 UTC)
Expired
Feb 26, 2009, 4:00 PM AKST
In force
12 hr
Issued by
NWS Anchorage, AK

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
FZAK51 PAFC 261245
CWFAER

COASTAL WATERS FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE ALASKA
400 AM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

COASTAL WATERS FORECAST FOR THE NORTHERN GULF OF ALASKA COAST
UP TO 100 NM OUT INCLUDING KODIAK ISLAND AND COOK INLET.

WIND FORECASTS REFLECT THE PREDOMINANT SPEED AND DIRECTION
EXPECTED. SEA FORECASTS REPRESENT AN AVERAGE OF THE HIGHEST
ONE-THIRD OF THE COMBINED WIND WAVE AND SWELL HEIGHT.

PKZ197-270300-
400 AM AKST THU FEB 26 2009
.SYNOPSIS FOR THE NORTH GULF COAST+KODIAK ISLAND WATERS+
COOK INLET...
A 1006 MB LOW NEAR PALMER WILL MOVE TO 120 NM SOUTH OF CAPE SUCKLING
AT 1011 MB THIS AFTERNOON AND TO 260 NM SOUTHEAST OF YAKUTAT AT 1015
MB LATE THU NIGHT. THIS LOW WILL THEN MOVE EAST OF THE COASTAL 
WATERS BY THURSDAY AFTERNOON AS HIGH PRESSURE MOVES INTO THE AREA. 
A 1019 MB LOW WILL APPROACH SELDOVIA LATE FRI NIGHT FROM THE WEST. 
$$

PKZ120-270300-
CAPE SUCKLING TO GORE POINT
400 AM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY THROUGH TONIGHT...

.TODAY...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.TONIGHT...N WIND 30 KT. SEAS 10 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...N WIND 20 KT. SEAS 7 FT. 
.FRI NIGHT...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 3 FT. 
.SAT...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT SEAS 3 FT. WEST OF CAPE CLEARE...NW WIND
35 KT. SEAS 9 FT. 
.SUN...NW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 9 FT. 
.MON...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 9 FT.  

$$

PKZ121-270300-
RESURRECTION BAY
400 AM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...HEAVY FREEZING SPRAY WARNING TONIGHT...
...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY TONIGHT...

.TODAY...N WIND 15 KT. SEAS 3 FT. 
.TONIGHT...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 5 FT. HEAVY FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...N WIND 15 KT. SEAS 3 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI NIGHT...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.SAT...N WIND 15 KT. SEAS 3 FT. 
.SUN...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.MON...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 2 FT.  

$$

PKZ125-270300-
PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND
400 AM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

.TODAY...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT BECOMING NW 20 KT IN THE AFTERNOON.
SEAS 4 FT. 
.TONIGHT...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 4 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...N WIND 20 KT DIMINISHING TO 10 KT IN THE AFTERNOON. SEAS 3 FT.
FREEZING SPRAY IN THE MORNING. 
.FRI NIGHT...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.SAT...N WIND 15 KT. SEAS 3 FT. 
.SUN...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 4 FT. 
.MON...NE WIND 15 KT. SEAS 3 FT.  

$$

PKZ129-270300-
PASSAGE CANAL
400 AM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY TONIGHT...

.TODAY...W WIND 15 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.TONIGHT...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 4 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...W WIND 20 KT IN THE MORNING BECOMING VARIABLE 10 KT. SEAS
3 FT. FREEZING SPRAY IN THE MORNING. 
.FRI NIGHT...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.SAT...W WIND 15 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.SUN...NW WIND 15 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.MON...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 2 FT.  

$$

PKZ130-270300-
BARREN ISLANDS AND KAMISHAK BAY WATERS
400 AM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...STORM WARNING TODAY...

.TODAY...NW WIND 50 KT. SEAS 14 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.TONIGHT...NW WIND 40 KT. SEAS 13 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...N WIND 25 KT IN THE MORNING BECOMING VARIABLE 10 KT. SEAS
7 FT. FREEZING SPRAY IN THE MORNING. 
.FRI NIGHT...S WIND 20 KT. SEAS 5 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 45 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.SUN...NW WIND 40 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.MON...SW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 10 FT.  

$$

PKZ132-270300-
SHUYAK ISLAND TO SITKINAK
400 AM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...STORM WARNING TODAY...

.TODAY...NW WIND 50 KT. SEAS 16 FT. 
.TONIGHT...NW WIND 40 KT. SEAS 14 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...N WIND 25 KT IN THE MORNING BECOMING VARIABLE 10 KT. SEAS
9 FT. FREEZING SPRAY IN THE MORNING. 
.FRI NIGHT...S WIND 20 KT. SEAS 6 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 40 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.SUN...W WIND 35 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.MON...W WIND 35 KT. SEAS 11 FT.  

$$

PKZ138-270300-
SHELIKOF STRAIT
400 AM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...GALE WARNING THROUGH TONIGHT...

.TODAY...NW WIND 40 KT. SEAS 8 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.TONIGHT...NW WIND 35 KT DIMINISHING TO 20 KT AFTER MIDNIGHT. SEAS
6 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...N WIND 15 KT IN THE MORNING BECOMING VARIABLE 10 KT. SEAS
3 FT. 
.FRI NIGHT...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 5 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 6 FT. 
.SUN...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 5 FT. 
.MON...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 6 FT.  

$$

PKZ140-270300-
COOK INLET NORTH OF KAMISHAK BAY AND ENGLISH BAY
400 AM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY TODAY...

.TODAY...NW WIND 30 KT EXCEPT VARIABLE 10 KT N OF KALGIN ISLAND.
SEAS IN ICE FREE WATERS 5 FT. FREEZING SPRAY S OF KALGIN ISLAND. 
.TONIGHT...NW WIND 20 KT EXCEPT VARIABLE 10 KT N OF KALGIN ISLAND.
SEAS IN ICE FREE WATERS 4 FT. FREEZING SPRAY S OF KALGIN ISLAND. 
.FRI...N WIND 20 KT EXCEPT N 10 KT N OF KALGIN ISLAND. SEAS
IN ICE FREE WATERS 2 FT. FREEZING SPRAY.
.FRI NIGHT...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS IN ICE FREE WATERS 3 FT.
.SAT...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS IN ICE FREE WATERS 5 FT. 
.SUN...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS IN ICE FREE WATERS 5 FT. 
.MON...S WIND 30 KT. SEAS IN ICE FREE WATERS 6 FT.  

$$

PKZ141-270300-
KACHEMAK BAY
400 AM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY THROUGH TONIGHT...

.TODAY...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 4 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.TONIGHT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 3 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...N WIND 15 KT. SEAS 2 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI NIGHT...SE WIND 15 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. 
.SUN...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT. 
.MON...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT.  

$$
1 follow-up statement
000 
FZAK51 PAFC 270012
CWFAER

COASTAL WATERS FORECAST
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE ANCHORAGE ALASKA
400 PM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

COASTAL WATERS FORECAST FOR THE NORTHERN GULF OF ALASKA COAST
UP TO 100 NM OUT INCLUDING KODIAK ISLAND AND COOK INLET.

WIND FORECASTS REFLECT THE PREDOMINANT SPEED AND DIRECTION
EXPECTED. SEA FORECASTS REPRESENT AN AVERAGE OF THE HIGHEST
ONE-THIRD OF THE COMBINED WIND WAVE AND SWELL HEIGHT.

PKZ197-271500-
400 PM AKST THU FEB 26 2009
.SYNOPSIS FOR THE NORTH GULF COAST+KODIAK ISLAND WATERS+
COOK INLET...
A 1012 MB LOW 200 NM WEST OF SITKA MOVES ON SHORE NEAR CRAIG LATE
FRIDAY MORNING. HIGH PRESSURE FORMS OVER THE GULF THROUGH SATURDAY
MORNING. A 1015 MB LOW FORMS 100 NM SOUTH OF SEWARD EARLY SATURDAY
AFTERNOON AND DISSIPATES SUNDAY MORNING AS A RIDGE OF HIGH PRESSURE
BUILDS FROM THE WEST.

$$

PKZ120-271500-
CAPE SUCKLING TO GORE POINT
400 PM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...GALE WARNING THROUGH FRIDAY...

.TONIGHT...N WIND 25 TO 45 KT. SEAS 7 TO 15 FT. HIGHEST WINDS AND
SEAS WEST OF CAPE CLEARE. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...N WIND 25 KT BECOMING NE 15 KT IN THE AFTERNOON. SEAS 7 FT.
FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI NIGHT...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 3 FT. 
.SAT...S WIND 25 KT. SEAS 4 FT. 
.SAT NIGHT...N WIND 30 KT. SEAS 8 FT. 
.SUN...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 8 FT. 
.MON...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 7 FT. 
.TUE...NW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 8 FT.  

$$

PKZ121-271500-
RESURRECTION BAY
400 PM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...GALE WARNING INTO SATURDAY MORNING...
.TONIGHT...N WIND 40 KT. SEAS 9 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...N WIND 35 KT IN THE MORNING BECOMING VARIABLE 10 KT LATE
AFTERNOON. SEAS 7 FT SUBSIDING TO 3 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI NIGHT...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 2 FT. SNOW.
.SAT...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.SAT NIGHT...N WIND 30 KT. SEAS 6 FT. 
.SUN...N WIND 25 KT. SEAS 5 FT. 
.MON...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 3 FT. 
.TUE...N WIND 15 KT. SEAS 3 FT.  

$$

PKZ125-271500-
PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND
400 PM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY THROUGH FRIDAY MORNING...
.TONIGHT...NW WIND INCREASING TO 30 KT. SEAS BUILDING TO 7 FT.
FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...N WIND 25 KT DIMINISHING TO 15 KT IN THE AFTERNOON. SEAS 6 FT
SUBSIDING TO 3 FT IN THE AFTERNOON. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI NIGHT...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.SAT...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.SAT NIGHT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 4 FT. 
.SUN...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 4 FT. 
.MON...E WIND 15 KT. SEAS 3 FT. 
.TUE...N WIND 20 KT. SEAS 4 FT.  

$$

PKZ129-271500-
PASSAGE CANAL
400 PM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...GALE WARNING TONIGHT...

.TONIGHT...W WIND 35 KT. SEAS 5 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...W WIND DIMINISHING TO 10 KT. SEAS SUBSIDING TO 2 FT. 
.FRI NIGHT...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.SAT...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.SAT NIGHT...NW WIND 15 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.SUN...NW WIND 15 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.MON...VARIABLE WIND 10 KT. SEAS 2 FT. 
.TUE...NW WIND 15 KT. SEAS 2 FT.  

$$

PKZ130-271500-
BARREN ISLANDS AND KAMISHAK BAY WATERS
400 PM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...GALE WARNING TONIGHT...
...HEAVY FREEZING SPRAY WARNING TONIGHT...

.TONIGHT...NW WIND 45 KT. SEAS 13 FT. HEAVY FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...NW WIND 25 KT IN THE MORNING BECOMING VARIABLE 10 KT. SEAS
8 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI NIGHT...S WIND 15 KT. SEAS 4 FT. SNOW AND RAIN.
.SAT...NW WIND 40 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.SAT NIGHT...NW WIND 40 KT. SEAS 12 FT. 
.SUN...NW WIND 40 KT. SEAS 10 FT. 
.MON...SW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 9 FT. 
.TUE...NW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 11 FT.  

$$

PKZ132-271500-
SHUYAK ISLAND TO SITKINAK
400 PM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...GALE WARNING TONIGHT...

.TONIGHT...NW WIND 40 KT. SEAS 14 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...N WIND 25 KT IN THE MORNING BECOMING VARIABLE 10 KT. SEAS
9 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI NIGHT...S WIND 15 KT. SEAS 5 FT. 
.SAT...NW WIND 40 KT. SEAS 11 FT. 
.SAT NIGHT...NW WIND 45 KT. SEAS 13 FT. 
.SUN...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 10 FT. 
.MON...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS 9 FT. 
.TUE...NW WIND 35 KT. SEAS 11 FT.  

$$

PKZ138-271500-
SHELIKOF STRAIT
400 PM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...GALE WARNING TONIGHT...

.TONIGHT...NW WIND 35 KT DIMINISHING TO 20 KT AFTER MIDNIGHT. SEAS
6 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...N WIND 15 KT IN THE MORNING BECOMING VARIABLE 10 KT. SEAS
3 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI NIGHT...SW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 4 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.SAT...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 6 FT. 
.SAT NIGHT...NW WIND 30 KT. SEAS 6 FT. 
.SUN...W WIND 20 KT. SEAS 4 FT. 
.MON...SW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 5 FT. 
.TUE...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 6 FT.  

$$

PKZ140-271500-
COOK INLET NORTH OF KAMISHAK BAY AND ENGLISH BAY
400 PM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY TONIGHT...

.TONIGHT...NW WIND 30 KT EXCEPT N 20 KT N OF KALGIN ISLAND.
SEAS IN ICE FREE WATERS 4 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...NE WIND 15 KT. SEAS IN ICE FREE WATERS 3 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI NIGHT...S WIND 15 KT. SEAS IN ICE FREE WATERS 3 FT. SNOW. 
.SAT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS IN ICE FREE WATERS 4 FT.
.SAT NIGHT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS IN ICE FREE WATERS 4 FT. 
.SUN...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS IN ICE FREE WATERS 3 FT. 
.MON...S WIND 25 KT. SEAS IN ICE FREE WATERS 5 FT. 
.TUE...W WIND 30 KT. SEAS IN ICE FREE WATERS 6 FT.  

$$

PKZ141-271500-
KACHEMAK BAY
400 PM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

...SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY TONIGHT...

.TONIGHT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 3 FT. FREEZING SPRAY. 
.FRI...N WIND 15 KT. SEAS 2 FT.  
.FRI NIGHT...S WIND 15 KT. SEAS 2 FT. SNOW.  
.SAT...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 5 FT. 
.SAT NIGHT...NW WIND 25 KT. SEAS 3 FT. 
.SUN...NW WIND 20 KT. SEAS 4 FT. 
.MON...S WIND 25 KT. SEAS 6 FT. 
.TUE...W WIND 25 KT. SEAS 8 FT.  

$$

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this storm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Anchorage, AK wrote its last area forecast discussion before this storm warning went out at Feb 26, 4:00 AM AKST, 0 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Feb 26, 4:00 AM AKST, 0 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
SOUTHCENTRAL AND SOUTHWEST ALASKA
400 AM AKST THU FEB 26 2009

.ANALYSIS AND UPPER LEVELS...
MEAN RIDGE POSITION ALONG 170 DEGREES WEST LONGITUDE. VERTICALLY
STACKED LOW OVER SOUTHERN ALASKA IS DROPPING SOUTHWARD OFF THE COLD
SIDE OF THE RIDGE AND THE RIDGE IS POPPING UP BEHIND IT OVER THE
EASTERN BERING SEA. DEEP LOW OVER SIBERIA WITH STRONG SOUTHERLY FLOW
OVER THE NORTHWEST PACIFIC AND THE WESTERN BERING SEA.

.SHORT TERM FORECAST...
WINDS SHOULD DROP OFF OVER SOUTHWEST ALASKA TODAY AS THE BERING
SEA RIDGE NOSES INTO THE AREA. WINDS WILL INCREASE TODAY IN SOUTH
CENTRAL ALASKA THROUGH AREAS FAVORABLE FOR STRONG COLD ADVECTION
WINDS. THE RIDGE WILL PUSH INTO SOUTH CENTRAL ALASKA ON FRIDAY AS
THE NEXT BERING SEA SYSTEM REACHES THE WEST COAST. THIS NEXT SYSTEM
IS ANOTHER RIDGE TOPPER AND THUS THE RAPID SURFACE PRESSURE
CHANGES WILL MAKE FOR SOME DECENT WINDS WITH THIS SYSTEM FRIDAY
THROUGH SATURDAY...BUT NOT AS STRONG AS WITH THE CURRENT SYSTEM.
ANOTHER SHOT AT SOME SNOW ON SATURDAY AS THE FLOW ALOFT BRIEFLY
TURNS SOUTHWESTERLY AND CYCLONIC.

THE RIDGE WILL NOT REBOUND AS STRONGLY NORTHWARD INTO ALASKA BEHIND
THE NEXT SYSTEM SATURDAY NIGHT AND MOIST ZONAL FLOW WILL CONTINUE TO
IMPACT SOUTHWEST ALASKA. MOST OF SOUTH CENTRAL WILL BE FAIRLY DRY IN
THE LEE OF THE ALASKA RANGE.

.LONG TERM FORECAST...
YET ANOTHER RIDGE-TOPPING SYSTEM WILL RACE THROUGH ALASKA SUNDAY
NIGHT THROUGH MONDAY NIGHT...THE CENTER OF THIS SYSTEM A LITTLE
FURTHER NORTH THAN PREVIOUS LOWS. THIS PATTERN OF PERIODIC LOWS
SHOULD CONTINUE THROUGH AT LEAST THE MIDDLE OF NEXT WEEK.

.AER/ALU...WATCH/WARNING SUMMARY
PUBLIC...BLIZZARD WARNING 155 161.
MARINE...STORM WARNING 130 132 176 185.
         GALE WARNING 138 150 155 160 165 170 172 175 179 180.
         HEAVY FREEZING SPRAY WARNING 121 160 179 180 185.
FIRE WEATHER...NONE.

LUDWIG FEB 09

The office that day

Everything else NWS Anchorage, AK issued on the same UTC day.

IssuedProductOfficeCountiesLasted
Feb 25, 4:00 PM AKSTGale WarningAFC12 hr
Feb 25, 4:00 PM AKSTGale WarningAFC12 hr
Feb 25, 4:00 PM AKSTGale WarningAFC4 days
Feb 25, 4:00 PM AKSTSmall Craft AdvisoryAFC24 hr
Feb 25, 4:00 PM AKSTStorm WarningAFC60 hr
Feb 25, 4:00 PM AKSTStorm WarningAFC12 hr
Feb 25, 4:00 PM AKSTStorm WarningAFC12 hr
Feb 25, 4:00 PM AKSTHeavy Freezing Spray WarningAFC24 hr
Feb 25, 4:00 PM AKSTHeavy Freezing Spray WarningAFC24 hr
Feb 25, 4:00 PM AKSTHeavy Freezing Spray WarningAFC24 hr
Feb 25, 9:29 PM AKSTWinter Weather AdvisoryAFC9 hr
Feb 26, 1:10 AM AKSTHigh Wind WarningAFC5 hr
Feb 26, 4:00 AM AKSTGale WarningAFC4 days
Feb 26, 4:00 AM AKSTGale WarningAFC4 days
Feb 26, 4:00 AM AKSTGale WarningAFC24 hr
Feb 26, 4:00 AM AKSTSmall Craft AdvisoryAFC4 days
Feb 26, 4:00 AM AKSTSmall Craft AdvisoryAFC18 hr
Feb 26, 4:00 AM AKSTStorm WarningAFC12 hr
Feb 26, 4:00 AM AKSTHeavy Freezing Spray WarningAFC11 hr
Feb 26, 4:00 AM AKSTHeavy Freezing Spray WarningAFC12 hr
Feb 26, 4:58 AM AKSTBlizzard WatchAFC24 hr
Feb 26, 2:54 PM AKSTGale WarningAFC3 days

Nearby

Storm Warnings in Alaska, 2009Every storm warning in 2009

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text.