Alert archive / Georgia / Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in 2008

Severe Thunderstorm Warning 278, NWS Atlanta, GA

May 21, 20084 counties in Georgia

NWS Atlanta, GA issued this severe thunderstorm warning at May 21, 2008, 12:03 AM EDT for 4 counties in Georgia. It was in force for 27 min. No storm report in the archive falls inside the area while it was in force.

The area

The outline as issued.

The facts

Issued: May 21, 2008, 12:03 AM EDT (04:03 UTC)
Expired: May 21, 2008, 12:30 AM EDT
In force: 27 min
Issued by: NWS Atlanta, GA
Area: Storm-based polygon

Counties Emanuel County, GA, Montgomery County, GA, Toombs County, GA, Treutlen County, GA

The radar

The Robins AFB radar (KJGX), 104 km from the middle of the area, began a volume at 04:04 UTC, the scan nearest the moment this went out.

Open the radar archive at this moment

The archived warnings, watches and discussions in force at that minute are drawn over the scan, this one among them.

Did it verify

Not verified. The Iowa Environmental Mesonet's Cow found no qualifying storm report inside this severe thunderstorm warning while it was in force. That is not proof nothing happened: reports are thin where few people live.

Cow counts a report within 15 km of the polygon while the warning was in force: a tornado for a tornado warning; hail of 1 inch or more, a gust of 58 mph or more or wind damage for a severe thunderstorm warning; a flash flood report for a flash flood warning.

The watch it was issued in

The SPC watch in force over the same counties when this warning went out.

Issued	Product	Office	Lasted
May 20, 9:42 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Watch	SPC	4 hr

The nearest sounding before it

Jacksonville, FL (KJAX), launched 00:00Z, 4.1 hours before the alert went out and 213 km from the middle of its area. This is the routine balloon launch nearest before it, the air the forecaster had in hand, not a measurement taken for the alert.

Skew-T log-p

Temperature in red, dew point in green, the mixed-layer parcel dashed.

Hodograph

The wind turning with height, colored by layer: ground to 1 km, 1 to 3 km, 3 to 6 km, 6 to 10 km.

Mixed-layer CAPE: 0 J/kg
Mixed-layer CIN: No buoyant parcel
Mixed-layer LCL: 1989 m above ground
0-6 km bulk shear: 42 kt
0-1 km storm-relative helicity: 138 m²/s²
0-3 km storm-relative helicity: 142 m²/s²
Significant tornado parameter: 0.0
Supercell composite: 0.0

Open this sounding in Storm Lab

The text

As transmitted, in the capitals the NWS used until 2016.

000 
WUUS52 KFFC 210403
SVRFFC
GAC107-209-279-283-210430-
/O.NEW.KFFC.SV.W.0278.080521T0403Z-080521T0430Z/

BULLETIN - EAS ACTIVATION REQUESTED
SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
1203 AM EDT WED MAY 21 2008

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE IN PEACHTREE CITY HAS ISSUED A

* SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WARNING FOR...
  NORTHERN MONTGOMERY COUNTY IN CENTRAL GEORGIA
  SOUTHERN EMANUEL COUNTY IN EAST CENTRAL GEORGIA
  TREUTLEN COUNTY IN EAST CENTRAL GEORGIA
  NORTHERN TOOMBS COUNTY IN SOUTHEAST GEORGIA

* UNTIL 1230 AM EDT

* AT MIDNIGHT EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED
  A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM CAPABLE OF PRODUCING PENNY SIZED HAIL...AND
  DAMAGING WINDS UP TO 60 MPH.  THIS STORM WAS LOCATED NEAR
  SOPERTON...MOVING EAST AT 45 MPH.

* OTHER LOCATIONS IN THE WARNING INCLUDE BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO
  COVENA...LEXSY...VIDALIA...STILLMORE AND LYONS.

THIS IS A DANGEROUS STORM. IF YOU ARE IN ITS PATH...PREPARE
IMMEDIATELY FOR DAMAGING WINDS...DESTRUCTIVE HAIL...AND DEADLY CLOUD
TO GROUND LIGHTNING. PEOPLE OUTSIDE SHOULD MOVE TO A SHELTER...
PREFERABLY INSIDE A STRONG BUILDING AND AWAY FROM WINDOWS.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL 300 AM EDT
WEDNESDAY MORNING FOR SOUTHERN GEORGIA.

IF YOU SEE WIND DAMAGE...LARGE HAIL OR SIGNIFICANT FLOODING...WAIT
UNTIL THE STORM HAS PASSED...AND THEN CALL THE NATIONAL WEATHER
SERVICE TOLL FREE AT 1 8 6 6 7 6 3 4 4 6 6.

LAT...LON 3236 8223 3232 8223 3228 8220 3206 8221
      3232 8269 3249 8259 3253 8219 3239 8220
TIME...MOT...LOC 0403Z 292DEG 41KT 3237 8254

$$

What forecasters said that day

The local office's own words before this severe thunderstorm warning went out, as it sent them, from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service text.

NWS Atlanta, GA wrote its last area forecast discussion before this severe thunderstorm warning went out at May 20, 8:53 PM EDT, 3 hours 10 minutes earlier.

Area forecast discussion, May 20, 8:53 PM EDT, 3 hours 10 minutes before

AREA FORECAST DISCUSSION...UPDATE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
853 PM EDT TUE MAY 20 2008

UPDATE...
SVR THUNDERSTORM WATCH GRADUALLY BEING TRIMMED DOWN FROM THE NORTH
AS LINE OF CONVECTION PUSHES SOUTH OF I-20. STRONG TO SEVERE
THUNDERSTORMS WILL CONTINUE TO PUSH SOUTHEASTWARD INTO CENTRAL
GEORGIA...AND HAVE RAISED POPS SIGNIFICANTLY IN THOSE AREAS.
TEMPERATURES LOOK ON TRACK.

.SHORT TERM /TONIGHT THROUGH THURSDAY NIGHT/...
PRIMARY CONCERN IS CHANCE FOR SEVERE CONVECTION THIS AFTERNOON AND
EVENING. STORMS FIRING UP ALONG COLD FRONT IN TN AND XTRM NRN AL
BUT HAVE ALSO SEEN SVR STORM DEVELOP JUST EAST OF WARRENTON. COULD
SEE ADDITIONAL ISOLATED DEVELOPMENT OF STORMS ALONG SOUTHERN
PERIPHERY OF MID LEVEL CLOUDS AND CU FIELD IN CENTRAL GA EVEN
THOUGH LOW LEVEL CONVERGENCE NOT AS WELL DEFINED. AXIS OF GREATEST
INSTABILITY ALONG BROAD SWATH ALSO CENTERED ALONG I-20 WHERE
MLCAPE VALUES 1500-2000 J/KG. WILL LIKELY SEE TWO AREAS OF STORMS
...ONE IN FAR NRN GA NEAR COLD FRONT AND ANOTHER ALONG SOUTHERN
PERIPHERY OF CLOUDS. PRIMARY THREAT IS LARGE HAIL UP TO 2.5 INCHES
IN DIAMETER. DAMAGING WINDS ALSO POSSIBLE BUT NOT AS LIKELY.
TORNADO THREAT SOMEWHAT LOW ATTM AS LOW LEVEL STORM RELATIVE
HELICITY HAS NOT INCREASED AS MUCH AS MODEL FCST SOUNDINGS
INDICATED. IF STORM BECOMES SUPERCELLULAR WITH HIGHLY DEVIANT
RIGHT MOTION...COULD SEE STRONGLY ROTATING UPDRAFTS AND ISOLATED
TORNADO ESP IN CENTRAL GA.

FRONT WILL TAKE ITS TIME TO SAG INTO THE STATE TONIGHT. VERTICAL
MOTION PROGGED TO WEAKEN AS WEAK SHORT WAVE SWEEPS THROUGH. MAV
GUIDANCE POPS AND GFS/WRF QPF NOT VERY AGGRESSIVE WITH RAINFALL.
ONLY SMALL POPS FOR TSRA ALONG FAR SRN ZONES FOR EARLY WED BEFORE
CLEARING OUT.

NEXT OPPORTUNITY FOR TSRA ON THURSDAY AS WARM/MOIST ADVECTION
RETURNS. ATYPICAL UPPER PATTERN WITH TWO LARGE CUTOFF LOWS...ONE
OVER WRN U.S. AND THE OTHER OFF THE NEW ENGLAND COAST. PRETTY GOOD
AGREEMENT LARGE SCALE PATTERN WITH SHORT AND MEDIUM RANGE MODELS
AS WRN LOW TAKING ITS SWEET TIME TO MOVE EAST WHILE THE NE LOW
DRIFTS SOUTH. HOWEVER...GFS A LITTLE MORE AGGRESSIVE THAN NAM WITH
POPS AND PRECIP AMOUNTS ON THURS NIGHT AND FRI. HAVE BACKED OFF ON
POPS SOME. INSTABILITY LOOKS PRETTY GOOD WITH THIS SYSTEM HOWEVER
WINDS ALOFT WILL BE FAIRLY WEEK.

.LONG TERM /FRIDAY THROUGH TUESDAY/...
PATTERN REMAINS NEARLY STAGNANT WITH BLOCKING FEATURES MENTIONED
PREVIOUSLY.  ANOTHER FLY IN THE PICTURE FOR THE LONG TERM IS
POSSIBLE TROPICAL FEED OF MOISTURE MOVING IN LATER IN THE WEEK.
GOING FCST SEEMS PRETTY CLOSE TO LATEST MODEL PROGS. NO GOOD
REASON TO CHANGE ATTM.

SNELSON

&&

.AVIATION...
CEILINGS GENERALLY 4 TO 6 THOUSAND FEET WITH THE BAND OF SHOWERS AND
THUNDERSTORMS THROUGH THE EVENING...FOLLOWED BY LITTLE MORE THAN
SCATTERED CLOUDS AT 5 THOUSAND FEET OR HIGHER THROUGH THE REST OF
THE NIGHT. THERE WILL BE A BRIEF PERIOD OF TIME BETWEEN THE PASSAGE
OF THE BAND OF PRECIPITATION AND THE ARRIVAL OF THE SURFACE FRONT
WHEN WINDS MAY BE LIGHT ENOUGH FOR FOG FORMATION. LOOKING FOR
VISIBILITIES IN THE MVFR RANGE AT A FEW NORTHERN AIRPORTS DURING
THAT TIME. AFTER FRONTAL PASSAGE LOOKING FOR NO SIGNIFICANT CLOUDS
OR RESTRICTION TO VISIBILITY AS DRIER AIR PUSHED IN ON NORTHWEST
FLOW.

&&

.PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS...
ATHENS          60  82  52  84  60 /  30  10   5  20  20
ATLANTA         60  80  60  81  64 /  30  10   5  30  20
BLAIRSVILLE     55  76  47  75  54 /  20  10  10  30  20
CARTERSVILLE    56  80  52  81  59 /  20  10  10  30  20
COLUMBUS        67  86  60  86  67 /  20  10   5  40  20
GAINESVILLE     59  79  53  81  60 /  30  10  10  30  20
MACON           63  87  55  89  66 /  30  10   5  30  20
ROME            56  80  55  80  62 /  20  10  10  30  20
PEACHTREE CITY  58  80  53  82  62 /  30  10   5  30  20
VIDALIA         67  90  58  89  67 /  30  20  10  20  20

&&

.FFC WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
NONE.

&&

13/15/23

Hazardous weather outlook, May 20, 10:25 PM EDT, 1 hour 38 minutes before

HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
1025 PM EDT TUE MAY 20 2008

GAZ001>009-011>016-019>025-027-030>039-041>062-066>076-078>086-
089>098-102>113-211000-
BALDWIN-BANKS-BARROW-BARTOW-BIBB-BLECKLEY-BUTTS-CARROLL-CATOOSA-
CHATTAHOOCHEE-CHATTOOGA-CHEROKEE-CLARKE-CLAYTON-COBB-COWETA-
CRAWFORD-CRISP-DADE-DAWSON-DEKALB-DODGE-DOOLY-DOUGLAS-EMANUEL-
FANNIN-FAYETTE-FLOYD-FORSYTH-GILMER-GLASCOCK-GORDON-GREENE-
GWINNETT-HALL-HANCOCK-HARALSON-HARRIS-HEARD-HENRY-HOUSTON-JACKSON-
JASPER-JEFFERSON-JOHNSON-JONES-LAMAR-LAURENS-LUMPKIN-MACON-
MADISON-MARION-MERIWETHER-MONROE-MONTGOMERY-MORGAN-MURRAY-
MUSCOGEE-NEWTON-NORTH FULTON-OCONEE-OGLETHORPE-PAULDING-PEACH-
PICKENS-PIKE-POLK-PULASKI-PUTNAM-ROCKDALE-SCHLEY-SOUTH FULTON-
SPALDING-STEWART-SUMTER-TALBOT-TALIAFERRO-TAYLOR-TELFAIR-TOOMBS-
TOWNS-TREUTLEN-TROUP-TWIGGS-UNION-UPSON-WALKER-WALTON-WARREN-
WASHINGTON-WEBSTER-WHEELER-WHITE-WHITFIELD-WILCOX-WILKES-
WILKINSON-
1025 PM EDT TUE MAY 20 2008

THIS HAZARDOUS WEATHER OUTLOOK IS FOR NORTH AND CENTRAL GEORGIA.

.DAY ONE...OVERNIGHT TONIGHT.
ISOLATED SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS POSSIBLE ACROSS CENTRAL GEORGIA.

.SYNOPSIS...
A COLD FRONT IN EXTREME NORTH GEORGIA LATE TUESDAY EVENING WILL MOVE
INTO CENTRAL GEORGIA BY DAYBREAK.

.PRIMARY HAZARDS...
THE PRIMARY HAZARD FROM ANY SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE DAMAGING
WINDS AND LARGE HAIL. THE MOST LIKELY LOCATION FOR SEVERE
THUNDERSTORMS WILL BE SOUTH OF A LINE FROM CARROLLTON TO EATONTON TO
WARRENTON.

.DISCUSSION...
A LINE OF THUNDERSTORMS AHEAD OF THE APPROACHING COLD FRONT HAS BEEN
PUSHING SOUTH THROUGH GEORGIA TUESDAY EVENING. THE AIR OVER CENTRAL
GEORGIA REMAINS MODERATELY UNSTABLE WITH LIFTED INDICES OF MINUS 3
TO MINUS 5. SOUTHWEST WINDS WILL CONTINUE TO FEED WARM UNSTABLE AIR
INTO THE LINE...SO THUNDERSTORMS MAY LINGER WELL INTO THE NIGHT AS
THEY CONTINUE TO PRESS SOUTHWARD.

.DAYS TWO THROUGH SEVEN...WEDNESDAY THROUGH MONDAY. THERE IS A
CHANCE OF THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS CENTRAL GEORGIA SATURDAY...AND ACROSS
NORTH AND CENTRAL GEORGIA THURSDAY AND FRIDAY. OTHERWISE...NO
HAZARDOUS WEATHER IS EXPECTED AT THIS TIME.

.SPOTTER INFORMATION STATEMENT...
SPOTTERS IN CENTRAL GEORGIA ARE REQUESTED TO PASS REPORTS OF WIND
DAMAGE OR HAIL TO THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE. EMERGENCY MANAGERS
IN CENTRAL GEORGIA SHOULD MONITOR THE SITUATION.

In the hours before

Local storm report, May 20, 10:42 PM EDT, 1 hour 21 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
1042 PM EDT TUE MAY 20 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1028 PM     TSTM WND DMG     ROBERTA                 32.72N 84.01W
05/20/2008                   CRAWFORD           GA   AMATEUR RADIO

            SEVERAL TREES ARE DOWN ALONG HIGHWAY 42.

1029 PM     HAIL             3 E LIZELLA             32.81N 83.77W
05/20/2008  E0.88 INCH       BIBB               GA   AMATEUR RADIO

            AT INTERSTATE 475 AND HIGHWAY 74.

&&

MSR

Special weather statement, May 20, 10:45 PM EDT, 1 hour 18 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
1045 PM EDT TUE MAY 20 2008

GAZ086-098-210330-
1045 PM EDT TUE MAY 20 2008

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT FOR PEA SIZED HAIL AND 45 MPH WINDS IN
TREUTLEN AND EMANUEL COUNTIES UNTIL 1130 PM EDT...

AT 1041 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED
STRONG THUNDERSTORMS FROM 6 MILES SOUTHEAST OF GARFIELD TO 16 MILES
NORTHWEST OF LOTHAIR...MOVING SOUTH AT 16 MPH.  THESE STORMS ARE
CAPABLE OF PRODUCING PEA SIZED HAIL AND WIND GUSTS UP TO 45 MPH.

A SEVERE THUNDERSTORM WATCH REMAINS IN EFFECT. CONTINUE TO MONITOR
NOAA WEATHER RADIO...WEATHER.GOV OR OTHER MEDIA OUTLETS FOR FURTHER
STATEMENTS OR POSSIBLE WARNINGS ON THESE STORMS.

Local storm report, May 20, 10:53 PM EDT, 1 hour 10 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
1053 PM EDT TUE MAY 20 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1038 PM     HAIL             2 W MACON               32.84N 83.69W
05/20/2008  E0.75 INCH       BIBB               GA   PUBLIC

&&

MSR

Special weather statement, May 20, 11:31 PM EDT, 32 minutes before

SPECIAL WEATHER STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
1131 PM EDT TUE MAY 20 2008

GAZ095>098-105>112-210430-
1131 PM EDT TUE MAY 20 2008

...SIGNIFICANT WEATHER ALERT FOR PEA SIZED HAIL...45 MPH WINDS AND
FREQUENT CLOUD TO GROUND LIGHTNING IN CRISP...WILCOX...TELFAIR...
WHEELER...MONTGOMERY...PULASKI...DODGE...TREUTLEN... BLECKLEY...
HOUSTON...LAURENS AND DOOLY COUNTIES UNTIL 1230 AM EDT...

AT 1130 PM EDT...NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE DOPPLER RADAR INDICATED A
LINE OF STRONG THUNDERSTORMS EXTENDING FROM NEAR BREWTON TO COCHRAN
TO NEAR UNADILLA...AND MOVING SOUTHEAST AT 45 MPH.

WIND GUSTS OF 45 MPH AND PEA SIZE HAIL ARE POSSIBLE WITH THESE
STORMS HAS THEY MOVE ACROSS PORTIONS OF CRISP...WILCOX...TELFAIR...
WHEELER...MONTGOMERY...PULASKI...DODGE...TREUTLEN...BLECKLEY...
HOUSTON...LAURENS AND DOOLY COUNTIES THROUGH 1230 AM EDT.

SOME LOCATIONS IN THE PATH OF THESE STORMS INCLUDE YONKERS...
RODDY...MOBLEY CROSSING...LOVETT...FRAZIER...EMPIRE... ELKO...
BROWNDALE... BREWTON...UNADILLA...HAWKINSVILLE...EAST DUBLIN...
DUDLEY...DUBLIN AND DEXTER.

Local storm report, May 20, 11:50 PM EDT, 13 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
1150 PM EDT TUE MAY 20 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1050 PM     HAIL             2 N HUBER               32.73N 83.56W
05/20/2008  E1.00 INCH       TWIGGS             GA   PUBLIC

            WINDS WERE ESTIMATED AT 60 TO 70 MPH

&&

MSR

Local storm report, May 21, 12:01 AM EDT, 2 minutes before

PRELIMINARY LOCAL STORM REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE PEACHTREE CITY GA
1201 AM EDT WED MAY 21 2008

..TIME...   ...EVENT...      ...CITY LOCATION...     ...LAT.LON...
..DATE...   ....MAG....      ..COUNTY LOCATION..ST.. ...SOURCE....
            ..REMARKS..

1105 PM     TSTM WND DMG     TARVERSVILLE            32.54N 83.44W
05/20/2008                   TWIGGS             GA   COUNTY OFFICIAL

            HIGHWAY 96 AND SEVERAL OTHER ROADS ACROSS THE COUNTY ARE
            BLOCKED BY TREES.

&&

MSR

The office that day

Everything else NWS Atlanta, GA issued on the same UTC day.

Issued	Product	Office	Counties	Lasted
May 20, 8:08 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Carroll, Heard	52 min
May 20, 8:25 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Jasper, Putnam	35 min
May 20, 8:29 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Coweta, Fayette	26 min
May 20, 8:32 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Baldwin, Hancock, Taliaferro, Warren	43 min
May 20, 8:38 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Heard	52 min
May 20, 8:47 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Henry, Spalding	43 min
May 20, 8:49 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	FFC	Hancock	26 min
May 20, 8:52 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Glascock, Jefferson, Warren, Washington	68 min
May 20, 8:58 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Meriwether, Troup	47 min
May 20, 9:01 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Coweta, Meriwether	31 min
May 20, 9:04 PM EDT	Tornado Warning	FFC	Glascock, Washington	26 min
May 20, 9:06 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Baldwin, Hancock, Putnam	39 min
May 20, 9:41 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Lamar, Pike, Upson	34 min
May 20, 9:46 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Upson	29 min
May 20, 10:10 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Bibb, Crawford, Monroe, Upson	50 min
May 20, 10:37 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Bibb, Twiggs	38 min
May 20, 10:59 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Bleckley, Laurens, Twiggs	29 min
May 20, 11:53 PM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Dodge	41 min
May 21, 12:28 AM EDT	Severe Thunderstorm Warning	FFC	Wilcox	27 min

Nearby

Severe Thunderstorm Warnings in Georgia, 2008 Every severe thunderstorm warning in 2008

Sources

The product and its follow-ups from the Iowa Environmental Mesonet's archive of National Weather Service and Storm Prediction Center text; the sounding from the Mesonet's radiosonde archive; radar from the NEXRAD Level II archive.