Alert archive / Mississippi / Tornado Warnings in 2008
Tornado Warning 13, NWS Jackson, MS
NWS Jackson, MS issued this tornado warning at Jan 10, 2008, 12:06 PM CST for Hinds County, Madison County, Rankin County, Mississippi. It was in force for 54 min. 8 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Jan 10, 2008, 12:06 PM CST (18:06 UTC)
- Expired
- Jan 10, 2008, 1:00 PM CST
- In force
- 54 min
- Issued by
- NWS Jackson, MS
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
Counties Hinds County, MS, Madison County, MS, Rankin County, MS
The radar
The Jackson/Brandon,MS radar (KDGX), 23 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 18:09 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 10, 12:15 PM CST | HAIL 0.75 | Jackson, MS | PENNY SIZE HAIL REPORTED ON THE NORTHWEST SIDE OF JACKSON. |
| Jan 10, 12:22 PM CST | HAIL 1 | 2 W Madison, MS | QUARTER SIZE HAIL REPORTED. |
| Jan 10, 12:25 PM CST | HAIL 1.75 | 1 W Madison, MS | ON HWY 51. |
| Jan 10, 12:27 PM CST | HAIL 2.75 | 4 E Madison, MS | BASEBALL HAIL FELL IN NORTH BAY SUBDIVISION. REPORT STATED THAT 70 PERCENT WAS QUARTER SIZED, 10 PERCENT GOLF BALL, AND 10 PERCENT BASEBALL SIZED. |
| Jan 10, 12:27 PM CST | HAIL 2.75 | Ridgeland, MS | AT THE TRACE. |
| Jan 10, 12:39 PM CST | TORNADO 0 | 2 N Fannin, MS | SEVERAL LARGE PINE TREES WERE SNAPPED. A TREE FELL ON HIGHWAY 471, AND THE TORNADO WAS ESTIMATED AT 40 YARDS WIDE AND ABOUT A MILE AND A HALF LONG. RATED AS AN EF0. |
| Jan 10, 12:40 PM CST | HAIL 1 | Goshen Springs, MS | AT HWY 43 AND THE RESERVOIR. |
| Jan 10, 12:45 PM CST | TORNADO | 2 N Fannin, MS | SEVERAL LARGE PINE TREES WERE SNAPPED. A TREE FELL ON HIGHWAY 471, AND THE TORNADO WAS ESTIMATED AT 40 YARDS WIDE AND ABOUT A MILE AND A HALF LONG. RATED AS AN EF0. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
The watch it was issued in
The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.
| Issued | Product | Office | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 10, 7:46 AM CST | Tornado Watch | SPC | 8 hr |
The nearest sounding before it
Jackson, MS (KJAN), launched 12:00Z, 6.1 hours before the alert went out and 14 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 315 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -8 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 592 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 44 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 193 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 189 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.2
- Supercell composite
- 1.3
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
000
WFUS54 KJAN 101806
TORJAN
MSC049-089-121-101900-
/O.NEW.KJAN.TO.W.0013.080110T1806Z-080110T1900Z/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
TORNADO WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1206 PM CST THU JAN 10 2008
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN JACKSON HAS ISSUED A
* TORNADO WARNING FOR...
NORTHEASTERN HINDS COUNTY IN CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...
THIS INCLUDES THE CITIES OF...JACKSON...CLINTON...
SOUTHERN MADISON COUNTY IN CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...
THIS INCLUDES THE CITIES OF...RIDGELAND...MADISON...
NORTHERN RANKIN COUNTY IN CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI...
THIS INCLUDES THE CITIES OF...RICHLAND...PEARL...FLOWOOD...
BRANDON...
* UNTIL 100 PM CST
* AT 1206 PM CST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS DETECTED A
TORNADO NEAR CLINTON...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 50 MPH.
* THE TORNADO WILL BE NEAR...
FLOWOOD BY 1215 PM CST...
RIDGELAND AND FLOWOOD BY 1220 PM CST...
MADISON AND GLUCKSTADT BY 1225 PM CST...
FANNIN BY 1230 PM CST...
GOSHEN SPRINGS BY 1235 PM CST...
PISGAH BY 1240 PM CST...
IN ADDITION TO THE TORNADO...THIS STORM IS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING
QUARTER SIZE HAIL AND DESTRUCTIVE STRAIGHT LINE WINDS.
THE SAFEST PLACE TO BE DURING A TORNADO IS IN A BASEMENT. GET UNDER A
WORKBENCH OR OTHER PIECE OF STURDY FURNITURE. IF NO BASEMENT IS
AVAILABLE...SEEK SHELTER ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF THE BUILDING IN AN
INTERIOR HALLWAY OR ROOM SUCH AS A CLOSET. USE BLANKETS OR PILLOWS TO
COVER YOUR BODY AND ALWAYS STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS.
IF IN MOBILE HOMES OR VEHICLES...EVACUATE THEM AND GET INSIDE A
SUBSTANTIAL SHELTER. IF NO SHELTER IS AVAILABLE...LIE FLAT IN THE
NEAREST DITCH OR OTHER LOW SPOT AND COVER YOUR HEAD WITH YOUR HANDS.
LAT...LON 3252 9030 3265 9016 3256 8983 3228 8972
3215 9030 3236 9047
TIME...MOT...LOC 1806Z 237DEG 43KT 3232 9029
$$
OLB5 follow-up statements
000
WWUS54 KJAN 101816
SVSJAN
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1215 PM CST THU JAN 10 2008
MSC049-089-121-101900-
/O.CON.KJAN.TO.W.0013.000000T0000Z-080110T1900Z/
HINDS MS-RANKIN MS-MADISON MS-
1215 PM CST THU JAN 10 2008
...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 100 PM CST FOR SOUTHERN
MADISON...NORTHERN RANKIN AND NORTHEASTERN HINDS COUNTIES...
AT 1215 PM CST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE
TRACKING A TORNADO NEAR JACKSON...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 50 MPH.
THE TORNADO WILL BE NEAR...
MADISON...RIDGELAND AND ANNANDALE BY 1220 PM CST...
MADISON...GLUCKSTADT AND 9 MILES NORTHWEST OF FANNIN BY 1225 PM
CST...
8 MILES NORTHWEST OF GOSHEN SPRINGS BY 1230 PM CST...
IN ADDITION TO THE TORNADO...THIS STORM IS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING
QUARTER SIZE HAIL AND DESTRUCTIVE STRAIGHT LINE WINDS.
THE SAFEST PLACE TO BE DURING A TORNADO IS IN A BASEMENT. GET UNDER A
WORKBENCH OR OTHER PIECE OF STURDY FURNITURE. IF NO BASEMENT IS
AVAILABLE...SEEK SHELTER ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF THE BUILDING IN AN
INTERIOR HALLWAY OR ROOM SUCH AS A CLOSET. USE BLANKETS OR PILLOWS TO
COVER YOUR BODY AND ALWAYS STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS.
IF IN MOBILE HOMES OR VEHICLES...EVACUATE THEM AND GET INSIDE A
SUBSTANTIAL SHELTER. IF NO SHELTER IS AVAILABLE...LIE FLAT IN THE
NEAREST DITCH OR OTHER LOW SPOT AND COVER YOUR HEAD WITH YOUR HANDS.
LAT...LON 3252 9030 3265 9016 3256 8983 3228 8972
3215 9030 3236 9047
TIME...MOT...LOC 1815Z 222DEG 46KT 3240 9019
$$
OLB000
WWUS54 KJAN 101822 RRA
SVSJAN
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1223 PM CST THU JAN 10 2008
MSC049-089-121-101900-
/O.CON.KJAN.TO.W.0013.000000T0000Z-080110T1900Z/
HINDS MS-RANKIN MS-MADISON MS-
1223 PM CST THU JAN 10 2008
...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 100 PM CST FOR SOUTHERN
MADISON...NORTHERN RANKIN AND NORTHEASTERN HINDS COUNTIES...
AT 1223 PM CST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE
TRACKING A TORNADO. THIS TORNADO WAS LOCATED NEAR RIDGELAND...MOVING
NORTHEAST AT 40 MPH.
THE TORNADO WILL BE NEAR...
GLUCKSTADT BY 1230 PM CST...
7 MILES NORTHWEST OF FANNIN BY 1235 PM CST...
GOSHEN SPRINGS BY 1240 PM CST...
7 MILES NORTHWEST OF PISGAH BY 1245 PM CST...
IN ADDITION TO THE TORNADO...THIS STORM IS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING
QUARTER SIZE HAIL AND DESTRUCTIVE STRAIGHT LINE WINDS.
THE SAFEST PLACE TO BE DURING A TORNADO IS IN A BASEMENT. GET UNDER A
WORKBENCH OR OTHER PIECE OF STURDY FURNITURE. IF NO BASEMENT IS
AVAILABLE...SEEK SHELTER ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF THE BUILDING IN AN
INTERIOR HALLWAY OR ROOM SUCH AS A CLOSET. USE BLANKETS OR PILLOWS TO
COVER YOUR BODY AND ALWAYS STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS.
IF IN MOBILE HOMES OR VEHICLES...EVACUATE THEM AND GET INSIDE A
SUBSTANTIAL SHELTER. IF NO SHELTER IS AVAILABLE...LIE FLAT IN THE
NEAREST DITCH OR OTHER LOW SPOT AND COVER YOUR HEAD WITH YOUR HANDS.
LAT...LON 3252 9030 3265 9016 3256 8983 3242 8981
3230 9015 3249 9032
TIME...MOT...LOC 1823Z 233DEG 35KT 3243 9013
$$
OLB000
WWUS54 KJAN 101829
SVSJAN
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1228 PM CST THU JAN 10 2008
MSC049-089-121-101900-
/O.CON.KJAN.TO.W.0013.000000T0000Z-080110T1900Z/
HINDS MS-RANKIN MS-MADISON MS-
1228 PM CST THU JAN 10 2008
...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 100 PM CST FOR SOUTHERN
MADISON...NORTHERN RANKIN AND NORTHEASTERN HINDS COUNTIES...
AT 1228 PM CST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE
TRACKING A TORNADO. THIS TORNADO WAS LOCATED NEAR MADISON...MOVING
NORTHEAST AT 40 MPH. BASEBALL SIZED HAIL HAS BEEN REPORTED WITH THIS
STORM.
THE TORNADO WILL BE NEAR...
7 MILES NORTHWEST OF FANNIN BY 1235 PM CST...
GOSHEN SPRINGS BY 1240 PM CST...
7 MILES NORTHWEST OF PISGAH BY 1245 PM CST...
THE SAFEST PLACE TO BE DURING A TORNADO IS IN A BASEMENT. GET UNDER A
WORKBENCH OR OTHER PIECE OF STURDY FURNITURE. IF NO BASEMENT IS
AVAILABLE...SEEK SHELTER ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF THE BUILDING IN AN
INTERIOR HALLWAY OR ROOM SUCH AS A CLOSET. USE BLANKETS OR PILLOWS TO
COVER YOUR BODY AND ALWAYS STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS.
IF IN MOBILE HOMES OR VEHICLES...EVACUATE THEM AND GET INSIDE A
SUBSTANTIAL SHELTER. IF NO SHELTER IS AVAILABLE...LIE FLAT IN THE
NEAREST DITCH OR OTHER LOW SPOT AND COVER YOUR HEAD WITH YOUR HANDS.
LAT...LON 3252 9030 3265 9016 3256 8983 3242 8981
3230 9015 3249 9032
TIME...MOT...LOC 1828Z 233DEG 35KT 3246 9008
$$
OLB000
WWUS54 KJAN 101835
SVSJAN
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1235 PM CST THU JAN 10 2008
MSC049-089-121-101900-
/O.CON.KJAN.TO.W.0013.000000T0000Z-080110T1900Z/
HINDS MS-RANKIN MS-MADISON MS-
1235 PM CST THU JAN 10 2008
...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 100 PM CST FOR SOUTHERN
MADISON...NORTHERN RANKIN AND NORTHEASTERN HINDS COUNTIES...
AT 1235 PM CST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE
TRACKING A TORNADO. THIS TORNADO WAS LOCATED NEAR MADISON...MOVING
EAST AT 40 MPH INTO NORTHERN RANKIN COUNTY.
THE TORNADO WILL BE NEAR...
GOSHEN SPRINGS BY 1240 PM CST...
PISGAH BY 1245 PM CST...
IN ADDITION TO THE TORNADO...THIS STORM IS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING
BASEBALL SIZE HAIL AND DESTRUCTIVE STRAIGHT LINE WINDS.
THE SAFEST PLACE TO BE DURING A TORNADO IS IN A BASEMENT. GET UNDER A
WORKBENCH OR OTHER PIECE OF STURDY FURNITURE. IF NO BASEMENT IS
AVAILABLE...SEEK SHELTER ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF THE BUILDING IN AN
INTERIOR HALLWAY OR ROOM SUCH AS A CLOSET. USE BLANKETS OR PILLOWS TO
COVER YOUR BODY AND ALWAYS STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS.
IF IN MOBILE HOMES OR VEHICLES...EVACUATE THEM AND GET INSIDE A
SUBSTANTIAL SHELTER. IF NO SHELTER IS AVAILABLE...LIE FLAT IN THE
NEAREST DITCH OR OTHER LOW SPOT AND COVER YOUR HEAD WITH YOUR HANDS.
LAT...LON 3252 9030 3265 9016 3256 8983 3242 8981
3230 9015 3249 9032
TIME...MOT...LOC 1835Z 251DEG 37KT 3245 8999
$$
OLB000
WWUS54 KJAN 101841
SVSJAN
SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE JACKSON MS
1241 PM CST THU JAN 10 2008
MSC049-101851-
/O.CAN.KJAN.TO.W.0013.000000T0000Z-080110T1900Z/
HINDS MS-
1241 PM CST THU JAN 10 2008
...THE TORNADO WARNING FOR NORTHEASTERN HINDS COUNTY IS CANCELLED...
LAT...LON 3235 9001 3250 9017 3261 9002 3261 8999
3259 8999 3260 8997 3256 8983 3242 8981
TIME...MOT...LOC 1841Z 245DEG 42KT 3249 8990
$$
MSC089-121-101900-
/O.CON.KJAN.TO.W.0013.000000T0000Z-080110T1900Z/
RANKIN MS-MADISON MS-
1241 PM CST THU JAN 10 2008
...A TORNADO WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 100 PM CST FOR SOUTHERN
MADISON AND NORTHERN RANKIN COUNTIES...
AT 1241 PM CST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE METEOROLOGISTS WERE
TRACKING A TORNADO. THIS TORNADO WAS LOCATED NEAR GOSHEN SPRINGS...
OR ABOUT 11 MILES EAST OF MADISON...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 45 MPH.
IN ADDITION TO THE TORNADO...THIS STORM IS CAPABLE OF PRODUCING
BASEBALL SIZE HAIL AND DESTRUCTIVE STRAIGHT LINE WINDS.
THE SAFEST PLACE TO BE DURING A TORNADO IS IN A BASEMENT. GET UNDER A
WORKBENCH OR OTHER PIECE OF STURDY FURNITURE. IF NO BASEMENT IS
AVAILABLE...SEEK SHELTER ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF THE BUILDING IN AN
INTERIOR HALLWAY OR ROOM SUCH AS A CLOSET. USE BLANKETS OR PILLOWS TO
COVER YOUR BODY AND ALWAYS STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS.
IF IN MOBILE HOMES OR VEHICLES...EVACUATE THEM AND GET INSIDE A
SUBSTANTIAL SHELTER. IF NO SHELTER IS AVAILABLE...LIE FLAT IN THE
NEAREST DITCH OR OTHER LOW SPOT AND COVER YOUR HEAD WITH YOUR HANDS.
LAT...LON 3235 9001 3250 9017 3261 9002 3261 8999
3259 8999 3260 8997 3256 8983 3242 8981
TIME...MOT...LOC 1841Z 245DEG 42KT 3249 8990
$$
OLBThe office that day
Everything else NWS Jackson, MS issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan 10, 10:15 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Issaquena, Warren | 45 min |
| Jan 10, 10:41 AM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Claiborne, Jefferson | 49 min |
| Jan 10, 10:43 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Sharkey, Yazoo | 62 min |
| Jan 10, 11:06 AM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Yazoo | 54 min |
| Jan 10, 11:11 AM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Copiah, Lincoln | 64 min |
| Jan 10, 11:18 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Warren | 27 min |
| Jan 10, 11:24 AM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Copiah, Hinds | 66 min |
| Jan 10, 11:29 AM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Claiborne | 14 min |
| Jan 10, 11:41 AM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Attala, Holmes, Leake, Madison | 64 min |
| Jan 10, 11:44 AM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Simpson | 46 min |
| Jan 10, 11:52 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Hinds, Madison, Rankin | 53 min |
| Jan 10, 11:55 AM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Jefferson Davis, Lawrence, Marion | 80 min |
| Jan 10, 12:15 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Rankin, Simpson, Smith | 45 min |
| Jan 10, 12:26 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Attala, Choctaw, Oktibbeha, Winston | 49 min |
| Jan 10, 12:40 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Marion | 50 min |
| Jan 10, 12:49 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Claiborne, Jefferson | 41 min |
| Jan 10, 12:50 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Attala, Holmes | 55 min |
| Jan 10, 12:50 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Leake, Madison, Rankin, Scott | 55 min |
| Jan 10, 12:58 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Oktibbeha | 47 min |
| Jan 10, 1:06 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Covington, Jones | 39 min |
| Jan 10, 1:18 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Lamar, Marion | 42 min |
| Jan 10, 1:22 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Claiborne, Copiah, Hinds | 38 min |
| Jan 10, 1:22 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Jefferson Davis, Lawrence | 53 min |
| Jan 10, 1:23 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Rankin | 52 min |
| Jan 10, 1:30 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Leake, Neshoba, Winston | 39 min |
| Jan 10, 1:31 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Covington, Lamar, Marion | 44 min |
| Jan 10, 1:32 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Clay, Lowndes | 43 min |
| Jan 10, 1:38 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Rankin | 38 min |
| Jan 10, 1:43 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Forrest, Lamar | 62 min |
| Jan 10, 1:51 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Covington, Forrest, Jones, Lamar | 54 min |
| Jan 10, 1:55 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Clarke, Jasper | 50 min |
| Jan 10, 1:59 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Covington, Jefferson Davis | 46 min |
| Jan 10, 2:12 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Lowndes | 22 min |
| Jan 10, 2:25 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Jefferson Davis, Lawrence, Marion | 35 min |
| Jan 10, 2:27 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Noxubee | 48 min |
| Jan 10, 2:32 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Noxubee | 43 min |
| Jan 10, 2:39 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Jones | 36 min |
| Jan 10, 2:40 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Covington, Jasper, Jones, Smith | 35 min |
| Jan 10, 2:44 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Clarke | 46 min |
| Jan 10, 2:49 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Jones | 26 min |
| Jan 10, 2:58 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Covington, Jefferson Davis, Jones | 47 min |
| Jan 10, 3:15 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Marion | 15 min |
| Jan 10, 3:18 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Covington, Jasper, Jones, Smith | 42 min |
| Jan 10, 3:44 PM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Covington, Jones | 2 hr |
| Jan 10, 3:44 PM CST | Flash Flood Warning | JAN | Covington, Jones | 2 hr |
| Jan 10, 3:45 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Jones | 45 min |
| Jan 10, 3:50 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Clarke | 40 min |
| Jan 10, 4:05 PM CST | Tornado Warning | JAN | Clarke | 25 min |
| Jan 10, 4:06 PM CST | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | JAN | Lamar | 20 min |
Nearby
Tornado Warnings in Mississippi, 2008Every tornado warning in 2008Tornadoes in 2008
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.