Alert archive / Michigan / Flash Flood Warnings in 2008
Flash Flood Warning 26, NWS Northern Indiana
NWS Northern Indiana issued this flash flood warning at Sep 13, 2008, 6:51 AM EDT for Berrien County, Cass County, Michigan. It was in force for 4 hr. 4 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.
The area
The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.
The facts
- Issued
- Sep 13, 2008, 6:51 AM EDT (10:51 UTC)
- Expired
- Sep 13, 2008, 10:45 AM EDT
- In force
- 4 hr
- Issued by
- NWS Northern Indiana
- Area
- Storm-based polygon
- Flood severity
- None
Counties Berrien County, MI, Cass County, MI
The radar
The Northern Indiana radar (KIWX), 88 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 10:54 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.
Open the radar archive at this moment
The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.
What was reported inside it
| Time | Report | Where | Remark |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sep 13, 8:00 AM EDT | HEAVY RAIN 2.9 | Niles, MI | OVERNIGHT RAINFALL THROUGH 8 AM EDT. |
| Sep 13, 9:59 AM EDT | HEAVY RAIN 4.6 | Niles, MI | 4.6 INCHES OF RAIN SINCE 6PM FRIDAY |
| Sep 13, 10:00 AM EDT | FLASH FLOOD | 1 Wsw New Troy, MI | *** 1 FATAL *** TIME OF EVENT UNKOWN. 76 YEAR OLD MALE DROWNED NEAR INTERSECTION OF MINNICH AND HANOVER ROADS. GALIEN RIVER OUT OF ITS BANKS DUE TO HEAVY RAINFALL RATES. LAW ENFORCEMENT ESTIMATE DEPTH OF WATER NEAR 5 FEET DEEP AT THE CREST OF FLOOD EVENT. 3 DA |
| Sep 13, 10:30 AM EDT | HEAVY RAIN 4.25 | Cassopolis, MI | OVERNIGHT RAINFALL THROUGH 10 AM EDT. |
Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.
Did it verify
Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched one storm report to this flash flood warning; the first came 189 minutes after it went out.
Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.
The nearest sounding before it
Lincoln, IL (KILX), launched 00:00Z, 10.9 hours before the alert went out and 257 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.
- Mixed-layer CAPE
- 197 J/kg
- Mixed-layer CIN
- -60 J/kg
- Mixed-layer LCL
- 604 m above ground
- 0-6 km bulk shear
- 49 kt
- 0-1 km storm-relative helicity
- 156 m²/s²
- 0-3 km storm-relative helicity
- 231 m²/s²
- Significant tornado parameter
- 0.0
- Supercell composite
- 0.3
The text
As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.
000
WGUS53 KIWX 131051
FFWIWX
MIC021-027-131445-
/O.NEW.KIWX.FF.W.0026.080913T1051Z-080913T1445Z/
/00000.0.ER.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.000000T0000Z.OO/
BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
FLASH FLOOD WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
651 AM EDT SAT SEP 13 2008
THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN NORTHERN INDIANA HAS ISSUED A
* FLASH FLOOD WARNING FOR...
SOUTHERN BERRIEN COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST MICHIGAN
SOUTHERN CASS COUNTY IN SOUTHWEST MICHIGAN
* UNTIL 1045 AM EDT
* AT 645 AM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED
VERY HEAVY RAIN OVER SOUTHWEST MICHIGAN AND EXTENDING WESTWARD INTO
NORTHERN ILLINOIS. RADAR ALSO INDICATED AROUND 1.5 INCHES OF RAIN
HAD ALREADY FALLEN. ADDITIONAL RAINFALL AMOUNTS THIS MORNING OF 1 TO
2 INCHES ARE POSSIBLE. AT 645 AM EDT... LAW ENFORCEMENT REPORTED
MINOR FLOODING OF ROADWAYS WAS OCCURRING IN THE NILES.
* LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO THREE
UNION PIER...NILES...GALIEN...CASSOPOLIS...EDWARDSBURG...AND
BUCHANAN
FLOODING IS OCCURRING OR IS IMMINENT. MOST FLOOD RELATED DEATHS OCCUR
IN AUTOMOBILES. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CROSS WATER COVERED BRIDGES...
DIPS...OR LOW WATER CROSSINGS. NEVER TRY TO CROSS A FLOWING STREAM...
EVEN A SMALL ONE...ON FOOT. TO ESCAPE RISING WATER MOVE UP TO HIGHER
GROUND.
LAT...LON 4182 8676 4184 8671 4187 8668 4189 8665
4194 8659 4195 8576 4177 8597 4177 8683
$$What forecasters said that day
The local office's own words before this flash flood warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.
NWS Northern Indiana wrote its last area forecast discussion before this flash flood warning went out at Sep 13, 3:43 AM EDT, 3 hours 8 minutes earlier.
Area forecast discussion, Sep 13, 3:43 AM EDT, 3 hours 8 minutes before
AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
343 AM EDT SAT SEP 13 2008
.SHORT TERM...
WAVE OVER CENTRAL PLAINS LIFTING NE ALONG STNRY FRONT THIS
MORNING. WARM FRONT DVLPG FROM THE LOW OVER IA TO CENTRAL INDIANA
WITH BACKING/INCRSG LOW LEVEL FLOW RESULTING IN WIDESPREAD
SHOWER/TSTM ACTIVITY OVER NRN IL/IN ATTM. STRONG SHEAR OVER THE
AREA AND LOW LCL/S SUGGESTS POTENTIAL FOR TORNADOES WITH THESE
STORMS AS THE WARM FRONT LIFTS NE ACROSS THE AREA THIS MORNING.
ALSO EFFECTIVE RAIN PROCESS WITH HIGH FREEZING LEVELS AND TROPICAL
AIRMASS ALONG WITH SMALL MBE VECTORS SUGGESTS THREAT FOR HEAVY
RAINFALL. THUS...TORNADO WATCH ISSUED BY SPC EARLIER... AND FLOOD
WATCH EXTENDED TO INCLUDE THE TODAY PERIOD. BY MID AFTN CWA SHOULD
BREAK INTO WARM SECTOR ALLOWING FOR A LITTLE BETTER
DESTABILIZATION WITH HIGHER POTENTIAL FOR SFC BASED STORMS.
HWVR...LIMITING FACTOR WILL BE LACK OF FORCING BY THAT TIME. GIVEN
CONTINUED STRONG SHEAR AND LOW LCLS AND POTENTIAL FOR SCT TSTMS TO
POP UP DURING PEAK HEATING CONTD TO MENTION CHC SVR STORMS THROUGH
THE AFTN.
TONIGHT THE CDFNT WILL SAG SE INTO THE AREA IN THE WAKE OF LOW
LIFTING INTO THE UPR GRTLKS. CONVERGENCE ASSOCIATED WITH THIS
FRONT WILL PROVIDE FORCING FOR MORE SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS.
GFS/ECMWF IN GOOD AGREEMENT ON MOVEMENT/TRANSITION OF HURRICANE
IKE TO AN EXTRA-TROPICAL CYCLONE AND PREFERRED OVER WEAKER/SLOWER
NAM SOLUTION. THUS EXPECT FRONT TO STALL FROM WRN LAKE ERIE TO
CENTRAL INDIANA WITH REMNANTS OF IKE MOVG RAPIDLY NE ALONG IT
CAUSING HEAVY RAINFALL OVER MUCH OF OUR CWA SUNDAY. CONTD FLOOD WATCH
FOR NW PORTION OF CWA WHERE GREATEST POTENTIAL FOR HEAVY RAIN
CONTS. AS SYSTEM LIFTS NE OF AREA SUNDAY NIGHT RAINFALL SHOULD END
FROM W-E OVERNIGHT.
&&
.LONG TERM...
MONDAY THROUGH FRIDAY
VERY LITTLE CHANGES MADE TO ONGOING FORECAST. MAJORITY OF THE
PERIOD WILL BE DOMINATED BY SFC RIDING IN RESPONSE TO A BUILDING
ROCKIES RIDGE. NOT MANY SIGNALS TO LOCK ONTO TO WARRANT ANY MAJOR
CHANGES TO THE GRIDS. COOL START WILL BE IN STORE FOR THE WEEK
BEHIND A DEPARTING UPPER TROUGH...WHICH WILL HAVE MERGED WITH IKE/S
REMNANTS. FAST SUBSIDENT WESTERLY FLOW OVER THE ROCKIES IN THE
NORTHERN TIER OF THE CONUS WILL ADVECT EAST...AND ALLOW SLIGHTLY
WARMER CONDITIONS EACH DAY LOCALLY. HAVE OPTED TO CONTINUE THE TREND
OF TEMPS SLIGHTLY ABOVE NORMAL BY MID WEEK ON...AS FORECAST MODELS
AND ENSEMBLES SHIFT THE UPPER RIDGE EAST PER AN ADVANCING UPPER
TROUGH ACROSS THE PAC NW. THERE IS SOME INDICATION BY THE ECMWF/A
FEW GEFS MEMBERS/AND THE GFS THAT A CUT OFF LOW MAY DEVELOP OVER THE
SOUTHERN US AND POSSIBLY MEANDER NORTH BY LATE WEEK. HOWEVER...GIVEN
LOW CONFIDENCE PER PERIOD AND TYPE OF SYSTEM...WILL KEEP THE STATUS
QUO.
HAVE LOWERED HIGHS A FEW DEGREES MONDAY PER THE LATEST GUIDANCE AND
CONSENSUS OF H85 TEMPS...AND GIVEN EXPANSIVE CLOUD COVER.
OTHERWISE...EXPECT MUCH DRIER CONDITIONS WITH MOSTLY CLEAR SKIES
THROUGH THE REMAINDER OF THE PERIOD....FAVORING COOL NIGHTS AND
DECENT DIURNAL SWINGS.
&&
.PREV DISCUSSION... /ISSUED 136 AM EDT SAT SEP 13 2008/
AVIATION...
STNRY FRONT REMAINS FM SRN MI-IA-KS THIS MORNING. PROFILER/VWP LOW
LEVEL WINDS HAVE BEEN BACKING/INCRSG PAST FEW HRS AS WAVE MOVG NE
AND INTENSIFYING ALONG FRONT OVER KS. THETA-E ADVECTION AND
MOISTURE CONVERGENCE RESULTING IN WIDESPREAD TSTMS OVER NRN IL
ATTM WHICH SHOULD SPREAD NE ACROSS NRN INDIANA THIS MORNING AS
WAVE CONTS TO MOVE NE. WITH MOIST AIRMASS REMAINING IN PLACE... EXPECT
MVFR/IFR CONDITIONS WITH OCNL SHOWERS AT THE TERMINAL THROUGH THE
MORNING AS THIS FEATURE MOVES THROUGH. LOOKS AS IF BEST FORCING
WILL OCCUR AT SBN AND WITH WIDESPREAD TSTMS ALREADY UPSTREAM ADDED
TSRA TO FCST OVERNIGHT...WITH JUST CB MENTION AT FWA. BRIEF PD IN
WARM SECTOR DURING THE AFTN SHOULD ALLOW FOR SOME LIFT TO
CIGS/VSBYS AND INCREASE IN SFC WINDS...HWVR CDFNT WILL BE PUSHING
INTO THE AREA AS WAVE CONTS TO DEEPEN AND MOVE TO THE UPR GRTLKS.
WITH VERY MOIST AIRMASS REMAINING IN PLACE AND INSTABILITY
QUICKLY DVLPG WITH ANY BREAKS THIS AFTN...EXPECT TSTMS WILL POP UP
IN THE WARM SECTOR SO CONTD CB MENTION THROUGH THE AFTN AND WITH
FRONT APCHG IN THE EVE...EXPECTING MOISTURE CONVERGENCE WILL
PROVIDE FORCING FOR TSTMS ONCE AGAIN...THUS CONTD WITH CB THROUGH
THE EVE WITH MVFR CIGS.
&&
.IWX WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
IN...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH LATE SUNDAY NIGHT FOR INZ003>009-012>017-020-
022>024.
MI...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH LATE SUNDAY NIGHT FOR MIZ077>081.
OH...FLOOD WATCH THROUGH LATE SUNDAY NIGHT FOR OHZ001-002.
LM...NONE.
&&
SHORT TERM/AVIATION...JT
LONG TERM...CHAMBERLAINHazardous weather outlook, Sep 13, 4:47 AM EDT, 2 hours 4 minutes before
HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA 447 AM EDT SAT SEP 13 2008 INZ004>009-012>018-020-022>027-032>034-MIZ078>081-OHZ001-002-004-005- 015-016-024-025-140900- ST. JOSEPH IN-ELKHART-LAGRANGE-STEUBEN-NOBLE-DE KALB-STARKE-PULASKI- MARSHALL-FULTON IN-KOSCIUSKO-WHITLEY-ALLEN IN-WHITE-CASS IN-MIAMI- WABASH-HUNTINGTON-WELLS-ADAMS-GRANT-BLACKFORD-JAY-CASS MI- ST. JOSEPH MI-BRANCH-HILLSDALE-WILLIAMS-FULTON OH-DEFIANCE-HENRY- PAULDING-PUTNAM-VAN WERT-ALLEN OH- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...SOUTH BEND...MISHAWAKA...ELKHART... GOSHEN...LAGRANGE...TOPEKA...ANGOLA...KENDALLVILLE...LIGONIER... AUBURN...GARRETT...KNOX...NORTH JUDSON...WINAMAC...FRANCESVILLE... PLYMOUTH...BREMEN...ROCHESTER...WARSAW...WINONA LAKE... COLUMBIA CITY...SOUTH WHITLEY...FORT WAYNE...MONTICELLO... BROOKSTON...LOGANSPORT...PERU...WABASH...NORTH MANCHESTER... HUNTINGTON...BLUFFTON...OSSIAN...DECATUR...BERNE...MARION... HARTFORD CITY...MONTPELIER...PORTLAND...DOWAGIAC...CASSOPOLIS... STURGIS...THREE RIVERS...COLDWATER...HILLSDALE...BRYAN...WAUSEON... ARCHBOLD...DEFIANCE...NAPOLEON...PAULDING...ANTWERP...OTTAWA... PANDORA...VAN WERT...DELPHOS...LIMA 447 AM EDT SAT SEP 13 2008 /347 AM CDT SAT SEP 13 2008/ THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF NORTHWEST OHIO... SOUTHWEST LOWER MICHIGAN AND NORTHERN INDIANA. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED ACROSS THE AREA TODAY AND TONIGHT. THE STORMS WILL LIKELY CONTAIN VERY HEAVY RAIN. AN ISOLATED SEVERE STORM WITH DAMAGING WINDS OR EVEN A BRIEF TORNADO IS ALSO POSSIBLE. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY THERE IS A CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS AGAIN ON SUNDAY. ISOLATED SEVERE STORMS ARE POSSIBLE...MAINLY SOUTH OF U.S. ROUTE 6. HEAVY RAIN IS EXPECTED AGAIN SUNDAY AND SUNDAY EVENING. RAINFALL TOTALS AROUND 5 INCHES ARE POSSIBLE BY EARLY MONDAY WITH HEAVIEST AMOUNTS NORTH OF A PERU TO ANGOLA LINE. LOW LYING AND POOR DRAINAGE AREAS MAY BE FLOODED...WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF SOME RIVER FLOODING DEVELOPING ON OR BEYOND MONDAY. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED TODAY AND TONIGHT. && STAY TUNED TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR FURTHER DETAILS OR UPDATES...OR CHECK OUR WEB SITE AT WEATHER.GOV/IWX INZ003-LMZ043-046-MIZ077-140900- LA PORTE-NEW BUFFALO MI TO ST JOSEPH MI- MICHIGAN CITY IN TO NEW BUFFALO MI-BERRIEN- INCLUDING THE CITIES OF...MICHIGAN CITY...LA PORTE...NILES... BENTON HARBOR...ST. JOSEPH...BUCHANAN 447 AM EDT SAT SEP 13 2008 /347 AM CDT SAT SEP 13 2008/ THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR PORTIONS OF NORTHERN INDIANA... SOUTHWEST LOWER MICHIGAN AND EXTREME SOUTHEASTERN LAKE MICHIGAN. .DAY ONE...TODAY AND TONIGHT SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED ACROSS THE AREA TODAY AND TONIGHT. THE STORMS WILL LIKELY CONTAIN VERY HEAVY RAIN. AN ISOLATED SEVERE STORM WITH DAMAGING WINDS OR EVEN A BRIEF TORNADO IS ALSO POSSIBLE. THERE IS ALSO AN INCREASED RISK OF RIP CURRENTS ALONG THE LAKE MICHIGAN SHORELINE TODAY. .DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...SUNDAY THROUGH FRIDAY THERE IS A CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS AGAIN ON SUNDAY. THE STORMS ARE NOT EXPECTED TO BE SEVERE. HEAVY RAIN IS EXPECTED AGAIN SUNDAY AND SUNDAY EVENING. RAINFALL TOTALS AROUND 5 INCHES ARE POSSIBLE BY EARLY MONDAY. LOW LYING AND POOR DRAINAGE AREAS MAY BE FLOODED...WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF SOME RIVER FLOODING DEVELOPING ON OR BEYOND MONDAY. A SMALL CRAFT ADVISORY MAY BE NEEDED SUNDAY AFTERNOON THROUGH MONDAY EVENING. .SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT... SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED TODAY AND TONIGHT. && STAY TUNED TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO FOR FURTHER DETAILS OR UPDATES...OR CHECK OUR WEB SITE AT WEATHER.GOV/IWX
In the hours before
Special weather statement, Sep 13, 3:08 AM EDT, 3 hours 43 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA 308 AM EDT SAT SEP 13 2008 INZ023>025-032-130745- GRANT IN-HUNTINGTON IN-MIAMI IN-WABASH IN- 308 AM EDT SAT SEP 13 2008 ...SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT... AT 307 AM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A THUNDERSTORM 11 MILES WEST OF LA FONTAINE...OR 10 MILES SOUTHEAST OF PERU...MOVING NORTHEAST AT 42 MPH. WINDS GUSTS TO 40 MPH...OCCASIONAL CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING...AND BRIEF VERY HEAVY RAIN ARE POSSIBLE WITH THIS STORM. LOCATIONS IN THE PATH OF THIS STORM INCLUDE... WABASH... HUNTINGTON... LA FONTAINE... ANDREWS... SOMERSET... TREATY... GUSTY WINDS MAY CAUSE SMALL OBJECTS SUCH AS TRASH BINS TO BLOW AROUND. STAY AWAY FROM HIGH OBJECTS OUTDOORS SUCH AS TREES. SEEK SHELTER IN A STURDY STRUCTURE UNTIL THIS STORM HAS PASSED. A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 AM EDT SATURDAY MORNING FOR NORTHERN INDIANA. $$
Special weather statement, Sep 13, 3:30 AM EDT, 3 hours 21 minutes before
SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA 330 AM EDT SAT SEP 13 2008 INZ013-020-130745- PULASKI IN-WHITE IN- 330 AM EDT SAT SEP 13 2008 ...SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT... AT 326 AM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A STRONG THUNDERSTORM NEAR WOLCOTT...OR 13 MILES SOUTH OF RENSSELAER... MOVING NORTHEAST AT 31 MPH. ONE HALF INCH DIAMETER HAIL...WINDS GREATER THAN 40 MPH...FREQUENT CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING...BRIEF HEAVY DOWNPOURS...ARE POSSIBLE WITH THIS STORM. LOCATIONS IN THE PATH OF THIS STORM INCLUDE... MONON...LEE AND REYNOLDS... GUSTY WINDS MAY CAUSE SMALL OBJECTS SUCH AS TRASH BINS TO BLOW AROUND. STAY AWAY FROM HIGH OBJECTS OUTDOORS SUCH AS TREES. SEEK SHELTER UNTIL THIS STORM HAS PASSED. A TORNADO WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1100 AM EDT SATURDAY MORNING FOR NORTHERN INDIANA. $$ JC
Local storm report, Sep 13, 5:29 AM EDT, 1 hour 22 minutes before
PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA
529 AM EDT SAT SEP 13 2008
..TIME.. ...EVENT... ...CITY LOCATION... ...LAT.LON...
..DATE.. ....MAG.... ..COUNTY LOCATION.. ST.. ...SOURCE....
..REMARKS..
0520 AM HEAVY RAIN 2 SW LA PORTE 41.59N 86.74W
09/13/2008 M2.03 INCH LA PORTE IN COCORAHS
3 HOUR TOTAL ENDING AT 520 AM EDT...MINOR FLOODING
&&
EVENT NUMBER IWX0801813
JCThe office that day
Everything else NWS Northern Indiana issued on the same UTC day.
| Issued | Product | Office | Counties | Lasted |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sep 13, 4:22 AM EDT | Lakeshore Flood Statement | IWX | 21 hr | |
| Sep 13, 8:52 AM EDT | Areal Flood Advisory | IWX | Cass, Saint Joseph | 4 hr |
| Sep 13, 10:45 AM EDT | Areal Flood Advisory | IWX | Berrien, Cass, Saint Joseph | 4 hr |
| Sep 13, 11:46 AM EDT | Areal Flood Advisory | IWX | Branch, Hillsdale | 4 hr |
| Sep 13, 5:46 PM EDT | Areal Flood Advisory | IWX | Berrien, Cass | 6 hr |
| Sep 13, 6:47 PM EDT | Severe Thunderstorm Warning | IWX | Branch, Saint Joseph | 43 min |
| Sep 13, 6:55 PM EDT | Tornado Warning | IWX | Branch | 28 min |
Nearby
Flash Flood Warnings in Michigan, 2008Every flash flood warning in 2008
Sources
The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.