Alert archive / Indiana / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2008

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 15, NWS Indianapolis, IN

February 5, 2008Bartholomew County, Brown County, Jackson County, Indiana

NWS Indianapolis, IN issued this severe thunderstorm warning at Feb 5, 2008, 10:59 PM EST for Bartholomew County, Brown County, Jackson County, Indiana. It was in force for 46 min. 2 reports came from inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued, with what was reported inside it.

The facts

Issued: Feb 5, 2008, 10:59 PM EST (03:59 UTC)
Expired: Feb 5, 2008, 11:45 PM EST
In force: 46 min
Issued by: NWS Indianapolis, IN
Area: Storm-based polygon

Counties Bartholomew County, IN, Brown County, IN, Jackson County, IN

The radar

The Indianapolis radar (KIND), 81 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 03:59 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

What was reported inside it

Time	Report	Where	Remark
Feb 5, 11:18 PM EST	TSTM WND DMG	Seymour, IN	DOWNTOWN SEYMOUR WITHOUT POWER.
Feb 5, 11:20 PM EST	TSTM WND DMG	4 W Seymour, IN	PSBL TORNADO...ROOF OFF HOME IN CORTLAND.

Local storm reports filed while the alert was in force, from inside its polygon or its counties.

Did it verify

Verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow matched 2 storm reports to this severe thunderstorm warning; the first came 19 minutes after it went out.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
Feb 5, 8:08 PM EST	Tornado Watch	SPC	6 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Cncnati-Daytn, OH (KILN), launched 00:00Z, 4.0 hours before the alert went out and 199 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL: 537 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 74 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 295 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 379 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.1

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WUUS53 KIND 060359
SVRIND
INC005-013-071-060445-
/O.NEW.KIND.SV.W.0015.080206T0359Z-080206T0445Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INDIANAPOLIS IN
1059 PM EST TUE FEB 5 2008

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN INDIANAPOLIS HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  SOUTHWESTERN BARTHOLOMEW COUNTY IN CENTRAL INDIANA...
  SOUTHEASTERN BROWN COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL INDIANA...
  JACKSON COUNTY IN SOUTH CENTRAL INDIANA...
  THIS INCLUDES THE CITY OF SEYMOUR...

* UNTIL 1145 PM EST

* AT 1054 PM EST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
  SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN EXCESS
  OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED 7 MILES WEST OF MEDORA...OR
  ABOUT 10 MILES EAST OF BEDFORD...AND MOVING EAST AT 55 MPH.

* THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
  BROWNSTOWN BY 1110 PM EST...
  SEYMOUR BY 1120 PM EST...

THIS INCLUDES INTERSTATE 65 BETWEEN MILE MARKERS 45 AND 66.

FOR YOUR PROTECTION MOVE TO AN INTERIOR ROOM ON THE LOWEST FLOOR OF
YOUR HOME OR BUSINESS. THIS STORM HAS THE POTENTIAL TO CAUSE SERIOUS
INJURY AND SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.

LAT...LON 3913 8607 3924 8582 3887 8582 3883 8598
      3879 8627 3902 8629
TIME...MOT...LOC 0359Z 260DEG 48KT 3884 8622

$$

PUMA

3 follow-up statements

000 
WWUS53 KIND 060412
SVSIND

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INDIANAPOLIS IN
1112 PM EST TUE FEB 5 2008

INC013-060422-
/O.CAN.KIND.SV.W.0015.000000T0000Z-080206T0445Z/
BROWN-
1112 PM EST TUE FEB 5 2008

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR SOUTHEASTERN BROWN COUNTY IS
CANCELLED...

LAT...LON 3898 8620 3905 8614 3905 8610 3909 8610
      3913 8607 3924 8582 3887 8582 3881 8609
      3881 8612 3880 8614 3880 8622
TIME...MOT...LOC 0412Z 249DEG 36KT 3886 8610

$$

INC005-071-060445-
/O.CON.KIND.SV.W.0015.000000T0000Z-080206T0445Z/
BARTHOLOMEW-JACKSON-
1112 PM EST TUE FEB 5 2008

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1145 PM EST
FOR JACKSON AND SOUTHWESTERN BARTHOLOMEW COUNTIES...

AT 1109 PM EST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN
EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR MEDORA...OR ABOUT 15
MILES SOUTHWEST OF SEYMOUR...MOVING EAST AT 40 MPH.

THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WILL BE NEAR...
  SEYMOUR BY 1130 PM EST...
  JONESVILLE BY 1135 PM EST...

LAT...LON 3898 8620 3905 8614 3905 8610 3909 8610
      3913 8607 3924 8582 3887 8582 3881 8609
      3881 8612 3880 8614 3880 8622
TIME...MOT...LOC 0412Z 249DEG 36KT 3886 8610

$$

DWM

000 
WWUS53 KIND 060426
SVSIND

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INDIANAPOLIS IN
1127 PM EST TUE FEB 5 2008

INC005-071-060445-
/O.CON.KIND.SV.W.0015.000000T0000Z-080206T0445Z/
BARTHOLOMEW-JACKSON-
1127 PM EST TUE FEB 5 2008

...A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 1145 PM EST
FOR NORTHEASTERN JACKSON AND SOUTH CENTRAL BARTHOLOMEW COUNTIES...

AT 1122 PM EST...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR CONTINUED TO
INDICATE A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING DAMAGING WINDS IN
EXCESS OF 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR SEYMOUR...MOVING EAST
AT 50 MPH.

LAT...LON 3917 8598 3924 8582 3890 8582 3887 8583
      3889 8593
TIME...MOT...LOC 0427Z 256DEG 45KT 3900 8582

$$

PUMA

000 
WWUS53 KIND 060438
SVSIND

SEVERE WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INDIANAPOLIS IN
1137 PM EST TUE FEB 5 2008

INC005-071-060447-
/O.EXP.KIND.SV.W.0015.000000T0000Z-080206T0445Z/
BARTHOLOMEW-JACKSON-
1137 PM EST TUE FEB 5 2008

...THE SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR NORTHEASTERN JACKSON AND SOUTH
CENTRAL BARTHOLOMEW COUNTIES EXPIRES AT 1145 PM EST...

THE STORMS HAVE EXITED THE WARNED AREA.

LAT...LON 3917 8598 3924 8582 3890 8582 3887 8583
      3889 8593
TIME...MOT...LOC 0437Z 256DEG 45KT 3903 8566

$$

DWM

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Indianapolis, IN wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at Feb 5, 5:55 PM EST, 5 hours 4 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, Feb 5, 5:55 PM EST, 5 hours 4 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INDIANAPOLIS IN
555 PM EST TUE FEB 5 2008

.AVIATION...

DISCUSSION FOR THE 00Z TAFS
TRWS EXPECTED TO INCRS IN CVRG DURING THE EVENING PER REGIONAL AND
NATIONAL RADAR TRENDS. OTHERWISE...MOSTLY IFR CIGS TNGT IMPVG TO
MVFR MID MORNING TOMORROW. VSYS ALSO EXPECTED TO BE IFR THROUGH THE
PD...WHILE WINDS GUSTING TO 25 MPH BY LATE EVE WL SHIFT FM THE ENE
TO THE SE TO THE SW AS THE SFC LOW LIFTS ACRS THE QUASI-STNRY
BOUNDARY ACRS SRN INDIANA TNGT. COULD STILL SOME RWS AROUND TOWARD
12Z AND TOMORROW...BUT BULK OF THE RAINFALL SHOULD BE OVER.

&&

.DISCUSSION...

FOCUS ON THIS FORECAST WILL REMAIN ON SEVERE AND FLOOD CONCERNS IN
THE NEXT 24 HOURS.

THE CURRENT SETUP SHOWS A WARM FRONT REMAINING SOUTH OF CENTRAL
INDIANA. TEMPERATURES HAVE REMAINED IN THE 30S TO LOW 50S ACROSS
THE AREA. THE SUNSHINE AND WARMER TEMPERATURES REMAINS TO OUR
SOUTH...SO SURFACE BASED CONVECTION DOES NOT APPEAR VERY LIKELY
ACROSS MOST OF THE AREA EXCEPT THE FAR SOUTH. THE KEY WILL BE HOW
FAR SOUTH THIS WARM FRONT PUNCHES LATE THIS AFTERNOON. THE AFTERNOON
SOUNDINGS IN THE WARM SECTOR SHOW THAT WHILE THERE IS A LOT OF
CAPE...THERE HAS ALSO BEEN A VERY STRONG CAP...IN FACT STRONGER
THAN WHAT THE MODELS HAD PREVIOUSLY INDICATED. H7 TEMPS WERE
SEVERAL DEGREES WARMER FROM ACTUAL OBSERVATIONS VS WHAT THE MODELS
HAD INDICATED. BUT AT THE TIME OF WRITING...SURFACE BASED
CONVECTION WAS BEGINNING TO RAPIDLY DEVELOP IN SOUTHEAST MISSOURI
IN THE WARM SECTOR.

THE GREATER CONCERN FOR SEVERE WEATHER WILL APPEAR TO BE AFTER
MIDNIGHT AS THE LOW CROSSES THE AREA WITH A POSSIBLE SQUALL LINE
AND DAMAGING WIND BEING THE GREATEST THREAT. WILL TRY AND ACCOUNT
FOR THIS IN THE GRIDS AND NOT MENTION POSSIBLE SEVERE WEATHER IN
THE GRIDS UNTIL LATER THIS EVENING RATHER THAN THIS AFTERNOON.

HEAVY RAIN WILL BE AN ADDITIONAL THREAT AS WELL AS ALL MODELS AND
HPC QPF CONTINUE TO INDICATE 1 TO 2 OR 3 INCHES OF RAIN POSSIBLE
TONIGHT. WITH THAT IN MIND WILL CONTINUE THE FLOOD WARNING FOR THE
REST OF TONIGHT. TEMPERATURES WILL BE ANOTHER ISSUE WITH REGARDS
TO WHEN THE COOLER AIR ARRIVES. THE NEWEST MODEL RUNS ARE
CONSIDERABLY WARMER THAN THE OLDER RUNS. AT THIS POINT...THE
THREAT OF SNOW BEHIND THE SYSTEM SEEMS GREATLY DIMINISHED. WILL
CHANGE THE FORECAST TO KEEP IT WARMER FOR LONGER TONIGHT...WITH
THE BEST COLD ADVECTION NOT LIKELY TO HAPPEN UNTIL AFTER 12Z ON
WEDNESDAY.

EXTENDED DISCUSSION /SATURDAY THROUGH TUESDAY/ THE MAIN FEATURE
DURING THE EXTENDED WILL BE ANOTHER TURN TO COLDER WEATHER OVER
THE WEEKEND. A STRONG COLD FRONT WILL MOVE THROUGH THE AREA ON
SATURDAY. WILL BRING IN A CHANCE OF SHOWERS AHEAD OF IT. AFTER
FROPA WILL CHANGE THE CHANCE TO SNOW SHOWERS. 850 MB TEMPS DROP TO
-20 TO -24 ON SUNDAY. TEMPS THEN STAY COLD THROUGH THE END OF THE
EXTENDED PERIOD.

&&

.IND WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
FLOOD WATCH THROUGH WEDNESDAY MORNING FOR INZ021-028>031-035>049-
051>057-060>065-067>072.

&&

EXTENDED...SH
AVIATION...MK
SHORT TERM...LAJ

Hazardous weather outlook, Feb 5, 4:34 PM EST, 6 hours 25 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INDIANAPOLIS IN
434 PM EST TUE FEB 5 2008

INZ039>042-044>049-051>057-060>065-067>072-062145-
HAMILTON-MADISON-DELAWARE-RANDOLPH-PARKE-PUTNAM-HENDRICKS-MARION-
HANCOCK-HENRY-VIGO-CLAY-OWEN-MORGAN-JOHNSON-SHELBY-RUSH-SULLIVAN-
GREENE-MONROE-BROWN-BARTHOLOMEW-DECATUR-KNOX-DAVIESS-MARTIN-
LAWRENCE-JACKSON-JENNINGS-
434 PM EST TUE FEB 5 2008

...FLOOD WARNING IN EFFECT TONIGHT...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR MUCH OF CENTRAL INDIANA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT.

THERE IS A RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS THROUGH TONIGHT WITH
DAMAGING WINDS AND ISOLATED TORNADOES BEING THE PRIMARY THREATS.
WIDESPREAD HEAVY RAIN IS EXPECTED TO PRODUCE WIDESPREAD
FLOODING...INCLUDING FLASH FLOODING.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY.

SIGNIFICANT FLOODING IS EXPECTED ON THE WHITE...EAST FORK
WHITE...WABASH...AND OTHER CENTRAL INDIANA RIVERS. CHECK THE
LATEST FLOOD STATEMENT FOR FURTHER DETAILS.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

SPOTTER ACTIVATION MAY BE NEEDED LATE THIS AFTERNOON AND OVERNIGHT.
SPOTTERS ARE ALSO ENCOURAGED TO REPORT ANY FLOODED ROADWAYS OR
EXCESSIVE RAINFALL.

&&

MORE INFORMATION...ALONG WITH OTHER WEATHER...HYDROLOGICAL AND
CLIMATE INFORMATION CAN BE FOUND...AT HTTP://WEATHER.GOV/IND (ALL
LOWERCASE)

INZ021-028>031-035>038-043-062145-
CARROLL-WARREN-TIPPECANOE-CLINTON-HOWARD-FOUNTAIN-MONTGOMERY-
BOONE-TIPTON-VERMILLION-
434 PM EST TUE FEB 5 2008

...FLOOD WARNING IN EFFECT TONIGHT...

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTHERN SECTIONS OF CENTRAL
INDIANA.

.DAY ONE...TONIGHT.

THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED THROUGH TONIGHT. WIDESPREAD HEAVY RAIN
IS EXPECTED TO PRODUCE WIDESPREAD FLOODING...INCLUDING FLASH
FLOODING. LIGHTNING IS A THREAT WITH ANY THUNDERSTORM.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY.

SIGNIFICANT FLOODING IS EXPECTED ON THE WHITE...EAST FORK
WHITE...WABASH AND OTHER CENTRAL INDIANA RIVERS. CHECK THE LATEST
FLOOD STATEMENT FOR FURTHER DETAILS.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...

ORGANIZED SPOTTER ACTIVATION IS NOT ANTICIPATED AT THIS TIME.
SPOTTERS ARE ENCOURAGED TO REPORT FLOODED ROADWAYS OR EXCESSIVE
RAINFALL.

&&

MORE INFORMATION...ALONG WITH OTHER WEATHER...HYDROLOGICAL AND
CLIMATE INFORMATION CAN BE FOUND...AT HTTP://WEATHER.GOV/IND (ALL
LOWERCASE)

In the hours before

Local storm report, Feb 5, 9:36 PM EST, 1 hour 23 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INDIANAPOLIS IN
936 PM EST TUE FEB 05 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0912 PM     TSTM WND DMG     BLOOMFIELD              39.03N 86.94W
02/05/2008                   GREENE             IN   AMATEUR RADIO

            POWER OUT

&&

JP

Local storm report, Feb 5, 9:51 PM EST, 1 hour 8 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INDIANAPOLIS IN
951 PM EST TUE FEB 05 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0930 PM     TORNADO          BAINBRIDGE              39.76N 86.81W
02/05/2008                   PUTNAM             IN   LAW ENFORCEMENT

            COUNTY DISPATCH REPORTS POSSIBLE TORNADO. AREAS OF DAMAGE
            ACROSS THE NORTHWEST PART OF THE COUNTY. MULTIPLE TREES
            DOWN. BARNS AND MOBLIE HOMES SUSTAINED SIGNIFICANT
            DAMAGE.

&&

JP

Local storm report, Feb 5, 9:54 PM EST, 1 hour 5 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INDIANAPOLIS IN
954 PM EST TUE FEB 05 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0950 PM     TSTM WND DMG     4 W BAINBRIDGE          39.76N 86.89W
02/05/2008                   PUTNAM             IN   TRAINED SPOTTER

            STRUCTURAL DAMAGE TO TRAILERS AT ROUTE 231 AND US ROUTE
            36. OVERTURNED CARS...AND SEVERAL TREES DOWN.

&&

JP

Local storm report, Feb 5, 10:10 PM EST, 49 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INDIANAPOLIS IN
1010 PM EST TUE FEB 05 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0950 PM     HEAVY RAIN       PARAGON                 39.39N 86.56W
02/05/2008  M1.63 INCH       MORGAN             IN   TRAINED SPOTTER

            1.63 INCHS OF RAIN TODAY

&&

JP

Local storm report, Feb 5, 10:37 PM EST, 22 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INDIANAPOLIS IN
1037 PM EST TUE FEB 05 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

0930 PM     TSTM WND DMG     BLOOMFIELD              39.03N 86.94W
02/05/2008                   GREENE             IN   AMATEUR RADIO

            ROOF OF HOME BLOWN OFF. WINDOWS BLOWN OUT AT A 2ND HOME
            NEARBY.

&&

JP

Local storm report, Feb 5, 10:54 PM EST, 5 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE INDIANAPOLIS IN
1054 PM EST TUE FEB 05 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1040 PM     TSTM WND DMG     BRAZIL                  39.52N 87.12W
02/05/2008                   CLAY               IN   BROADCAST MEDIA

            MCDONALDS SIGN BLOWN DOWN

&&

JP

The office that day

Everything else NWS Indianapolis, IN issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
Feb 5, 8:22 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	IND	Clay, Daviess, Greene, Knox, Sullivan	38 min
Feb 5, 8:34 PM EST	Tornado Warning	IND	Greene, Knox, Sullivan	41 min
Feb 5, 8:46 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	IND	Clay, Owen, Parke, Putnam, Vermillion, Vigo	44 min
Feb 5, 8:56 PM EST	Flash Flood Warning	IND	Fountain, Tippecanoe, Vermillion, Warren	4 hr
Feb 5, 8:56 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	IND	Daviess, Greene, Lawrence, Martin, Monroe, Owen	49 min
Feb 5, 9:10 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	IND	Boone, Hendricks, Montgomery, Morgan, Owen, Putnam	50 min
Feb 5, 9:39 PM EST	Flash Flood Warning	IND	Daviess, Knox, Martin	4 hr
Feb 5, 9:42 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	IND	Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Johnson, Marion, Morgan and 1 more	48 min
Feb 5, 10:15 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	IND	Daviess, Lawrence, Martin	45 min
Feb 5, 10:39 PM EST	Flash Flood Warning	IND	Lawrence	3 hr
Feb 5, 11:30 PM EST	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	IND	Bartholomew, Decatur, Jennings	45 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Indiana, 2008 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2008

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; local storm reports from the same archive; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.