Alert archive / Louisiana / Flash Flood Warnings in 2008

Flash Flood Warning 45, NWS Shreveport, LA

August 11, 2008Ouachita Parish, Louisiana

NWS Shreveport, LA issued this flash flood warning at Aug 11, 2008, 9:44 AM CDT for Ouachita Parish, Louisiana. It was in force for 3 hr. 3 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Aug 11, 2008, 9:44 AM CDT (14:44 UTC)
Expired: Aug 11, 2008, 12:30 PM CDT
In force: 3 hr
Issued by: NWS Shreveport, LA
Area: Storm-based polygon
Flood severity: None

County Ouachita Parish, LA

The radar

The Shreveport radar (KSHV), 164 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 14:45 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Aug 11, 10:00 AM CDT	FLASH FLOOD	Brownsville-Bawcomville, LA	HIGHWAY 34 FLOODED NEAR BAWCOMVILLE
Aug 11, 11:30 AM CDT	FLASH FLOOD	Monroe, LA	MOTORISTS REPORTED FLOODING IN THE GARDEN DISTRICT ON 4TH AND 5TH STREETS.
Aug 11, 11:30 AM CDT	FLASH FLOOD	West Monroe, LA	NUMEROUS ROADS REMAIN FLOODED ACROSS THE CENTRAL AND WESTERN PARTS OF THE PARISH. SPORADIC ROAD CLOSURES CONTINUE...INCLUDING CHEEKS AND CHENIERE STATION ROADS...AND NEW NATCHITOCHES ROAD AND ESTATES NEAR VANCIL ROAD.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 3 storm reports to this flash flood warning; the first came 16 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The nearest sounding before it

Shreveport, LA (KSHV), launched 12:00Z, 2.7 hours before the alert went out and 155 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 1319 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: -38 J/kg
Mixed-layer LCL: 554 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 20 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 57 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 78 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WGUS54 KSHV 111444
FFWSHV
LAC073-111730-
/O.NEW.KSHV.FF.W.0045.080811T1444Z-080811T1730Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
FLASH FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
944 AM CDT MON AUG 11 2008

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN SHREVEPORT HAS ISSUED A

* FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR...
  OUACHITA PARISH IN NORTH CENTRAL LOUISIANA...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITIES OF...WEST MONROE...SWARTZ...MONROE...
  CLAIBORNE...BROWNSVILLE-BAWCOMVILLE...

* UNTIL 1230 PM CDT

* AT 936 AM CDT...LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS CONTINUE TO REPORT 
  FLASH FLOODING FROM A LARGE AREA OF MODERATE RAIN WITH EMBEDDED 
  THUNDERSTORMS OVER THE WARNED AREA. SEVERAL COCORAHS OBSERVERS IN 
  MONROE AND WEST MONROE HAVE REPORTED FOUR TO SEVEN INCHES OF RAIN 
  ACROSS THESE CITIES THIS MORNING...ALTHOUGH RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS 
  DIMINISH FARTHER EAST ACROSS EAST MONROE NEAR THE MONROE REGIONAL 
  AIRPORT...WHICH HAS RECORDED 2.20 INCHES OF RAIN SINCE 3 AM. 
  RAINFALL INTENSITIES ARE BEGINNING TO DIMINISH SOME ACROSS OUACHITA 
  PARISH THIS MORNING...WITH HOURLY RAINFALL RATES BETWEEN A THIRD AND 
  HALF AN INCH. HOWEVER...EMBEDDED HEAVY DOWNPOURS WILL REMAIN 
  POSSIBLE...AS ADDITIONAL RAIN AND EMBEDDED THUNDERSTORMS DEVELOP   
  OVER SOUTHCENTRAL ARKANSAS...AND TRAIN SOUTHEAST OVER THE SAME     
  AREAS. MANY ROADWAYS THROUGHOUT THE PARISH ARE FLOODED...SOME OF   
  WHICH REMAIN CLOSED AT THIS TIME. CONDITIONS WILL BE SLOW TO       
  IMPROVE THROUGH MIDDAY. 

* LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO STERLINGTON

ADDITIONAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF ONE TO TWO INCHES ARE POSSIBLE IN THE 
WARNED AREA THROUGH 1230 PM. 

EXCESSIVE RUNOFF FROM HEAVY RAINFALL WILL CAUSE FLOODING OF SMALL
CREEKS AND STREAMS...HIGHWAYS AND UNDERPASSES. ADDITIONALLY...COUNTRY
ROADS AND FARMLANDS ALONG THE BANKS OF CREEKS...STREAMS AND OTHER LOW
LYING AREAS ARE SUBJECT TO FLOODING.

MOST FLOOD DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. NEVER DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE INTO
AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE ROADWAY. FLOOD WATERS ARE USUALLY
DEEPER THAN THEY APPEAR. JUST ONE FOOT OF FLOWING WATER IS POWERFUL
ENOUGH TO SWEEP VEHICLES OFF THE ROAD. WHEN ENCOUNTERING FLOODED
ROADS MAKE THE SMART CHOICE...TURN AROUND...DONT DROWN.

A FLASH FLOOD WARNING MEANS THAT FLOODING IS IMMINENT OR OCCURRING.
IF YOU ARE IN THE WARNING AREA MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND IMMEDIATELY.
RESIDENTS LIVING ALONG STREAMS AND CREEKS SHOULD TAKE IMMEDIATE
PRECAUTIONS TO PROTECT LIFE AND PROPERTY. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CROSS
SWIFTLY FLOWING WATERS OR WATERS OF UNKNOWN DEPTH BY FOOT OR BY
AUTOMOBILE.

TO REPORT FLOODING...HAVE THE NEAREST LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY RELAY
YOUR REPORT TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FORECAST OFFICE IN
SHREVEPORT.

LAT...LON 3244 9195 3239 9199 3232 9200 3228 9202
      3228 9229 3232 9230 3241 9240 3258 9241
      3260 9221 3271 9205 3271 9196 3265 9191
      3253 9191

$$

15

1 follow-up statement

000 
WGUS74 KSHV 111657
FFSSHV

FLASH FLOOD STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
1157 AM CDT MON AUG 11 2008

LAC073-111730-
/O.CON.KSHV.FF.W.0045.000000T0000Z-080811T1730Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
OUACHITA LA-
1157 AM CDT MON AUG 11 2008

...A FLASH FLOOD WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1230 PM CDT FOR
OUACHITA PARISH...

AT 1152 AM CDT...THE OUACHITA PARISH EMERGENCY MANAGER AND LOCAL LAW 
ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS CONTINUED TO REPORT FLASH FLOODING OVER THE 
WARNED AREA.

ALTHOUGH THE RAIN HAS ENDED ACROSS OUACHITA PARISH...NUMEROUS ROADS 
REMAIN FLOODED...SOME OF WHICH ARE CLOSED. HOMES HAVE BEEN FLOODED 
IN THE COMMUNITY OF BAWCOMVILLE. COCORAHS OBSERVERS THROUGHOUT THE 
PARISH HAVE REPORTED FOUR TO SEVEN PLUS INCHES OF RAIN SO FAR THIS 
MORNING ACROSS WEST MONROE AND MONROE. DESPITE LITTLE ADDITIONAL 
RAINFALL EXPECTED THROUGH 1230 PM...THE FLOODWATERS WILL TAKE TIME 
TO RECEDE AND DRAIN. MOTORISTS ARE URGED TO DRIVE WITH EXTREME 
CAUTION WHEN APPROACHING HIGH WATER. 

LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO WEST
MONROE...SWARTZ...STERLINGTON...MONROE...CLAIBORNE AND
BROWNSVILLE-BAWCOMVILLE

EXCESSIVE RUNOFF FROM HEAVY RAINFALL WILL CAUSE FLOODING OF SMALL
CREEKS AND STREAMS...HIGHWAYS AND UNDERPASSES. ADDITIONALLY...COUNTRY
ROADS AND FARMLANDS ALONG THE BANKS OF CREEKS...STREAMS AND OTHER LOW
LYING AREAS ARE SUBJECT TO FLOODING.

MOST FLOOD DEATHS OCCUR IN AUTOMOBILES. NEVER DRIVE YOUR VEHICLE INTO
AREAS WHERE THE WATER COVERS THE ROADWAY. FLOOD WATERS ARE USUALLY
DEEPER THAN THEY APPEAR. JUST ONE FOOT OF FLOWING WATER IS POWERFUL
ENOUGH TO SWEEP VEHICLES OFF THE ROAD. WHEN ENCOUNTERING FLOODED
ROADS MAKE THE SMART CHOICE...TURN AROUND...DONT DROWN.

A FLASH FLOOD WARNING MEANS THAT FLOODING IS IMMINENT OR OCCURRING.
IF YOU ARE IN THE WARNING AREA MOVE TO HIGHER GROUND IMMEDIATELY.
RESIDENTS LIVING ALONG STREAMS AND CREEKS SHOULD TAKE IMMEDIATE
PRECAUTIONS TO PROTECT LIFE AND PROPERTY. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CROSS
SWIFTLY FLOWING WATERS OR WATERS OF UNKNOWN DEPTH BY FOOT OR BY
AUTOMOBILE.

LAT...LON 3244 9195 3239 9199 3232 9200 3228 9202
      3228 9229 3232 9230 3241 9240 3258 9241
      3260 9221 3271 9205 3271 9196 3265 9191
      3253 9191

$$

15

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Shreveport, LA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Aug 11, 2:55 AM CDT, 6 hours 49 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Aug 11, 2:55 AM CDT, 6 hours 49 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
255 AM CDT MON AUG 11 2008

.DISCUSSION...

WATER VAPOR IMAGERY SHOWS ELONGATED UPPER RIDGE CENTERED OVER
BAJA/SONORA...ALLOWING FOR NW FLOW ALOFT FM THE TEXAS PANHANDLE THRU
THE FOUR-STATE AREA.  A LARGE...DECAYING MCS WAS NOTED OVER KLBB AND
VICINITY...WHILE CLOSER TO HOME...ANOTHER WAS DEVELOPING OVER SE OK
TO BRING IN THE NEXT SHOT OF RAIN.  24-HR MPE ESTIMATES NOTE THAT
THE BULK OF HEAVIEST PRECIP FELL JUST NE OF THE CWA IN AR...ALSO
REFLECTED IN THE LATEST FFG.  THUS...WE/LL AGAIN HOLD OFF ON ISSUING
A FLASH FLOOD WATCH FOR NOW.  REPEATED MCS DEVELOPMENT HAS MADE THE
GFS SOMEWHAT NOISY...BUT LATEST RUN HINTS AT A SECOND ONE DEVELOPING
AGAIN TONIGHT AND FOLLOWING THE FIRST...SO DAY SHIFT WILL NEED TO
RE-ASSESS THE POTENTIAL FOR A WATCH THEN.  STILL...00Z KSHV RAOB
SHOWED AMS WELL ON ITS WAY TO SATURATION...AND FCST SOUNDINGS SHOW
PWATS MAXING OUT AT AROUND 2.7IN IN NW LA LATE TONIGHT...SO WE/LL
CONTINUE MENTIONING HEAVY RAINFALL IN THE GRIDS THRU TUESDAY MORNING
WHEN SECOND PROGGED MCS EXITS.  OTHERWISE...WEDNESDAY STILL LOOKS
DRY...SAME FOR MAYBE SOME LINGERING ACTIVITY TO THE SOUTH ON
RESIDUAL BOUNDARIES.  THURSDAY...LARGE TROUGH BEGINS DIGGING INTO
THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...W/SUBTLE SHORTWAVES PRECEDING IT...AND PUSHES
A FRONT THRU THE AREA LATE FRIDAY/EARLY SATURDAY.  FCST
SOUNDINGS/SHEAR PROGS ALONG THE FRONT SUGGEST FRIDAY NIGHT COULD SEE
A FEW SEVERE STORMS...BUT THAT CAN BE FURTHER ASSESSED AS THE WEEK
PROGRESSES.  OTHERWISE...TEMPS WILL BE TRICKY AGAIN TODAY...BUT THE
LOWER SIDE OF GUIDANCE LOOKS REASONABLE THRU WEDNESDAY...W/MAYBE A
BRIEF WARMUP THURSDAY BEFORE INCOMING TROUGH/FRONT TAKES TEMPS BACK
BELOW NORMAL FOR FRIDAY AND THE WEEKEND.

&&

.AVIATION...

NW FLOW ALOFT ALLOWING CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS TO ROLL INTO AREA. SFC
FRONTAL BOUNDARY OVER AREA NEAR I 20. S WINDS S OF FRONT...E WINDS N
OF FRONT. SHOWERS AND ISOLATED THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE THROUGH
12/06Z. EXPECT MVFR CONDITIONS WITH MORNING PRECIP...PROBABLY VFR
DURING MIDDAY THROUGH EVENING PRECIP. ALSO THIS MORNING WILL SEE
PATCHY IFR CIGS. PRECIP AREA ATTM MAINLY N OF A LINE FROM
CLARKSVILLE TX TO SHV TO AEX. THIS PRECIP AREA WILL GRADUALLY PUSH
SOUTHWARD THROUGH THE DAY. /17/

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
SHV  83  73  86  71  90 / 100  60  80   0  10
MLU  80  71  82  69  91 / 100  60  90  30  10
DEQ  80  70  88  65  90 / 100  60  40   0   0
TXK  80  71  87  69  90 / 100  70  60   0   0
ELD  78  70  84  65  87 / 100  80  70   0   0
TYR  87  75  88  71  89 /  60  60  50   0   0
GGG  87  74  86  69  88 /  70  60  60   0   0
LFK  92  75  88  73  89 /  60  60  70  20  10

&&

.SHV WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
AR...NONE.
LA...NONE.
OK...NONE.
TX...NONE.
&&

17/44

Hazardous weather outlook, Aug 11, 6:00 AM CDT, 3 hours 44 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
600 AM CDT MON AUG 11 2008

ARZ050-051-059>061-070>073-LAZ001>006-010>014-017>022-OKZ077-TXZ096-
097-108>112-124>126-136>138-149>153-165>167-111700-
ANGELINA-BIENVILLE-BOSSIER-BOWIE-CADDO-CALDWELL-CAMP-CASS-CHEROKEE-
CLAIBORNE-COLUMBIA-DE SOTO-FRANKLIN-GRANT-GREGG-HARRISON-HEMPSTEAD-
HOWARD-JACKSON-LA SALLE-LAFAYETTE-LINCOLN-LITTLE RIVER-MARION-
MCCURTAIN-MILLER-MORRIS-NACOGDOCHES-NATCHITOCHES-NEVADA-OUACHITA-
PANOLA-RED RIVER LA-RED RIVER TX-RUSK-SABINE LA-SABINE TX-
SAN AUGUSTINE-SEVIER-SHELBY-SMITH-TITUS-UNION AR-UNION LA-UPSHUR-
WEBSTER-WINN-WOOD-
600 AM CDT MON AUG 11 2008

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR SOUTHEAST
OKLAHOMA...SOUTHWEST ARKANSAS...NORTHEAST AND DEEP EAST TEXAS...AND
FOR NORTHWEST AND NORTH CENTRAL LOUISIANA.

.DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT...

THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE LIKELY TODAY AND TONIGHT.  ANY THUNDERSTORMS
THAT DO DEVELOP WILL BE ACCOMPANIED BY HEAVY RAINFALL AND FREQUENT
LIGHTNING.  SOME LOCATIONS IN SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA...SOUTHWEST
ARKANSAS...AND NORTH CENTRAL LOUISIANA COULD RECIEVE 3 TO 4 INCHES OF
RAINFALL BY TUESDAY MORNING...WILL ISOLATED AMOUNTS OF 5 INCHES.
HEAVY RAINFALL MAY AT TIMES LEAD TO PONDING ON ROADWAYS. OTHERWISE...
NO HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...TUESDAY THROUGH SUNDAY...

A SERIES OF UPPER LEVEL DISTURBANCES WILL CONTINUE TO MOVE TO THE
SOUTHEAST THROUGH THE SOUTHERN PLAINS TUESDAY.  AS A RESULT...
THUNDERSTORMS WILL REMAIN LIKELY AT TIMES TUESDAY...BEFORE
TAPERING OFF TUESDAY EVENING.  ANY THUNDERSTORMS THAT DO DEVELOP WILL
BE ACCOMPANIED BY FREQUENT LIGHTNING AND VERY HEAVY RAINFALL.  BY
TUESDAY...SOILS MAY BE SATURATED ENOUGH TO RESULT IN A FLASH FLOOD
THREAT FROM ANY ADDITIONAL RAINFALL...ESPECIALLY IN SOUTHEAST
OKLAHOMA...SOUTHWEST ARKANSAS...AND NORTH CENTRAL LOUISIANA.  HEAVY
RAINFALL MAY LEAD TO PONDING ON ROADWAYS AT TIMES.  OTHERWISE...NO
HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

STORM SPOTTER...HAM RADIO OPERATOR...AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
ACTIVATION SHOULD NOT BE NEEDED TODAY OR TONIGHT.

44

In the hours before

Local storm report, Aug 11, 6:59 AM CDT, 2 hours 45 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
659 AM CDT MON AUG 11 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0615 AM     HEAVY RAIN       2 WNW MONROE            32.52N 92.12W
08/11/2008  M5.25 INCH       OUACHITA           LA   TRAINED SPOTTER

            OCCURRED IN PAST 6 HOURS. FLOODING LOCALIZED TO BACKED-UP
            STORM SEWERS AND YARD FLOODING.

&&

JD

Local storm report, Aug 11, 7:00 AM CDT, 2 hours 44 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
700 AM CDT MON AUG 11 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0652 AM     FLASH FLOOD      MONROE                  32.51N 92.08W
08/11/2008                   OUACHITA           LA   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            SHERIFFS OFFICE REPORTS NUMEROUS ROADWAYS FLOODED.

&&

JD

Local storm report, Aug 11, 7:44 AM CDT, 2 hours before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SHREVEPORT LA
744 AM CDT MON AUG 11 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0742 AM     FLASH FLOOD      MAGNOLIA                33.27N 93.24W
08/11/2008                   COLUMBIA           AR   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            FLOODING OCCURRING IN MAGNOLIA AND NEARBY COMMUNITIES.

0715 AM     FLASH FLOOD      MAGNOLIA                33.27N 93.24W
08/11/2008                   COLUMBIA           AR   BROADCAST MEDIA

            VIEWER REPORTING HEAVY RAIN AND FLASH FLOODING.

&&

17

The office that day

Everything else NWS Shreveport, LA issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Aug 11, 4:49 AM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	SHV	Caldwell, Ouachita	3 hr
Aug 11, 6:42 AM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	SHV	Caldwell, Ouachita	3 hr
Aug 11, 7:16 AM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	SHV	Claiborne	3 hr
Aug 11, 7:36 AM CDT	Flash Flood Warning	SHV	Claiborne, Lincoln, Ouachita, Union	3 hr
Aug 11, 10:00 AM CDT	Flash Flood Watch	SHV	Bienville, Bossier, Caddo, Caldwell, Claiborne, De Soto and 10 more	29 hr
Aug 11, 1:56 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	SHV	Webster	64 min
Aug 11, 2:31 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	SHV	Claiborne	59 min
Aug 11, 3:16 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Bienville, Claiborne, Webster	59 min
Aug 11, 4:03 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Bienville	57 min
Aug 11, 5:00 PM CDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	SHV	Bienville, Jackson, Natchitoches, Winn	60 min
Aug 11, 5:52 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	SHV	Winn	53 min
Aug 11, 6:43 PM CDT	Special Weather Statement	SHV	LaSalle	62 min

Nearby

Flash Flood Warnings in Louisiana, 2008 Every flash flood warning in 2008

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.